wind energy and wind turbines

1. WIND DATA AND ENERGY ESTIMATION – TYPE OF WIND
ENERGY SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
DONY SUNNY

2. WIND ENERGY(CONTENTS)
• Basics of wind energy
• Wind power installation data
in India
• Wind power
• Classification of wind turbine
• Advantage of wind turbine
• Disadvantage of wind turbine

3. Wind energy
• Winds are horizontal movement of AIR from an area of HIGH pressure(H) to an area of
low pressure(L).
• Wind energy is a kinetic energy associated with movement of large masses of air.
• It is clean, cheap, and eco-friendly renewable source.
• Wind energy is utilized as mechanical energy with the help of a wind turbine.
• Moderate to high-speed winds, typically from 5m/s to about 25m/s are considered
favorable for most wind turbines.
• The electric power generation through wind was first proposed in Denmark in 1890

4. Source /origin of wind
• The origin of winds may be traced basically to uneven heating of the earth’s surface due
to sun.
• Local wind
• Planetary wind
Local wind
• Localized uneven heating is responsible for local winds.
Local winds are produced due to two mechanisms:
i. Due to differential heating of land surface and
water bodies due to solar radiation.
ii. Due to differential heating of slopes on the
hillsides and that of low lands

5. Planetary wind
• Two major forces determine the speed and direction of wind on a global basis :
i. Due to differential heating of the earth at equatorial and polar regions. (Heat transfer)
ii. Spinning of earth about its axis produces a Coriolis force, which is responsible for
deviation of air currents. (deflects the direction of wind)

6. • Tamil Nadu emerged as the leading wind installer
accounting for nearly 25% of the cumulative wind
installations as of March 31, 2020
• Gujarat emerged as the second leading state
accounting for 20% of the total wind installations in
the country.
• Maharashtra and Karnataka came third and fourth with 13%
each, while Rajasthan rounded off the top five with 11% of
the total cumulative installations.
Wind power installation data in India

7. wind power
Wind power =
1
2
𝜌𝐴𝑉3
Calculation of wind power
𝜌 = Effect of air density
A = Effect of swept area
V=Effect of wind speed
• No other factor is more important to the amount of
power available in the wind than the speed of the
wind
• Doubling wind speed means 8 times more power

8. • A device that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy is called wind turbine
Electrical
energy
Mechanical
energy
Kinetic
energy
Wind turbine

9. Type of wind machines
• Horizontal axis machine
• Vertical axis machine
• Savonius type
• Darreus type
• Horizontal axis using two aerodynamic blades
• Horizontal axis Propeller type using Single blade
• Horizontal axis multi blade type
• Horizontal axis Dutch type

10. Horizontal Axis wind machines
• The axis of rotation is horizontal
• It consists of rotor, supporting structure, gear box, generator
• Rotor blades made of metal or composite materials

12. Vertical Axis Wind Machines
• The axis of rotation is vertical
• Its also known as Cross wind axis machine
• They rotate independent of the direction of the wind
• No need of yaw control mechanism
• Heavy components placed on the ground

13. Savonius type
• It consists of two half cylinders attached to a vertical
axis and facing in opposite directions to form a two-
vane rotor.
• It has high starting torque, low speed and low
efficiency.
• It can extract power even from very slow wind,
making it working most of the time. These are used for
low-power applications.
• A high starting torque particularly makes it suitable
for pumping applications.

14. Darries type
• It is used for large-scale power generation. It look like
an egg beater and has two or three blades shaped like
aero foils .
• Drawback : it is usually not self-starting. Movement
may be initiated by using electrical generator as motor .
• As the pitch of the blade cannot change, the rotor
frequency and, thus the output power cannot be
controlled. Hence, at high wind speed it becomes
difficult to control the output.
• For better performance and safety of the blades,
gearbox and generator, it is desirable to limit the output
to a level much below its maximum possible value.

15. Advantage of vertical axis wind turbine
• Fatigue is caused in horizontal axis machines by the blades turning end over end
subjected to continuous cyclic gravity load . This does not happen in vertical axis
machine .
• They don’t need any yaw equipment since – they can response to wind from any
direction.
• Since heavy component are mounted on the bottom , they do not required much
structural support.
• Installation and maintance are easy .

16. Advantage of wind turbine
• The wind blows day and night, which allows
windmills to produce electricity throughout the day.
• Wind power is available in ample amounts in all
coastal areas.
• It does not produce any carbon dioxide.
• It is a renewable energy.
• There is no use of fossil fuels.
• Almost 95% of the land in use can be used for
farming/recreational purpose.

17. Disadvantage of wind turbine
• Electro magnetic interference
• Noise
• Electric shock
• Throwing ice
• Tower collapse
• Damage occur in radio signals
• Blade failure
• Birds life
• High capital cost

19. Reference
• Renewable Energy Resources-John Twidell and Tony Weir
• Mercom india clean energy
• Article by: Thomann, Gary C. Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, New York. Publication year: 2014

20. THANK YOU