Ventilation problem in heritage building

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND SERVICES
Ventilation Problem In Heritage Building
Present by:
Jodie Ting
Tay Pei Ying
Leong Lee Min
Dong Li Xian
Ong Ji Shian

2. Ventilation in heritage building
-Air moves from outside into the building in order to provide
healthy air
- Ventilation in old building is necessary
- Poor ventilation harms the health of building & its
occupants
-Poor ventilation in the building can be cause by
● Building materials
● Humans
● Etc

3. Selected Building: Commercial Building ,Shophouses
Location: Malacca,Core Zone
Purpose: To study and understand the ventilation
problem in the building

4. ● Back on the feedback
40% of shophouses -Natural ventilation
-Windows and openings
-Relying on the natural windflow from the Malacca River
40% of shophouses - Mix mode ventilation
-Air conditioning,fan,exhaust fan,openings & windows
20% of shophouses - Mechanical ventilation
- Air conditioning & Fans

5. ● Shophouses rely on the natural ventilation from
the river
-May seem appealing but cause odors
-trigger Mosquito’s growth
● Hotel installed ducts ventilation and air
conditioning without openings and windows
-Required higher cost of maintenance
-Costly electricity consumption

6. Installation
- Mixed-mode ventilation = Natural.V + Mechanical.V
- Natural ventilation (single-sided and cross ventilation)
- Single-sided ventilation → single opening and double opening.

7. - Single opening - Double opening
Single-sided ventilation (Natural Ventilation)

8. Cross ventilation
Roof ventilation

9. Mechanical ventilation
- Fans
- Air-conditioner
- 20% shophouses installed air-con

10. Management System
1. Fan 2. Air-conditioning
- check once a while - serviced once a year
- material build-up; dust - check coil and filter

11. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Keep the temperature of the surrounding cool.
> It works by pushing air downwards, creating a breeze that helps cool your skin
through evaporation
- Lower the ambient temperature by 4 to 5 degrees, regardless of how high or low the
temperature of the surroundings.
>Helps the people who are working in the shophouses to stay comfortable and
cooling in the afternoon when the sun it’s striking hot.
- Help to save a person’s money
Ceiling Fan

12. Disadvantages of ceiling fan
- Ceiling fan is noisy at times
> This usually happens when the rotators lose its greasiness or it is caused by loose screw or
blades.
> With almost any ceiling fan, over time the weight shifts, the blades move slightly, and
screws can loosen.
> Create a slight disturbance to the environment of the place as the shop owners are selling
their products to the tourists over there
- Ceiling fan is difficult to clean as most ceiling fans are high up.
> A ceiling fan that is not cleaned regularly will cause a layer of dust and mould to form on
the surface of the blade. Hence, it will cause discomfort when the fan is running.

13. Advantages of Air Conditioner
- Provides a clean and germ-free atmosphere, better air quality
> Helps to circulate and filter air, removing pollutants and mold from the air.
- It helps to lower indoor humidity, which decreases the growth of dust mite
and mold.
> Important to those that suffers asthma and allergies because it helps to
minimize the irritants that trigger the attack.
- Helps to improve a person’s workforce efficiency.
> Based on an article from Scientific American, the energy the body used on
trying to cool itself down takes away our ability to think.

14. Disadvantage of Air Conditioner
- Contribute to sick building syndrome
> A study in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine found
that "air conditioned buildings generally have a higher prevalence of
symptomatic workers than naturally ventilated buildings."
> Moisture can accumulate in the coils and fan blades from condensation
that forms when cold air circulates through the appliance
> This will show a bad impression to the visitors who visited the heritage
building

15. Advantages of Exhaust Fan
it helps to decrease airborne threats and irritations such as carbon
monoxide, cooking, unpleasant smell from the toilet and others
- maintain a clean and odourless smell.
Helps to pull the heat out, letting the home to lower the
temperature and stay cool.
Disadvantages of Exhaust Fan
It is difficult to maintain.
- As the exhaust fan start running, all the air particles including dust
will be sucked.
- The blade of the fan will have dust on the surface

16. Advantages of natural ventilations
- Lower in costs
because natural ventilation relies on the wind that helps cool down the surrounding
of the building.
- uses natural forces of buoyancy and wind to move fresh air into the building.
Disadvantages of natural ventilations
- It is unsuitable for noisy and clustered areas.
>The air will be polluted with noise and air pollution.
- Due to many number of vehicles pass by that area, dust will present in between
those air particles when there is wind.

17. Possible problems
- Existence of mould and mildew
- emit spores and volatile organic compounds
-Air humidity level always >70%

18. Possible problems
- Termite infestations
- Causing structural damage
- “silent destroyer”
- Potentially collapse

19. Possible problems
- Dust
- Fine particles in the atmosphere.
- The shophouses located at the roadside.

20. Possible problems
- Health hazard
- Existence of mould and mildews + dust → diseases especially to the
respiratory system.
- Diseases transmitted easily

21. Recommendation for Future Improvement
1. Solar Chimney
- passive solar system

22. 2. Attic Ventilation
- create balanced system

23. Research Method
- Online research and the collection of data have been done and the results
have been interpreted and filtered in order to obtain the accurate points that
most suitable and relevant to our topic.
- Went to the place and interviewed with the owner of the shophouses. To ask
about which type of ventilation system they use to achieve reasonable
comfort in their shophouses.
(Refer to appendix )

24. - Approach the building to take survey
- Understanding of the building
- Combine all the research data and number of shophouses to know about the
percentage of using nature ventilation system or mechanical ventilation
system.
- Separate all the works evenly for each of our teammates so that the
assignment can be completed perfectly and effectively without procrastination.

25. Learning Outcome
Throughout this survey, we had learned about the important of ventilation. To
make sure having a comfortable condition of a building, ventilation system plays a
vital role. In the past century, most of the buildings were using natural ventilation
because the technology was not that advanced to use mechanical ventilation.
In conclusion,ventilation system need to be take consideration when building a
house to ensured the air quality which was suitable and comfortable living
standard for people to stay in the house.