This document discusses various irrigation methods including surface, subsurface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation. It provides details on different types of surface irrigation methods such as flooding, furrow, and contour methods. Flooding methods are further divided into wild flooding with no land preparation and controlled flooding with proper water flow and quantity control. Controlled flooding includes free flooding using field channels, contour lateral flooding along contour lines, border strip flooding using bunds, check flooding dividing plots with checks or bunds, basin flooding around individual plants, and zig-zag flooding using low bunds in a zig-zag pattern.

1. Irrigation methods

3. Surface
Irrigation

4. Sub-surface
irrigation
• Flooding water
underground and
allowing it to come up
by capillarity to crop
roots.

5. Sprinkler
irrigation
• Supply of water
using sprinklers

6. Drip irrigation
• Drip irrigation is a type
of micro-irrigation that
has the potential to
save water and
nutrients by allowing
water to drip slowly to
the roots of plants,
either from above the
soil surface or buried
below the surface.

7. Surface irrigation has three types
• Flooding method

8. Furrow method Contour method

9. Flooding method is of two types
1.Wild flooding: In this method the water is applied by spreading it over
the land prior to the application of water, no land preparations is done in
the form of border or field ditches
2.Controlled flooding :In controlled flooding methods irrigation water
is applied by spreading it over the land to be irrigated with proper control
on the flow of water as well as the quantity of water applied

10. Controlled flooding is of the following types:
• Free flooding: free flooding consists of
dividing the entire land to be irrigated into
small strips byby a number of field
channel.These channels may be at right
angle to sides of field or at right angle to
the contour lines

11. • Contour lateral flooding:This is a special case of free flooding in which
the field channels or laterals are aligned approximately along the contour
lines.

12. • Border strip flooding :In this method, the agricultural area is divided into
series of long narrow strips known as border strips by levees, i.e. small
bunds .This method is suitable when the area is at level with gentle slope

13. • Check flooding :In check
flooding the crop area is
divided into some plots
which are relatively
leveled by checks or
bunds.

14. • Basin flooding :This method is used frequently to irrigate the plantations.
It is a special type of check flooding method
• Each plant is enclosed by circular channels which is called basin. Basins are
connected to small field ditches.

15. • Zig-zag flooding :In this method, the agricultural area is sub-divided into
small plots by low bunds in a zig-zag manner.
• üThe water is supplied to the plots from the field channel through the
openings.