PE and Health

1. COR6C PE and HEALTH (5TH and 6th WEEK MODULE)
Chapter 4
Ballroom Dancing
Specific Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to do the following:
1. Define and describe ballroom dancing.
2. Discuss the nature of ballroom dancing.
3. Know the different dance steps in ballroom dancing.
4. Identify the types of ballroom dances.
5. Know the unique steps and characteristic of ballroom dancing.
6. Identify the worlds of ballroom dancing.
7. Perform various ballroom dances.
8. Discuss the development of ballroom dance.
9. Observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration during the
participation
10. Demonstrate proper etiquette and safety in the use of facilities and
equipment.
Input 4 Ballroom dance
Is a type of social dance (a dance from where sociability or socializing is
the primary focus of performance) that is performed by couples who follow
synchronized and prescribed steps. This type of dance originated in Europe and
the United State of America. As a social dance, ballroom dancing demonstrates
synchronized movements of the dancing couple as if the happiness of the other is
very much important to his or her partner.
The Development of Ballroom Dance
The origin of ballroom dancing can be traced back to the European court
dances – dances performed in front of the royal courts in Europe, with the upper
class royal blood members as audience – of the 17th and 18th century. Performers
of court dances were highly trained to give formal entertainment.

2. Since court dances were performed in royal courts as a means of providing
entertainment to royalty, ballroom dances were originally associated with events
for the elite social classes and for invitational dance assemblies, or evening social
events sponsored by socially respected people and attended by a limited group of
invitees. An indispensable part of these events was the performance – mostly of
dance polka and waltz in live music from operas, ballets, or folk dances – of
ballroom dancers. The normal setup in such assemblies was to alternately perform
faster dances with slower ones. Usual dance formations included circle dancing
and line dancing (or generically known as germans), and other various setups.
However, many of the ballroom dance steps then, although performed in
front of the elites, were adapted from the country or folk dances, which were
ordinarily danced by and for the commoners.
By the late 19th century, the structure of ballroom dance events and styles
significantly changed. There were still organized invitational events, but lengthy
dance sets were organized with alternating round and german dance called
cotillion, a series of short dance segments that resembles social behaviour where
couples present each other souvenirs. Moreover, professional associations were
formed, thereby paving the way for the establishment of steps, patterns, and
musicality as taught by professional dancers.
Types of Ballroom Dances
As a partner dance, ballroom has a variety of dance style. The long history
of this dance has brought diverse styles that couple dances can choose from for a
spectacular performance. Here are the common ballroom dances according to
http://dance .about.com.
1. Waltz is one of the oldest and smoothest ballroom dance styles. It is characterized
by “rise and fall” movements in progressive, long, flowing, continuous turns. Waltz
shows the dancers smoothly gliding on the floor.
Practice waltz by following these basic steps:
Gentlemen’s steps in close
ballroom position:
1. Step forward diagonally with L
foot.
Lady’s steps in close ballroom position:
1. Step backward with R foot.
2. Step backward diagonally with L foot.

3. 2. Step forward diagonally with R
foot.
3. Bring L foot next to R foot.
3. Bring R foot next to left.
Follow the steps facing your
partner.
1. Step R foot sideward.
2. Step L foot in place.
3. Bring R foot loose to the L foot.
4. Repeat the movement to the left
2. Viennese waltz is a dance characterized by simple and elegant rotational
movements with a subtle rise and fall.

4. 3. Cha-cha is a dance style that expresses the passion and energy of the dancers
through flirtatious gestures. The cha-cha is one of the liveliest dance steps in
ballroom. Basic steps include synchronized movements of the dancers while
maintaining alignment.
The following are some of the basic steps of cha-cha.
Gentleman’s steps:
1. Step L foot forward
2. Step in place with R foot.
3. Step L foot to the back, close to the
R foot.
4. Step R foot to the back.
5. Step in place with L foot.
6. Step R foot forward, close to L foot
Lady’s steps
1. Step R foot forward
2. Step in place with L foot
3. Step R foot to the back, close to the
L foot.
4. Step L foot to the back.
5. Step in place with R foot.
6. Step L foot forward, close to R foot
4. Foxrot is a dance style that shows basic walking and side steps with a
combination of slow and quick steps in one two music beats, respectively.
Follow the steps of foxtrot dance style using these illustrations:

5. -
5. Quickstep is essentially the quicker, swifter version of the foxtrot. When you
master foxtrot, you will surely master the quickstep as well.
6. Rumba is a romantic and sensual Latin dance that demonstrates a story of love
and passion. It has a variety of sexy dance steps, making it as one of the sexiest
of the ballroom dances.

6. 7. Tango is an intimate, sensual dance that expresses elements of romantic
between the dancers shown by their synchronized movements. Follow the basic
steps in tango as illustrated below.

7. 8. Samba is a type of ballroom dance that came from Brazil and has a variety of
styles partnered with an assortment of Samba music. While it is usually
performed with a partner, it can also be danced in solo.
9. Paso doble is a dance modelled after the Spanish bullfight. It originated from
southern France.

8. 10. Mambo is an emotional Latin American dance characterized by swaying
movements with sensual facial expressions and arm motions.
11. Lindy hop is a swing dance characterized by its unique athletic style – aerial
jumps, twists, and flips. Swing dance with lots of lifting, spinning, and flipping.
12. Jive is another form of swing dance characterized by lively movements. It
originated from the United States.

9. Basic Positions in Ballroom Dancing
There are nine basic positions in ballroom dancing as explained in dance
.about.com.
Try practicing the following:
One Hand Position Two Hand Hold Outside Right Position
Outside Left Position Promenade Position Shadow Position

10. Skater’s Position Fallaway Position Challenge Position
Source: http://dance.about.com/od/partnerdancesteps/ig/Ballroom-Dance-
Positions/
The Worlds of Ballroom Dancing
Ballroom dancing has three worlds: social, competitive, and exhibition.
Each world varies according to the people for whom the dance is performed. As a
social dance, ballroom dance is performed only for your partner. You do the steps
to both enjoy. Hence, social dance is recreational in nature. The spontaneity of the
steps happens because you want your partner to have fun. Competitive
ballroom, on the other hand, is performed in front of judges who have their own
expectations about the performance. Usually, they watch to see the details of the
steps, looking for correctness, accuracy, and preciseness. Lastly, exhibition
ballroom is done not because there are judges to impress, but to give
entertainment to the audience. Movements and steps are performed to entertain
the audience and to gain their appreciation.
Competitive ballroom dance is different as it is judges based on flair
and precise steps. Judges usually look for standardized movements: hence, the
dancers must be aware of the technical details of their dance. The style must also
be unique but within set parameters.

11. Learning Exercise 4.1
Name: Rating:
Teacher: Time:
Date: Section:
Ballroom Dancing
Critical Thinking
1. Enumerate at least five (5) basic positions in ballroom dancing?
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2. In your own words, define ballroom dance?
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3. Enumerate the world of ballroom dancing?
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12. CHAPTER 5
LARGE GROUP DANCES
Specific Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to do the following:
1. Display a basic historical and social understanding of the role and function
of dance in Philippine culture.
2. Demonstrate proper etiquette in the use of facilities and equipment.
3. Observe personal safety protocol to avoid dehydration, overexertion,
hypothermia, and hyperthermia during MVPA participation.
4. Identify school and community resources in case of an injury or emergency.
5. Engage in MVPAs for at least 60 minutes most days of the week in a variety
of settings in and out of school.
6. Analyze physiological indicators such as heart rate, rate of perceived
exertion, and pacing associated with MVPAs to monitor and or adjust
participation or effort.
7. Participate in an organized event that addresses health/dance issues and
concerns.
8. Show initiative, responsibility, and leadership in dance activities.
9. Recognize health- and dance-related career opportunities.
10.Organize dance events for a target health issue or concern.
Input 5 Festival Dances
History and Background of Fiestas in the Philippines
The Philippines has a rich cultural heritage, and proof of this rich cultural
heritage is the many festivals and fiestas celebrated all overthe country. The roots
of many of these fiestas can be traced back to the Spanish colonial period when
Christianity was spread throughout the country by our Spanish colonizers. Many

13. communities (called barrios) were “assigned” patron saints, and these patron
saints were honoured through festivals.
In the Philippines, fiestas can be cultural, religious, or both. Many of these
fiestas are held to honor or commemorate a patron saint, to celebrate a bountiful
harvest, or to reminisce local history and culture. Holy Masses, parades,
processions, theatrical plays, religious or cultural rituals, traditional dances,
concerts, exhibits, pageants, games and contests, are the usual activities that
mark these festivals.
Festivals in Luzon
Panagbenga Festival
This festival is a month-long celebration that takes place in Baguio every
February. The term panagbenga means “season of blooming.” The festival was
created as a tribute to the city’s flowers and as a way to recover and rise up from
the scourge of the 1990 Luzon earthquake. Among the attractions of the festival
are the parade of flower-covered floats and street dancing performances where
streets dancers wear flower-inspired costumes. Some of the dancers are inspired
by the Bendian, a dance of celebration by the Ibaloi of the Cordillera region.
Fertility Dance at Obando
Popularly known as Sayaw sa Obando, this fertility dance is part of the
Obando Fertility Rites, a festival celebrated annually every May in Obando,
Bulacan. Considered as a Catholic festival, locals and pilgrims dance and sing in
the streets of Obando to honor the town’s three patron saints: San Pascual, Santa
Clara, and Nuestra de Salambao. The fertility dance is popular with pilgrims and
devotees from other provinces, most of whom believe the triad of saints will provide
them a child, a spouse, or simply good fortune. Sometimes dressed in traditional
costumes, devotees joyously dance on the streets as an act of faith and form of
prayer, asking for the favour and provision of the saints to command the spirit of
life to enter the wombs of women.
Festivals in Visayas
Dinagyang Festival
The Dinagyang Festival is a religious and cultural festival held yearly in Iloilo
City. The term dinagyang is an Ilonggo term for revelry or merrymaking. The
Dinagyang Festival is usually held on the fourth Sunday of January but is
sometimes celebrated after the Sinulog festival in Cebu and the Ati-Atihan festival
in Kalibo, Aklan. The celebration honors the Christianization of the natives and
honors the patron saint Santo Nino, whom many Ilonggos believe is miraculous,
especially in times of drought and famine. The main part of the festivity is the Ati
Tribe competition which consists of “warrior” dancers (portraying different tribes),
who usually hold a shield on one hand and spear on another while dancing in
choreographed routines and formations and chanting together amid the loud
cracking of drums. The bodies of these warrior dancers are typically painted in

14. black to imitate the dark-skinned, small, and slender Atis who are the aborigines
of Panay. In addition, they are dressed in colourful Aeta costumes.
Ati-atihan Festival
The Ati-atihan Festival is held annually in January, usually on the third
Sunday, in the island of Kalibo, Aklan. The term ati-atihan means means to “make
believe Ati’s” or “to be like Atis.” According to several history books, the Aetas were
the primary settlers in the Philippine islands, notably in Panay Island where Aklan
is situated. The Ati-atihan was originally a pagan festival for the Aetas who
practiced animism and believed in anitos. When the Malays migrated to the islands
of Panay in the 13th
century, they bought from the Aetas the plains of the islands
with gifts such as brass basins, salakot, bales of cloth, and a long necklace for the
Ati chieftain. This occasion was a cause of celebration for the Aetas, and it became
the inspiration of what is now known as the Ati-atihan Festival.
Later on, this festival was used by the Spanish colonizers to spread
Christianity. The festival is celebrated in honor of the patron saint Santo Nino and
the baptism of the natives into Catholicism. Christians and non-Christians observe
and celebrate this day through religious processions, tribal dance performances –
with the performers wearing indigenous costumes and showcasing traditional
weapons-accompanied by upbeat music and street parades. Moreover, the Ati-
atihan festival is the inspiration of other Philippine festivals such as the Dinagyang
Festival of Iloilo City and the Sinulog Festival of Cebu, both of which are
adaptations of the said festival.
Festivals in Mindanao
Bonok-bonok Maradjaw Karadjaw Festival
This festival takes place annually on September 9 in Surigao City, Surigao
del Norte. The term bonok-bonok literally means “rain” while maradjaw karadjaw
means “very good.” The festival name signifies rain as a symbol of happiness,
prosperity, and good tidings among Surigaonons. This festival is also celebrated
in honor of the city’s patron saint, Senior San Nicolas de Tolentino. Festivities
include street parties, a float parade, and the dancing of bonok-bonok, a ritual
dance of the ethnic tribe Mamanwas, which is usually performed during worship,
thanksgiving, and wedding ceremonies. In this dance, the rhythm usually begins
with a slow beat which slowly becomes faster, making the dancers move at pace
with the music. Colourful costumes such as beaded headdresses or tubaw,
anklets, and bracelets are worn by the female dancers, adding attraction to the
dance.
Kadayawan Festival
The Kadayawan Festival is an annual festival that takes place in the city of
Davao on the third week of August. The name of the festival is derived from a warm
and friendly greeting “Madayaw,” which describes something that is good,
valuable, beautiful, or superior. This festival is a thanksgiving for plentiful bounties
and good harvest. It also celebrates the rich ethnic and cultural diversity of Davao
and Mindanao’s indigenous communities. As a week-long celebration, the

15. Kadawayan Festival includes a variety of street dance performances, most
notably, the Panagtagbo, which is the festival’s grand opening ceremony featuring
performances of the city’s 11 indigenous tribes – Ata, Tagabawa, Ovu-Manuvo,
KlataDjangan, Matigsalug, Kagan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tausug, and Sama
and Iranun.
The Sayaw Mindanaw, a dance competition which features a set of dances
from each of the 11 tribes, is another prominent feature of the Kadayawan Festival.
In Sayaw MIndanaw, the participants are not necessarily members or
representatives of the tribes. Another much anticipated part of the Kadayawan
Festival is the Indak-Indak sa Kadalanan, a colourful street parade that features
graceful dancers wearing colourful costumes and props and dancing to the beat of
drums and ethnic-inspired music.
Festival Dances in Addressing Health and Social Problems
In the previous modules, it had been discussed the many health benefits
one can get from dancing. Festival dances are no different from the other styles of
dancing since some of the routines created and developed for these dances can
be considered as moderate to vigorous physical activities. Thus, engaging in
festival dances can bring about various health benefits – better stamina, improved
flexibility and muscle strength, and optimized cardiac health, among others.
In addition to the aforementioned health benefit, participating in social
group dances can boost one’s self-esteem, develop trust to others, and create a
positive outlook in life for the performer. Furthermore, festival dances can help
develop and maintain the cultural and ethnic identity of Filipinos, which in turn,
can help them become better members of society.

16. Learning Exercise 5.1
Name: Rating:
Teacher: Time:
Date: Section:
Festival Dances
Critical Thinking
1. In your words, why is it important to many Filipinos to celebrate
festivals?
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2. In your own words, define festival dance?
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3. Enumerate Sayaw sa Obando dance?
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17. Learning Exercise 5.2
Name: Rating:
Teacher: Time:
Date: Section:
Festival Dances
Critical Thinking
1. Enumerate the festivals in MIndanao?
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2. In your own words, how do festivals, in general, represent the cultural
and ethnic diversity in the Philippines?
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