2. Cognition
The neural processes by which the brain
integrates meaningful stimuli and internal
motivations (brain and body states) into
awareness and appropriate behavior.
Stimuli may be external and detected by the
special sensory systems or internal and related
to brain and body state (sense of self).
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
3. Cognition
Brain and body states may reflect emotions, mood,
motivations, memory, appetitive drives, injuries,
disabilities....
Awareness may be objective or highly subjective.
Response may result in somatic and visceral motor
output.
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
4. Cognition
Response may result in altered
patterns of neural activity that
represent explicit knowledge
or emotions, with or without
overt motor expression.
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
5. Behavioral functions
Behavioral
function
Neural process
Attention Modulatory influences of brainstem reticular
formation, hypothalamus and basal forebrain
nuclei on thalamic and cortical processes
Recognition Coding of feature representations in primary and
higher order sensory cortices
Integration Association of disparate processing streams in
associational cortices
Planning Executive associational cortices in prefrontal
cortex
Selection,
execution
Implementation of short and long term plans
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
7. Associational cortices
They bring together
integrating information that
is being processed through
lower to higher order
divisions of sensory and
motor regions.
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
8. Thalamic nuclei
First-order thalamic nuclei send
inputs into the sensory cortex.
Higher-order thalamic nuclei send
inputs into the association cortex and
also recieve inputs from the cortex.
https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
9. https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University
Association cortex of the contralateral hemisphere
Corresponding cortical areas Non-corresponding cortical areas
Motor
and
premotor
cortex
Association cortices:
frontal, parietal, temporal
Other
primary
and
secondary
sensory
cortical
regions
VA-VL thalamic
nuclei complex
MD and LP
thalamic nuclei,
PULVINAR
Caudate nucleus,
putamen, cerebellum
Brainstem
modulatory
inputs
affect the
cerebral
cortex.
Cerebral cortex