There are 3 Presentations

1. Echocardiography
By : Akhtar Totakhail
Paktia University Gardiz city

3. introduction
• The Cardiac Ultrasound Procedure is also known as:
Echocardiography, Echocardiogram, or even just “Echo.” They all
refer to the same thing.
• Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) is when a cardiac
– ultrasound is performed on the patient’s chest.
– TTE is the most common cardiac ultrasound application and is non-
invasive.
• Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
– is a more specialized cardiac ultrasound with a special probe that is
inserted into the patient’s esophagus.
– TEE requires sedation and is considered more invasive than TTE.

4. Cardiac Ultrasound Indications
• Significant EKG changes
• Assessing Left ventricular Function
• Chest Pain/Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Shortness of Breath
• Hypotension
• New Heart Murmurs
• Cardiac Arrest

5. Cardiac Ultrasound Preparation
• Patient Preparation
– patient should be supine with the head of the bed flat.
– If unable to visualize the heart in the supine position, the Left lateral
decubitus.

8. Cardiac Ultrasound Machine Preparation
• Place the ultrasound
machine on the patient’s
right side

9. Ultrasound Probe
Ultrasound
Probe
Frequency Applications
Linear 5-15 MHz
Soft tissue, Musculoskeletal, Pediatric, Ocular, Trachea,
Thyroid, Thoracic, Most Procedures, DVT, Appendicitis,
Testicular
Curvilinear 2-5 MHz
General Abdominal (Gallbladder, Liver, etc), eFAST, renal,
aorta, IVC, Bladder, Bowel, OB/Gyn
Phased
Array/Sector
1-5 MHz Cardiac, Abdominal, eFAST, Renal, Bladder, Bowel, IVC
Endocavitary 8-13 MHz OB/Gyn, Peritonsillar Abscess

14. Ultrasound Probe Movements and Manipulation
• SLIDING The Ultrasound
Probe
– Sliding involves moving the
entire probe in a specific
direction to find a better
imaging window.

15. Cont…
• TILTING (FANNING) the
Ultrasound Probe
– moving from side to side
along the short axis of the
probe.
– It is commonly also called
“Fanning” as well.
– Tilting will allow
visualization of multiple
cross-sectional images

16. Cont…
• ROTATING the Ultrasound
Probe
– turning the transducer in a
clockwise or
counterclockwise direction
along its central axis.
– most commonly used to
switch between the long and
short axis of a specific
structure such as a vessel,
the heart, the kidney, etc.

17. Cont…
• ROCKING the Ultrasound
Probe
– the ultrasound probe either
towards or away from the
probe indicator along the long-
axis.

18. Cont…
• COMPRESSION with the Ultrasound Probe
• Compression with the ultrasound probe involves putting downward
pressure on the probe to evaluate the compressibility of a structure
or organ of interest.

19. Indicator (Orientation Marker) Position
• Ultrasound PROBE Indicato
r (Orientation Marker)
Position
– The “probe indicator” on the
ultrasound probe can be
identified as an orientation
marker (ridge, indentation,
groove, or nub) on one side
of the probe.

20. Indicator (Orientation Marker) Position
• Ultrasound IMAGE Indicator
(Orientation Marker) Position
– In general, for almost all
standard applications and
procedures the indicator
orientation marker position
will be on the LEFT side of the
screen.
– In cardiac mode, the indicator
orientation marker will be on
the RIGHT side of the screen.

22. Short Axis and Long Axis Orientation
Cylindrical and non-circular structures can additionally be described
using the terms Short vs Long axis.
• Long Axis: plane parallel to the maximal length of a structure.
• Short Axis: plane perpendicular to the long-axis of a structure.

24. Ultrasound Knobology and Settings

27. Gain: bright or dark you want your image

28. undergained

29. Over gained

30. optimum