1. Irrigation
Made And Presented By:-
•Shubhangi
•Abhishek
•Sarthak Explanation
•Raghav
•Anuj
•Rahul Presentation
2. What Is Irrigation?
Traditional Modern
The Process Of Supplying Water To Crop Plants By
Means Of Canals, Wells, Reservoirs, Tube-wells,
other artificial methods is known as irrigation
3. Why is it Employed?
•Water Contains Both Oxygen And Hydrogen, which is essential for their growth and
development.
•Irrigation of crop fields is necessary to provide sufficient moisture for the germination
of seeds.
•Irrigation of crops is essential for the growth and elongation of the roots of the plants.
•Irrigation is necessary to increase the number of aerial branches in plants so as to get
a good crop yields.
•Irrigation is essential for the absorption of nutrient elements by the crop plants from
the soil.
•Irrigation is regular and reliable, as compared to rainfall.
4. Drawbacks Of Over Irrigation
•Breeding places for mosquitoes.
•Ground water table is increased by
impure water.
•Water logging.
•Damp climate.
•Pesticides flow with water and
harm water bodies(aquatic life).
5. Traditional methods
Wells:- There are two types of wells- DUG WELLS & TUBE WELLS.
In a dug well, water is collected from water bearing strata.
Tubewells can tap water from the deeper strata.
From these wells, water is lifted by pumps for irrigation.
Canals:-In this system canals receive water from one or more reservoirs
or from rivers. The main canal is divided into branch canals having
further distributaries to irrigate fields.
River lift system:-In areas where canal flow is insufficient or irregular
due to inadequate reservoir release, the lift system is more rational.
Water is directly drawn from the rivers for irrigation.
Tanks:- These are small storage reservoir, which intercept and store the
run-off of smaller catchments areas.
6.
7. Rahat, Moat, Chain Pump and
Dhekli System
Lever system is a traditional method A moat or pulley system of
of irrigation in which animals like irrigation is one that involves
oxen are used to pull out water from pulling water up from a well or
the wells. This water is then evenly other water source in order to
spread out over the fields. It is cheap water plants and other crops. It is
but not very efficient method of not often in use as it can be time
irrigation. consuming and is not very
efficient.
These use round metal disks attached to Dhekli is a tradition system of
a long loop of metal chain. Each metal irrigation. It is done manually. A
disc runs through a pool of liquid and person has to take out water
some water is collected in it. When the through a bucket and pour it into
the field. This causes a lot of water
chain is pulled, the metal disc rises up to
wastage and now for water scarcity,
the top, and the water held inside pours
people don't use this method of
out, hydrating the earth and flora.
irrigation.
8. Modern Systems
Drip And Sprinkler Irrigation:- Overhead pipes for spraying
water and sprinkler system save a lot of water and are more
natural. They however, require a pumping system. These
methods are very common in U.S.A. , Britain And India.
9.
10. More To Know
Droughts occur because of scarcity or irregular
distribution of rains. Drought poses a threat to
rain-fed farming areas, where farmers do not use
irrigation for crop production and depend only on
rain. Light soils have less water retention capacity.
In areas with light soils, crops get adversely
affected by drought conditions. Scientists have
developed some crop varieties which can tolerate
drought conditions.
