Internet Crime Essay

Internet Crime Essay
Internet Crime
New times bring new crimes. Actually, as time moves on and our world becomes more technologically dependant, the same old time–tested crimes
evolve to fit the arena of the Net. To be specific, the most common Internet crimes are forgery, assault, fraud, and theft.[1]
Identity
Identity–it's our most valuable commodity. It defines who we are and is essential to doing business and carrying on personal relationships. But on the
Net, identity is ambiguous. To paraphrase Microsoft's ad campaign, Who do you want to be today? More appropriately, who might want to be you
today?
Email has become the written communication medium of choice for many of us–it's fast, cheap, convenient, private, and secure. Right?...show more
content...
3– Look carefully at message headers for discrepancies between sender and provider.
4– Learn to use tools such as Whois that let you track down email addresses.
5– Acquire and use encryption software, particularly if you send email containing confidential or sensitive information.
Assault
A few years ago, a web site that was supposed to be the most secure in the world was broken in to. The site's welcome screen was replaced by
crimson eyes, dripping blood, and sexually explicit imagery, not to mention messages the site's sponsor never would have endorsed. This site was the
home page of the U.S. Air Force. Ironically enough the site's sponsor was the U.S. Department of Defense.[2]
Fortunately, the hacker only fouled things up enough to leave the message that the site was not secure. Many times, hackers are not so generous.
Another frightening fact is that in the past couple of years, sites like the Justice Department, NASA, and the CIA have been hacked.

Email has become a popular vehicle for malicious hacking, much of it in the form of mail bombs. A mail bomb is, simply, an attack unleashed by
dumping hundreds or thousands of email messages onto specific addresses.
Because mail bomb attacks are automated–after the initial programming, the computer does all the work–it is relatively easy to overwhelm a recipient.
In November 1996, a college student at Monmouth University in New Jersey allegedly bombarded University
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Cyber Crime Essay
In today's day and age, everyone uses a computer. Whether it is just for fun (surfing the internet, downloading music) or for work (using Excel, Word or
the internet for sources) there are not too many people that do not understand how useful the computer can be. In fact, many people have figured out
how to use the computer to commit crime anonymously, and sometimes without the victim even knowing a crime has been committed. There are many
different types of internet crime. First, it is incredibly easy to hide one's identity on the internet. Most people use "user names" as opposed to actual
names, therefore anyone can choose anything for their name. Some people do this just so they can feel like they can be who ever they want to be...show
more content...
"The development of informal banking institutions and parallel banking systems may permit central bank supervision to be bypassed, but can also
facilitate the evasion of cash transaction reporting requirements in those nations which have them (Grabosky 17). Viruses, worms and trojans are also a
common internet crime. Computer viruses are programs that can copy themselves in order to infect a computer without the knowledge of the user.
These can be spread by e–mail, flash drives, floppy disks, or any other form of portable memory. Worms are similar in that the user is unaware, but the
point of these is to send the virus to as many people as possible. Therefore, the worm does not attach itself to the computer, but instead to the e–mail so
it can be sent out again and again. Trojans appear to be innocent to the computer user, but in fact is used to open a backdoor to the computer so others
can access. They can also be used to transmit viruses or worms. Most people can protect against these by installing anti–virus software that will review
information to make sure it is safe before the user can open. There are also numerous firewalls that can be installed on a computer to make sure only
authorized material is transmitted. The easiest way to misuse the internet is simply to conspire to commit a criminal act. Many people use computers to
share information and to communicate plans. Some of these may be simply

CyberCrime Essay
Computers have improved a great deal from the time that they were invented to the present. They have even improved a great deal from year to year.
This may be positive, but then again it has a negative effect on society. The use and advancement of technology has increased different types of crimes
like the following; terrorism, black marketing, and theft crimes. It is also responsible for the success of their respective criminal assets.
These technologies related crimes are described by one word, which is cyber crime. According to Dan Koenig, cyber crime is a criminal offense that
has been created or made possible by the advent of computer technology, or a traditional crime which has been transformed by the use of a computer.
...show more content...
The advancement of technology causes more black–marketing because it helps create the products that are sold in the black market system. A couple
of years ago there were no such thing as bootlegging songs and movies on CD's and DVD's. But because of the fact that computers are being
improved anybody who has a computer can copy movies, songs and then sell them. Even young people are able to do this. According to Kevin Webb,
a Dallas–based computer consultant, saw a teenager using an iPod MP3 player to steal hundreds of dollars worth of software from a neighborhood
CompUSA store in about a minute and a half (Stevenson). This shows how anybody can accomplish bootlegging so easily.
The advancement of technology helps cause more theft crimes because a criminal can investigate certain information on the place from which they
want to steal so that they can possess information they need to make their crime successful. They can easily find passwords that they need. An example
of this occurred in California where a hacker gained access to several computer networks, which included information about 265,000 state workers.
This information consisted of the first, last, and middle names and the Social Security numbers of every state employee, from the Governor to
contracted staff. In another case two

Literature Review On Cyber Crime
2. Literature review
The internet is a medium that is becoming progressively important as it makes information available in a quick and easy manner. It has transformed
communications and acts as a global network that allows people to communicate and interact without being limited by time, boarders and distance.
However, the infrastructure is vulnerable to hackers who use the system to commit cyber crime. To accomplish this, they make use of innovative stealth
techniques for their malicious purposes in the internet.
In the computer security context, a hacker is someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network (Wiki).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)
To clarify, hackers apply computer...show more content...
In fact, computers are not only the means of the crime, but also the target of it. Cyber crime encompasses a wide range of activities, including: hacking,
phishing, denial of service (DoS) attacks, creating and distributing malware, unauthorized data access, corruption of deletion of data, interception of
data (Kennedys).
The fight against hackers and cyber crime is a global problem and nationally and internationally, the threats they caused have been recognized and
acknowledged.
Governments, organizations and companies co–operate to secure cyber space. In fact, the prevention of cyber criminal activities is the most critical
aspect in the fight against cyber crime. It's mainly based on the concepts of awareness and information sharing. A proper security posture is the best
defence against cyber crime (Paganini, Perluigi, 2014)
http://www.tripwire.com/state–of–security/incident–detection/preventing–and–recovering–from–cybercrime/
The UK government confirmed that unfortunately a growing number of adversaries are looking to use cyberspace to steal, compromise or destroy
critical data. The scale of our dependence means that our prosperity, our key infrastructure, our places of work and our homes can all be affected

(Cabinet Office,

Cyber Crime Essay
As the number of internet users and ease of access increases, and more and more of the public and private assets are stored electronically rather than
physically. The internet while providing range of benefits to individuals and organizations also provide criminal opportunities to emerge. These online
criminal activities are known as Cybercrime.
The briefing paper is an attempt to discover different areas of cyber crime, and its implication in today 's world . The paper focuses on the growing
range of cyber crimes to the security of public and private sector, its types and how to mitigate the risk of cyber crime.
The term Cybercrime is used to refer to any crime that is conducted with the help of computer or network. Internet was not designed to be secure.
Information technology provides different ways of communication for exchange of fast, cheap and secure information. But can also be used as a
means of communication to help existing criminal activities, and to provide new way for criminal activities. Cyber crime is not a static way of crime.
The introduction of new technology also expands the range of potential victims. In the past 20 years the ICT industry has had phenomenal growth by
agreeing global technical standards and disciplines from hypertext to Wi–Fi but when it comes to Cyber security many standards are just not
followed.(John Stuffolk, Global Head of Cyber security, 17 Huawei 'We should learn from the cold war to strengthen cyberspace ' Financial Times, 21

The Issue Of Cyber Crimes Essay
Jurisdiction is one of the main issues on account of cyber crimes because of the extremely inclusive nature of the cyber crimes. With the constantly
developing arm of the internet the territorial concept appears to vanish. New Methods for resolution of dispute should offer route to the traditional
techniques. Accordingly, the Information Technology Act, 2000 is quiet on these issues.
In spite of the fact that S. 75 accommodates extra territorial operations of this law, yet they could be significant just when supported with provisions
which recognizes orders and warrants for Information issued by capable authorities outside their purview and measure for cooperation's for trade of
material and evidences of cyber violations between law implementation organizations.
Normally the jurisdiction of a court is identified with the place where the offense is committed. This depends on the English common law position that
all crimes committed are local and ought to be tried just by the courts which have the jurisdiction over the matter and where the crime has been
committed. When there is a confusion with regards to the local area which any crime took place, the courts, inside whose purview even a part of the
offense was submitted, is given the jurisdiction to try the matter.
Ques.2 Explain briefly the classification of cyber crimes in India?
Ans.2The subject of cyber crime may be broadly classified firstly as under the following three groups.
1. Against Individuals
a.their

Cyber Crime
Analysis of Cyber Crime awareness among youth
Abstract: Cyber crime is emerging as a serious threat. Worldwide governments, police departments and intelligence units have started to react. One of
the many approaches to enable students and other peoples to protect themselves from the ever–increasing amount and range of cybercrime. This is
relevant to students studying different aspects of undergraduate and postgraduate computing. This paper discusses the views of young generation on
the potential risks on other relevant issues related cyber crime. The peoples may specialise in different aspects of computing from business information
systems, through software development to networking. But we are just focusing on...show more content...
(ii) Crimes in which computers are targets.
III.Who are cyber criminals?
The cyber criminals constitute of various groups/category. This division may justify on the basis of the object that they have in their mind. The
following are the category of cyber criminals–
1. Children and adolescents between the age group of 6–18 years: The simple reason for this type of committing crime behavior pattern in children is
seen mostly due to the curiousness to know and explore the things. Further the reasons may be psychological even [1].
2. Organized hackers– These kinds of hackers are mostly organized together to fulfill certain objective. The reason may be to fulfill their political bias,
fundamentalism, etc [1].
E.g. The Pakistanis are said to be one of the best quality hackers in the world. They mainly target the Indian government sites with the purpose to fulfill
their political objectives [1].
3. Professional hackers / crackers their work of hackers is motivated by the color of money. These kinds of hackers are mostly employed to hack the
site of the rivals and get credible, reliable and valuable information. Further they are van employed to crack the system of the employer basically as a
measure to make it safer by detecting the loopholes [1].
4. Discontented employees– This group includes those people who have been either sacked by their employer or are dissatisfied with their employer.
To avenge they normally hack the

Essay on CyberCrime
Millions of people around the world use computers and the internet everyday. We all use it in school, work even at home, computers have made us life
easier, it has brought so many benefits to society but it has also brought some problems, cybercrimes is one of them. The internet could be considered a
type of community of computer networks, therefore we could consider it a society. Like in every society, in the internet there is commerce, education,
entertainment, and of course there is crime, cybercrime. Real life society has police and laws to regulate people actions, unfortunately right now the
internet is missing this type of control. Governments around the world need to work together to find a solution to this problem. The...show more
content...
Now the internet is used by universities, companies, schools, government agencies, families and individual users (Encarta, 2001). Cybercrimes are
committed by using computers, so they could be considered computer crimes. Computer crimes started in the 1960s with the introduction of computers
into businesses and government agencies. Through the years computers and computer crimes have evolved, now most of computer crimes are done
through the internet (Godwin, 1995). Right now it is estimated that $100 billion dollars is lost annually because of cybercrimes and 97% of the
offenses go undetected (Gebhardt, 2001). Cybercrimes will continue to evolve becoming more and more dangerous. Right now there are different types
of cybercrimes, the most important and dangerous are the following. Computer network break–ins, this type of crime is performed by hackers that
break into computer systems to steal data or plant viruses, this type of crime has been made illegal by the U.S. federal government but its detection
is difficult; Industrial espionage, this occurs when a corporation hires a hacker to obtain information about another corporation; Software piracy, this
the illegal copying and distribution of software, this copies of software work as well as the originals but are much cheaper because it is very simple
to create this copies; Mail bombings, this type of crime consist in ordering the computer to

Cyber Crime Essay
Cyber Crime
Cyber Crime... this type of Crime is being more common in today's world as advancements with technology have now come and will continue to bring
changes. The society as a whole should have worries about crimes being committed within the internet, the crimes are increasing and if nothing is done
to prevent them, and then they will not stop. More and more people each day are becoming more accustomed to the use of technology. Such
advancement are leading to more crime online. First we will talk about sex crimes which start with internet encounters.
The main problem with the internet is an increase of sex crimes. In 2009 Greenhaven Press published "Cyber Crimes". The book went on to talk about
the problems about sex crimes and...show more content...
In the article Sadler went on to talk about how people usually let their guard down when they are behind their smartphones people will open anything
they get such as a text or email without hesitation. Smartphone companies should improve security and should be able to spot fakes and deal with
them accordingly. People with iPhone's are being targeted directly. The scam is someone who is impersonating to be an Apple employee and is
trying to convince the person they have a breach on their phone and in order to deal with the problem they will need to go to this website and put
down information to verify. Emails with a link that is asking for your Apple ID, personal information, and payment information. Some emails that have
a link attached with it also can grant access to a hacker to your smartphone or computer and they can then access just about anything that you had put
down on your computer. (Sadler)
In 2009 Greenhaven Press published the book "Cyber Crime". Bruce Schneier talked about whether a software company should be liable for the
security breaches. Security breaches are starting to become more and more common. The issue is often argued to be because of manufactures poorly
making products on purpose. In certain aspects people would be favoring secure products over insecure but it seems they do not due to software
monopolies limiting the choices they have by only making things up to the latest compatibilities with certain product and other companies not

Essay about CyberCrime and Terrorism
Throughout the years, there has been a steady increase in the amount of cyber crime committed. Technology is a constantly changing entity, constantly
evolving, always progressing. Naturally this can make it hard to stay on top of things. In turn, law enforcement runs into various issues regarding cyber
crime and cyber terrorism. Cyber crime and terrorism is so complex of a crime that it can be hard to break down the barriers that can lead to
justifying the action. Major issues that are prominent in cyber crime and terrorism are that laws vary greatly from country to country. There is also a
major lack of knowledge and equipment in many departments as well as training. On top of these major issues, there are also issues with reporting these
The fact that cyber crime can be committed from half way across the world is a huge burden on those whose job it is to apprehend the criminals.
The main problem that springs up, is the sheer fact that not every country has the same laws. One country may not have the same definition of cyber
crime as the United States, or even recognize the act as a criminal offense. This can cause major issues when the countries laws differ, or even if the
criminal is inside an unfriendly territory. This makes the process of apprehending a criminal extremely difficult and time consuming. Countries may
often refuse to extradite criminals when this occurs; causing a standstill in the apprehension progress, and once this occurs, the solution must be
purely diplomatic, and can be a long process. In addition to the major issue of distance, there is also an issue that is much more of an internal problem.
Since much of this technology is relatively new in the scheme of things, many of the law enforcement departments have a major lack of knowledge,
equipment and training to deal with cyber crime and cyber terrorism. This causes a major flaw in the defense of government entities because so few are
trained to actually understand the interworking of cyberspace and how to properly protect information, but just know basics about how to utilize
computer equipment. We

Essay on Cyber Crime and National Security
Essay on Cyber Crime And National Security
When we talk about national security, we talk about the security of over one billion people and sovereignty of a country that is culturally rich,
politically stable, socially compact and economically emerging. The worst victim of terrorism and naxalism India and its national security has been
threatened recently by cyber crime.
They concept of cyber crime is not radically different from the concept of conventional crime. Cyber crime is the latest and perhaps the most
complicated problem in the crime world of the country. In the context of national security, cyber crime may involve hacktivism (on–line activity
intended to influence polity), traditional espionage or information warfare and...show more content...
In fact, the first recorded cyber crime dates back to 1820. Joseph Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacture in France produced the loom which involved a
seniors of steps. This caused fear among Jacquard's employees that their traditional employment and live hood were being threatened. They committed
acts of sabotage to discourse Jacquard from further use of the new technology.
Cyber terrorism is a threat to national security which may be defined as " the premeditated use of disruptive activities or the threat thereof, in cyber
space, with the intention of further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such
objects". A cyber terrorist is a person who uses the computer system as a means or ends to achieve the following objectives – (1) putting the public or
any section of public in fear, or (2) affecting adversely the harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or
communities; or (3) coercing or overawing the government established by law; or (4) endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation.
Cyber crime is a global phenomenon and therefore the initiative to fight it should come from the same level. Today cyber and organized crime has
become the order of the day round the globe and the need to put an end to this criminal act cannot be kept aside. Research has shown that people lose
millions of with this set of

Cyber-Crime is a Serious Problem Essay examples
Millions of people around the world use computers and the internet every day. We all use it in school, work even at home, computers have made us
life easier, it has brought so many benefits to the society but it has also brought some problems and cybercrimes is one of them. "The times have really
changed," said Greg Garcia, the department's assistant secretary for cyber security and communications. "We're seeing now phishing, farming, botnets
... war dialing and domain server spoofing. And we're seeing coordinated cyber–attacks against nation states." (Fowler 5) Cybercrime is one of the most
prevalent and most popular rising crimes being committed today. This is criminal activity done using computers and the Internet. There are millions
Eventually, the government decided to allow access to the Internet for commercial purposes; however it doesn't stop there businesses rapidly realized
that Internet can boost up their business where they provide better services for their clients. The result is that bandwidth on the Internet has increased
tremendously and costs have decreased significantly. Now days we can't imagine life without Internet because it makes our daily work easier.
According to P.J. Deitel and H.M. Deitel "The Internet and the web are surely among humankind's most profound creations" (Deitel 11). As the
Internet increased access to increasing numbers of systems worldwide, criminals used unauthorized access to poorly protected systems for vandalism,
political action and financial gain (Internet & World Wide Web : How to Program).
Identity theft via cybercrime is one of the fastest growing crimes in America, costing billions of dollars each year. Identity theft is a form of theft in
which the targets are bank accounts, credit cards, debit cards, social security numbers and information that is linked to a person's identity. Identity
theft is the worst of the cybercrimes against individuals. Moreover, it is not just a person who has high credit score need to be worry about it.
According to Federal Trade Commission estimates (FTC) "more than four hundred thousand children have their identity stolen every year" (17). People
who

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cyber Crime
CYBERCRIME
Cybercrime we have when a computer is the object of the crime like hacking, phishing, spamming or is used as a tool to commit an offense like the
child pornography, hate crimes etc.
In this crimes, the cyber–criminal use different technology in computers to have access to the personal data, use the exploitative or malicious web
purposes.
Also criminals can use computers to communicate and store data. These criminals involved in these illegal activities are called hackers.
Cybercrime also referred to as computer crime. Crimes hit computer networks or devices. These types of crimes have viruses and denial–of–service
(DoS).
Common types of cybercrime include online bank information theft, identity theft, online predatory crimes and...show more content...
Downloading a movie or a song from torrents it is considered piracy and it must be punished. It is a minor crime but still it has to end at some
point. If someone gets used to get what he want for free then imagine if in the following years they find a way to get also money for free. What
would happen then? It appears only in digital on the screen. Stealing an original movie from the local DVD store it is considered a crime, it is the
same stealing it from the web, and the difference is that it only appears on your screen. If you rob a bank in the web and just numbers appear on your
account is going to be the same easy thing as downloading a movie in a few

Pros And Disadvantages Of Cyber Crime Essay
INTRODUCTION :–
Internet was created by some accomplished people in 1960's. It was started for research and development in USA. Initially, it was started for military
use but by and by, internet was made available for all the computer users. Many people use internet for the communication because it has been the most
favourable and efficient way of communication. There are many advantages of internet but as well as on the other side it has many drawbacks. Many
people misuse this technology because of this the World is in danger zone, privacy of the countries, companies, government institutes and peoples are in
unsafe. Many crimes are done by the use of the internet. The main misuse of this technology is Cybercrime. Cybercrimes violate the...show more
content...
There are around 30 million internet users with 15 million mobile sub in Pakistan. As indicated by Cyber Crime Unit (CCU), a branch of Federal
Investigation Agency, just 62 cases were accounted for to the unit in 2007, 287 cases in 2008, proportion dropped in 2009 yet in 2010, more than 312
cases were enlisted. In any case, unreported occurrences of digital crime are immense in numbers.
In 2012, There was an ICT 7th exhibition CONNECT held in Expo Centre Karachi where President Pakistan Information Security Association (PISA)
and former additional director general FIA Ammar Jaffery said "The unwillingness of cyber crime victims to pursue cases is the major hurdle in the
way of investigations and action against hackers and criminals in the country".
As indicated by him around 200 cases were accounted for in 2011 including internet fraud, site hacking .The victims do not report against the crime as
a result of the fear of police, extorting and individual mysteries. Man people used to blackmail female via facebook account, by hacking website.
CHART OF CYBER CRIME

Cyber Crime And Transnational Crime Essay
Due to the borderless nature of cyberspace, the perfect arena has been created for transnational crime to occur. Whether it's an anonymous hacker
infiltrating a computer network, terrorists targeting the U.S. power grid, or even the Mexican Los Zetas selling drugs on the Dark Web, cyberspace has
presented itself as an attractive target for illegal activity. Any criminal act in cyberspace immediately poses a transnational security threat to practically
anything comprehensible, such as: governments, military, infrastructure, national security, the civilian population, and corporations. In order for
policymakers and the international community to effectively implement sound policies and treaties to mitigate and deter the various criminal acts
stemming from cyberspace, they must understand how sophisticated criminals have become and they must examine how resilient the Internet has
made a criminals daily operations. As a result, the intangible environment of this borderless area makes it difficult to visualize the extent of its
transnational nature. With that being said, how do we effectively implement policies and multilateral treaties to monitor, weaken, and ultimately,
eradicate, criminals in cyberspace? Definitions For the purposes of this paper, the term cyberspace is defined as the electronic medium of computer
networks, in which online communication takes place. In addition, the term cybercrime relates to a criminal act that has some kind of computer or
cyber aspect to

Essay on Introduction to Computer Crime
1.0Introduction
In our modern society where technology is evolving, the people who are exposed to computers each day are also increasing. Using computers have
become part of our daily lives to the extent that the world would not function as it would now without the use of computers. With that, criminals are
moving on to using computers for their criminal activities and thus computer crimes are born.
Every now and then we will hear news of companies getting hacked, government websites being defaced, customers' information being leaked out and
other various computer crimes all over the world.
This report aims to introduce the various types of computer crimes and what impact does computer crimes bring to the society. The report will also
Unlike normal crimes, computer crimes can be initiated in a remote location where the law is not enforced for computer crimes and with many
computers getting networked to each other, computer crimes have been made easier.
2.0Background 2.2Various types of computercrime
There are many various types of computer crimes and they have grown huge in numbers ever since more people have access to computers. In this
section, it will focus on the more common types of computer crimes that have been prosecuted by law such as Hacking, Theft, Cyberstalking, Identity
Theft and usage of malicious softwares. 2.2.1Hacking
Hacking is a type of computer crime where a hacker gains unauthorized access to another computer to access personal or sensitive information and
sometimes also to destroy or modify information in the computer. As technology is constantly improving over time, the knowledge of computers
gained by people is also improving over time and thus leading hackers to exploit security vulnerabilities in computers to benefit themselves or bring
havoc to a certain party. Many people are still not conscious of their computer usage habits which make it an easy target for hackers as an unsuspecting
user can execute a malicious software unknowingly which can allow a hacker can exploit and gain access to the computer system. 2.2.2Theft (Piracy)
Theft or piracy is a computer crime where a user violates copyrights of a material by illegally downloading them. With

Cyber Crime : A Crime
Cyber crime is described as computer crimes. They could be classified as any form of illegal activity that take place on a computer or even a phone.
According to the Department of Justice they classify cyber crime into three categories: crimes in which a computer is the target, another class is when
a computer is used as a weapon. The last class is when a computer is used as an accessory, this is when criminals use computers to store data they've
stolen. The growth of the internet has allowed cyber criminals to attack any target anywhere and not even have to be local. Capabilities in internet
speed and the out reach of the world wide web make this crime more desirable and easy to accomplish. Cyber crime has an impact of businesses and
people within the community is various ways. Millions are lost everyday trying to repair the damage that they've done. The people that commit these
crimes are computer nerds who are just looking for bragging rights with their friends. Some of these people do break into organizations to steal money
or personal information. They could even be spying on a competitor company for secrets. Fighting cyber–crime according to the FBI is an ongoing task
across all levels. The US Government identifies 4 major challenges:
Ensuring cyber–crime is reported: How can a business know that they are a victim of a crime. Most businesses do not know that they have been a
victim until it's too late. This crime is an invisible crime unless a person is trying to

Cyber Crime Essay
Cyber Crime is described as criminal activity committed via use of electronic communications with respect to cyber fraud or identity theft through
phishing and spoofing. There are many other forms of cyber–crime also such as harassment, pornography etc. via use of information technology.
Usually Cyber–crime is divided in below 3 categories: 1.Persons: Cyber Crime against person can be conducted in many ways as in today's world all
the personal information is available on internet and one can use this against a person. 2.Property: These kind of crimes includes unauthorized
computer tres passing via cyber space, transmission of harmful programmer or possession of comutersied information. 3.Government: One of growing
cyber–crime and very dangerous at high scale is cyber–crime against government. As terrorist may use cyber space to crack into the government or
military maintained websites and can get access to the very secretive information or files which can damage the safety of the county and the citizens of
the nation at large. Strict Cyber Law: Cyber Law was the first step taken by the government against the cyber–crime. According to this law if any one
tries to destroy, alters or delete any data or damage it without any permission of the owner of the computer, shall be punishable offense. Similarly if
any corporate body is maintaining or protecting data of the person or company and if any negligent act or failure found in protecting the data shall be
liable to pay

Cybercrime: Two Case Studies
Cybercrime is committed when a person uses a computer and network technology to commit an act which is against the law. Such crimes cover a wide
range of activities that can be clearly defined as against the common good. Financial fraud, stalking, cyber–bullying, and malware creation are common
ones. There are times however when cybercrimes, although illegal in action, are committed to promote the common good. Ambiguous cybercrimes
create a moral/ethical dilemma in the public spotlight, and create doubt toward the authorities that uphold the law. The following are two such cases.
We Do Not Forgive. We Do Not Forget On April 4th 2013, Rehtaeh Parsons committed suicide after a year and a half of cyber
–bullying from the four
boys that gang–raped her in November of 2011. The boys had photographed the crime against the seventeen year old, and used the photos to brag
about it on social media (Winston Ross, 2013). After a year of half–hearted investigating, police called off the investigation without filing any charges,
citing that the case was an issue of "he said, she said" (Winston Ross, 2013). After the girl's death, public outrage over the botched investigation led to
the hacker collective Anonymous to get involved. Because the boys were minors at the time of the crime, their identities were protected by law.
Anonymous hackers scoured the Internet to find out the identity of the rapists as well as personal details about their personal lives. The group then
went public

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