Failure to thrive in neonates and infants + pediatric case.pptx
Dr Anand_Anatomy 21-8-20.pptx
1. SUB OCCIPITAL REGION &
OCCIPITAL ARTERY
ANAND SHANKAR SARKAR,1st
MDS
Dept. Of Oral Medicine and
Radiology
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Sub Occipital Region
- Contents,Vascular & Nerve Supply.
• AppliedAnatomy
• Branches of ECA
• OccipitalArtery
- Origin, Course, Branches , Areas supplied,
Anastomosis
• Clinical Significance
• References
3. INTRODUCTION
•SuboccipitalTriangle is a region of neck
bounded by muscles. It is located between
occipital bone & posterior part of C1 & C2
Deep toTrapezius & semispinalis capitis.
•Occipital Artery Is Mainly a Branch of the
External Carotid Artery.
5. BOUNDARIES
Sub OccipitalTriangle is an
area bounded by :
• a. Rectus capitis Posterior
Major-Above & medially. (blue)
• b. Obliquus Capitis
Superior – Above & Laterally.
(green)
• c. Obliquus Capitis
Inferior – Below & Laterally.
(red)
7. CONTENTS OF SUB OCCIPITAL
TRIANGLE
1.Third Part ofVertebral Artery.
2.Dorsal Ramus of Nerve C1-Suboccipital
Nerve.
3.SuboccipitalVenous Plexus.
8.
9. APPLIED ASPECTS
•Cisternal Puncture
• Procedure to approach Cisterna Magna in the
posterior cranial FossaThrough the Foramen
Magnum.
• To Obtain CSF,Via the SubOccipitalTriangle.
• By piercing the Posterior Atlanto-Occipital
Membrane
10. BRANCHES OF ECA
• External carotid artery ( ECA)
has six collateral & two
terminal branches.
•Collateral: SuperiorThyroid,
Ascending Pharyngeal,
Lingual, Facial , Occipital,
Posterior Auricular.
•Terminal : Superficial
Temporal , Maxillary.
13. VARIATION
•However , in some cases , it can
originate from internal carotid ,
thyrocervical trunk, inferior thyroid
& vertebral arteries.
• Reference: Iran J Radiology, occipital artery from anterior
aspect of ICA, Toshinori Iwai et al. 2012
14. •COURSE:
• -It pierces the trapezius with the
greater occipital nerve.
-Passes backwards and upwards
along & under cover of lower
border of post. Belly of digastric ,
crossing carotid sheath,
hypoglossal & accessory nerves.
15.
16. •Then runs deep to the medial
aspect of mastoid process , and
passes between the splenius
capitis & semi spinalis capitis
muscles, to serve the back of
head.
19. •Meningeal Branches to the posterior
cranial fossa that enter the skull via the
condylar & jugular foramina.
•Occipital Branches in company with
Greater occipital Nerve to serve the
muscles & tissues of scalp.
•Small Branches may pass through the
parietal foramen to supply the parietal
meninges.
20. •AREAS SUPPLIED :
Sternocleidomastoid muscle,
Meninges in posterior
cranial fossa, Mastoid cells,
deep muscles of the back,
Posterior scalp,parietal
meninges.
21. •ANASTOMOSIS:
Superficial branch anastomose with
ascending branch of transverse cervical
artery.
Deep branch of descending occipital
artery anastomosis with deep cervical
artery.
22. •At back to the occiput, they connect with
the occipital artery above the mastoid
portion of the temporal bone.
23. •CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE :
•Wounds of the Scalp tend to bleed
profusely because of the rich vascular
supply and the vessels do not retract and
close when lacerated because the
connective tissue in which they are found
holds them open.
24. •Occipital headache and nuchal pain may
indicate the involvement of the occipital
arteries in temporal arteritis (TA).
25. References :
• Gray‘s Anatomy- 39th Edition
• B.D.Chaurasia‘s human anatomy –vol 3 -6th Edition
• Inderbir Singh‘sTextbook of Anatomy-Vol 3 -5th Edtion
• James L.Hiatt, Leslie P. Gartner –Textbook of Head &
Neck Anatomy
