Learning Objectives: Describe several important trends occurring in computer software. Give examples of several major types of application and system software. Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing. Outline the functions of an operating system. Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages.

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Computer Software
Chapter
4
Chapter
4

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1. Describe several important trends
occurring in computer software.
2. Give examples of several major types of
application and system software.
3. Explain the purpose of several popular
software packages for end user
productivity and collaborative
computing.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
4. Outline the functions of an operating
system.
5. Describe the main uses of computer
programming software, tools, and
languages.

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What is Software?What is Software?
Definition:
• Various kinds of programs used to
operate computers and related devices

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Types of SoftwareTypes of Software

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Types of SoftwareTypes of Software
• Application Software - performs
information processing tasks for end
users
• System Software – manages and
supports operations of computer systems
and networks

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Application SoftwareApplication Software
• General-Purpose – programs that perform
common information processing jobs for
end users
• Application-Specific – support specific
applications of end users in business and
other fields

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How is Software Developed?How is Software Developed?
• Custom Software – software applications
that are developed within an organization
for use by that organization
• Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)
Software – software that is developed by
a software developer with the intention of
selling the software in multiple copies

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General-Purpose Application SoftwareGeneral-Purpose Application Software
• Software Suites
• Web Browsers
• Electronic Mail
• Word Processing
• Spreadsheets
• Database Managers
• Presentation Graphics
• Personal Information Managers
• Groupware

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Software SuitesSoftware Suites

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Integrated PackagesIntegrated Packages
Definition:
• Combine some of the functions of several
programs into one software package

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Graphical User Interface (GUI)Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Definition:
• Icons, tool and status bars, menus, and
so on, which gives an application its look
and feel

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Web BrowserWeb Browser
Definition:
• Software interface used to point and click
through the hyperlinked resources of the
Internet

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Web BrowserWeb Browser

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Electronic Mail & Instant MessagingElectronic Mail & Instant Messaging
• Electronic Mail – software used to send
and receive electronic messages and file
attachments via the Internet, intranets or
extranets
• Instant Messaging (IM) – software used to
send and receive electronic messages
instantly to facilitate real time
communication and collaboration

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E-mailE-mail

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Word Processing & Desktop PublishingWord Processing & Desktop Publishing
• Word Processing – software that supports
the creation, editing, revision and printing
of documents
• Desktop Publishing (DTP) – software that
supports the production of materials that
look professionally published

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Word ProcessingWord Processing

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Electronic SpreadsheetsElectronic Spreadsheets
Definition:
• Software that supports the development
of electronic worksheets consisting of
rows and columns used for business
analysis, planning and modeling

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SpreadsheetsSpreadsheets

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Presentation GraphicsPresentation Graphics
Definition:
• Software that helps convert numeric data
into graphics displays and prepare
multimedia presentations including
graphics, photos, animation, and video
clips

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Presentation SoftwarePresentation Software

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Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

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Video SoftwareVideo Software

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GroupwareGroupware
Definition:
• Software that helps workgroups and
teams work together to accomplish group
assignments

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Software LicensingSoftware Licensing
• Purchasing the right to use specific
software under the terms of the software
licensing agreement
• Protects the vendor’s intellectual property
right

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System SoftwareSystem Software
• System Management Programs – programs that
manage the hardware, software, network, and
data resources of computer systems during the
execution of various information processing jobs
of end users
• System Development Programs – programs that
help users develop information system
programs and procedures and prepare user
programs for computer processing

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Operating SystemOperating System
Definition:
• An integrated system of programs that
manages the operations of the CPU,
controls the input/output and storage
resources and activities of the computer
system, and provides various support
services as the computer executes the
application programs of users

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Operating System FunctionsOperating System Functions

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User InterfaceUser Interface
Definition:
• The part of the operating system that
allows you to communicate with it so you
can load programs, access files, and
accomplish other tasks

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Types of User InterfacesTypes of User Interfaces
• Command-Driven
• Menu-Driven
• Graphical User Interfaces

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Resource ManagementResource Management
Definition:
• Programs to manage the hardware and
networking resources of a computer
system, including its CPU, memory,
secondary storage devices,
telecommunications processors, and
input/output peripherals

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File ManagementFile Management
Definition:
• Programs that control the creation,
deletion, and access of files of data and
programs as well as keeping track of the
physical location of files on magnetic
disks and other secondary storage
devices

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Task ManagementTask Management
Definition:
• Programs that control which task gets
access to the CPU and for how much time
• Multitasking – approach that allows for
several computing tasks to be performed
in a seemingly simultaneous fashion

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Popular Operating SystemsPopular Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows
• UNIX
• Linux
• Mac OS X

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Other System Management ProgramsOther System Management Programs
• Performance Monitors – programs that
monitor and adjust the performance and
usage of one or more computer systems
to keep them running efficiently
• Security Monitors – programs that monitor
and control the use of computer systems
and provide warning messages and
record evidence of unauthorized use of
computer resources

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Programming LanguageProgramming Language

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Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

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Machine LanguagesMachine Languages
• All program instructions had to be written
using binary codes unique to each
computer
• Programmers had to have a detailed
knowledge of the internal operations of
the specific type of CPU

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Assembler LanguagesAssembler Languages
• Alphabetic abbreviations and symbols are
used to represent operation codes and
storage locations
• Language translator programs are
required to convert the instructions into
machine instructions

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High-Level LanguagesHigh-Level Languages
• Instructions that use brief statements or
arithmetic expressions
• Each statement generates several
machine instructions when translated by
compilers or interpreters

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Fourth-Generation LanguagesFourth-Generation Languages
• Nonprocedural – programmers specify
results while computer determines the
sequence of instructions that will
accomplish those results
• Natural Language – very close to human
language

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Object-Oriented LanguagesObject-Oriented Languages
• Ties together data
element and the
procedures or actions
that will be performed
upon them

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Web LanguagesWeb Languages
• HTML – a page description language that
creates hypertext or hypermedia documents
• XML – describes the contents of Web pages by
applying identifying tags or contextual labels to
the data in Web documents
• Java – an object-oriented programming
language that is simple, secure and platform
independent

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HTMLHTML

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Web ServicesWeb Services
Definition:
• Software components that are based on a
framework of Web and object-oriented
standards and technologies for using the
Web to electronically link the applications
of different user and different computing
platforms

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Web ServicesWeb Services

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Language Translator ProgramsLanguage Translator Programs
• Assembler – translates the symbolic instruction
codes of programs written in an assembler
language into machine language instructions
• Compiler – translates high-level language
statements
• Interpreter – compiler that translates and
executes each statement in a program one at a
time

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End of Chapter
Chapter
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Chapter
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