Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Management w.r.t. Climate Change and Climate Variability: Project Experiences and Lessons from India. Presentation during World Meteorology Day at Ministry of Earth Sciences, India Meteorological Society, 23 March 2019 at New Delhi
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Climate Change and Disasters: Capacity Building Programmes
1. Dr Anil K Gupta
Head – Div. of Environment, CC & DRM
NIDM New Delhi
Capacity Building for Disaster
Risk Management
2. Disaster Management
Paradigm shift from Response & Relief to
Mitigation and Preparedness Centric
Loss of Life – Reduced substantially but
economic & other “non-economic” losses and
damages continue to increase
Legal and institutional mechanisms for disaster
Management, Plans and Programmes
3. Key Challenges
Multi - Hazard Vulnerability Assessment at District /
Sub-district levels
Understanding of changing risk scenarios with
anthropogenic/developmental and environmental
changes vis a vis climatic uncertainities
Disaster Management Plans/Strategies
Mainstreaming at Sectoral levels (within Government,
Business and Community)
Scientific and Systematic Approach to Post-disaster
Assessments
Valuation of Non-economic impacts, i.e. environmental,
systematic & social impacts of disasters
4. New Policy Paradigm
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-30)
Paris Climate Agreement (2015-30)
Sustainable Development Goals (2015-30)
Transition from Hyogo Framework to SFDRR
Priority 4 of HFA (i.e. Addressing Underlying Factors of
Risk) became Priority 1 in SFDRR ‘Understanding
Disaster Risk’
Evidence Based and Indicator Based Assessments
5. Environment, Climate & Disasters
Stockhom 1972
Rio Summit 1992
WSSD 2002 (Rio+10)
UNFCCC (UNEP+WMO)
4th AR (2007)
SREX Report 2012 (Asia)
Paris Climate Agreement
2015
1.5 Degree Report (2018)
4x4 Assessment Report
(India)
Climate change aggravates
hazards
CC increases vulnerability
(land, people, infrastructure)
Threefold relations:
Environmental changes as driver
of disaster risk
Disasters cause damage / losses
to environment (which further
aggravate disaster risk)
Environment management
reduce disaster risk & vulnerability
7. Emerging Issues
Environmental change as risk driver - (i) climate
change, (ii) land-use & landscape, (iii) natural
resource degradation
Vulnerabilities – governed by (i) environmental (ii)
technological and (iii) behavioural factors
Addressing underlying causes of vulnerability (HFA
Priority 4)
Understanding Disaster Risk (SFDRR Priority 1)
8. The 2nd Paradigm Shift
Disaster Management (DM) was relief centric
before 1991
IDNDR 1991-99 (Focused on “Natural”
Disasters… no attention on underlying causes)
New Paradigm since HFA 2005-15 (Priority 4)
Approach of inter-linking CCA –DRR
“Climate Resilience” - central to DRR
“Ecosystem – Landscapes & Disasters”
“Pathways & Tools of Mainstreaming DRR”
◙ Turning point ….Sendai Framework 2015-30
(Priority 1)
9. Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management
Response Centric
Relief Centric
Mitigationcentric
Preparedness centric
Disaster Centric
Hazard Centric
VulnerabilityCentric
Environment Centric
• From Relief to Risk
Reduction
• From Compartmental
to Integration
• From Ad-hoc to
Organized
• From Single hazard to
multi-hazard
Climate Change
Adaptation
2nd
Paradigm shift
11. SFDRR highlights
Resilience
Ecosystem Based
Solutions
Integrating CCA
Public Health
Specific goals for DRR
– Monitoring
Four Priorities
1. Understand disaster
risk
2. Strengthen disaster
risk governance
3. Invest in DRR
4. Enhance disaster
preparedness
Emphasis on Recovery
12. Operational Needs
Translating CCA—
DRR Convergence to
National / sub-
national and local
DRR /Development
frameworks
Disaster Risk
Management Plans –
National /state, local,
sector specific,
department specific,
etc.
13. Strategies for Mainstreaming:
Pathways & Tools (Projects)
Blended Approach (Addressing Knowledge &
Capacity Gaps)
Case Studies / Research
Policies, Plans & Advocacy
Training Manual / Modules
Knowledge Based Volumes
Upcoming Projects – 03.
14. Initiatives/Projects
Climate Resilient Development & Adaptation 2006-
07 (UNDP/MoEF) Rajasthan, UP, Gujarat.
Urban Flood Case Studies (8 Cities) 2007-08 UF.
National Action Plan on Chemical Disasters 2010
MOEF.
Risk to Resilience 2010: Strategic tools for DRM.
DFID, US-NOAA, ISET, WII, RF, GEAG, IIASA.
Climate Sensitive DM Planning – Flood Resilient
Uttar Pradesh (CDKN-UK / ISET) 2012-13.
Drought Vulnerability - Risk & Mitigation Analysis
2011-13 (ICSSR Funded )
15. Indo-German ekDRM Programme: Environmental
Knowledge for DRM 2011-13. MoEF / GIZ / UNU.
AdaptCAP- DRR Coastal (AP & TN) EU & GIZ 2014
Ecosystem Approach to DRR (UN-PEDRR) / UNEP
ecoDRR
National Human Resource Plan for DRM (2011-12)
as per DM Act 2005. HRP
National Disaster Management Plan (2013 for NEC
on DM Govt. of India), NDMP Released 2016.
Perspective Plan of NIDM’s Expansion &
Strengthening 2014. PP
Prime Minister’s Agenda 10: DM Plan of Sectors /
Ministries at Central Level. PM10
16. India Heat Wave Study 2015-16.
Integrating Climate Resilience into DRR (Knowledge &
Training) Govt. of Maharashtra: Case Study
Compendium
Establishment of ecoDRR Centre under Forest
Academy, Govt. of Maharashtra (DPR)
Forest Fire…..FFMP
Peri-urban Ecosystems for Urban Resilience (RF)
Climate Change and Vulnerability of Children
(UNICEF)
Policy Volume on Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Management (MoEFCC Sponsored).
Climate Resilient Development Planning (NKMCC)
17. Disaster Management Plan of Agriculture Sector
(MOAGFW).
Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) Integration
with EIA/Project Appraisal. UNU, PwC)
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Health –
Disaster Related Illness. (WHO/NCDC)
Other documentations/Books.
18. Road Ahead
Huge gaps in capacities (Knowledge & Professional
Competence)
Demonstrable Solutions / Pilots / Case Studies
(Showcasing)
Institutional network (Consortium framework)
Collaborative programmes with Partner Institutions
Research and Innovations
Bridge between Science Institutions, Implementers
and Policy Process.
Publications of lessons and outcomes.
Environmental changes, in particular the climate change, natural resource degradation and land-use changes are known to aggravate disaster risk especially of hydrometeorological ones. Vulnerabilities of the people, land-inhabitations, resources and infrastructure are governed and modified by the availability of natural resources, bio-productivity, technological know how, people’s practices and behaviour.
This paper will be focused on the opportunities and key issues for implementing SFDRR.