The African Urban Research Initiative (AURI) is a network of applied research centres to inform and enhance the policy actors and networks in each African country responsible for urban policy and management. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the fastest urbanizing regions in the world, yet it is the least prepared institutionally to deal with the pressures that will be associated with this process. Development Workshop has participated from the inception of the initiative in Addis Ababa in March 2013 and is one of the three member Steering Committee. The 18 member research centres aim to network together to exchange knowledge, know-how, and expertise to foster a layer of credible and resilient institutions rooted in local realities but engaged with broader trends. The secretariat of AURI is hosted by the Africa Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town. The theme of the Nairobi workshop held on the 18th and 19th of February 2014 was, ‘institutional models of knowledge co-production in the African city’. The workshop probed the notion of ‘co-production’ from an African perspective, and to identify the different models and practices of knowledge co-production that exist and are possible in the African context. Allan Cain made the following presentation on how Development Workshop uses the co-production of urban research to engage with other Angolan non-state actors in ongoing advocacy with public policy makers on: -land tenure and urban land markets, -the informal economy that employs more than half of the population, -housing strategies and finance -economic justice issues, -civil society space and post-conflict peace and reconciliation, -urban transformations and Chinese financing, -urban adaptations to environmental & climate change -community-lead basic services

1. Institutional models of co-production in the African city
The Case of
Development Workshop Angola
Second meeting of the
African Urban Research Initiative (AURI)
Nairobi, Kenya - 18–19 February 2014

2. Co-production of urban research for
evidence-based advocacy
Development Workshop uses the co-production of urban
research to engage with other Angolan non-state actors in
ongoing advocacy with public policy makers on:
• land tenure and urban land markets,
• the informal economy that employs more than half of the
population,
• housing strategies and finance
• economic justice issues,
• civil society space and post-conflict peace and reconciliation,
• urban transformations and Chinese financing,
• urban adaptations to environmental & climate change
• community-lead basic services

3. Angola’s Post-War Urban Challenges
• In four decades of war, millions of
Angolans fled the countryside for the
relative safety of the big cities and their
crowded shantytowns.
• With their meager resources, they built
dwellings on land obtained by mostly
informal mechanisms, often with little
security of tenure.
• Massive destruction of social and
physical infrastructure.
• Rapid urban growth, largely due to the
war continues even after conflict
ended.
• Population growth today fuelled by high
birth rate and movements from centre
to periphery
• 60% are under 18.

4. Research Methodologies & Partners
Qualitative research & household surveys with
semi-structured interviews in peri-urban areas in
capital and secondary cities, using some of the
following tools:
• Poverty assessment on the bases of access to
resources/services and household assets (score-cards)
• Migration histories
• Land access mechanisms & tenure security
• Attitudes in relation to civic & land rights
• Conflict & vulnerability assessment
• Participatory mapping, GIS & remote sensing
• Social media monitoring

5. Geographic Information Systems
Participatory and
spatial mapping
Remote sensing

6. Post-Conflict Informal Economy

7. Informal Economy
& Livelihoods
Research Framework

8. Gender & Informal Economy
Market, Street & Bairro Research
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The most notable feature of the informal market is its
female gender composition, 63.9% of working
women were employed in the informal sector
The informal economy in Luanda employs about 52%
of the province’s work force.
Over half of those are women micro-entrepreneurs.
Research focuses on three forms of informal sector
entrepreneurship:
Home/Bairro Based Enterprises in the (Gendered)
Urban Informal Economy
Urban Marketplace Networks in Transformation
Hawkers (Street Vendors) in Informal Economy

9. Informal Urban Water Market
• The formal para-statal water company can only
deliver piped water to less that 50% of Luanda’s
population.
• An informal water market has emerged that has a
value of more than $250 million per year (2008).

10. Informal Water Market
A complex multi-actor water
market has emerged in Luanda
as a response to the failure of the
state and formal sector to meet
basic water supply needs.
Actors include:
•
•
•
•
River water pump owners
Treated water bulk supplieres (girafas)
Tanker truck bulk suppliers
Private bairro-level cistern owner resellers
• Community water enterprise
associations
• Ambulant water street sellers

11. Water Price Mapping
•
The commercial retail price of water
varies by bairro from $0.15 to $0.60
per 20 litre bucket
•
The bulk wholesale price of water
when sold by tanker truck varies
between $6 to $18 per cubic meter
•
Price to the retailer and consumer
depends on:
•
•
•
distance from the source
quality (untreated river water or treated
water from the treatment plant)
Current demand / shortage / season

12. Poverty and Environmental
Vulnerability in Angola’s Growing
Slums

13. Research Objectives
•
Use action research to better understand
the relationships between poverty and
environmental vulnerability in a first, second
and third tier city in Angola, through five
specific indicator areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
land tenure and land markets
environmental burdens
access to basic services (water and sanitation)
settlement density, demography and
overcrowding
5. housing quality and location

14. Analytical Framework
Research Matrix
Urban Typology >
Level of Urbanisation
1st Tier
Capital City
2nd Tier
Provincial City
3rd Tier
Municipal Town
Luanda
Huambo
Katchiungo
Focus
Urban
Settlements
Vulnerability
Indicators (MDGs)
a) Land Tenure
b) Environmental Burdens
c) Water & Service Access
d) Housing Quality
e) Density & Overcrowding

15. 9030000
9
Participatory Poverty Mapping of
MDGs
Pescadore
Farol Das Lagostas
Bairro Da Paz
Dala Muleba
NGOLA KILUANJE Barro
Sao Pedro Da
Ilha Do Cabo
Kawelele
Anteiro Mulemba
SAMBIZANGA Candua
Porto Pesquerio
Petrangol
ILHA D O CABO
Forno de Cal
Cacuaco Sede
Boa Esperanca
Salinas Imbondeiros
Ecocampo
Chapas
Marconi
Kikolo Sede
Val Saroca
Cemiterio
Nguanha
Encibi Ossos 11 De Novembre Compao
Bandeira
CampismoDa Madeira Cardoso
Ilha
Boa Vista Roque Santeiro
Cardoso Augusto Ngangula
Paraiso
HOJI YA H ENDA
Sao Joao
Mabor
????
Lixeira Santo Antonio
Combustiveis
Miramar
SAMBIZANGA
Chicala I
Mota
Bairro Operario
Bairro Cruzeiro
Sambizanga
KIKOLO
Sao Pedro
Chicala II
Ingombota
C.T.T
Zangado Adriano Moreira
CAZENGA
Saneamento
Praia De Bispo
MARCAL
Paulo
Maianga Sao Marcal
Comandante Bula
Cazenga Popular
KINANGA
Rangel
Coreia (???)
Bairro Azul
RAN GEL
Precol Cazenga Municipal
Nelito Soares Tungango
Catambor
Samba Pequena TERRA NOVA
MAIAN GA Calemba
Policia
Mulemvos
Prenda
Bairro MilitarBairro da Terra Nova
Madame Berma
Tala Hadi
Sagrada Esperanca
Bairro
De Kifangondo Novo Cariango
Cemiterio Anangola
Lourenco Sujo
Samba Grande MartirCassequel Popular
PRENDA
Sarmento Rogrigues
Camuxiba
Cassequel Buraco
Anangola 1
SAMBA
NEVES BENDINHA ???? TALA HAD I Mata
Sector
Vila Da
Cassenda
Sector 3
Cassequel do Banga
Imbondeiro
CASSEQUEL Malanginho We
Sector2
Km 9B
Sagrada Esperanca
Rocha Pinto
12B
Mulemvos
Sector 4 Grafanil
Corimba
PALANCA
Golf I
INGOMBOTA
Ceramica
CACUA
CAZENGA
RANGEL
9020000
No
MAIANGA
ROCHA PINTO vermelha
Terra
Imbondeiro
Sapú
INORAD
Imbondeiro
Bairro do Gamek
Vila de Estoril
Maria Eugenia Neto
Morro Bento I
GOLFE
28 de Agosto Vitoria e Certa
Morro Bento II
Morro Bento I
Weji Maca
Nova Vida
ESTORIL
Kawelele
Cambamba I
Futungo de Belas
Cambamba I
Chimbicato
FUTU NGO
Cambamba I
Cambamba II
Mbondo Chapeu
Futungo de Belas
Camama Sede
Partido
Cidade Universitario
Nova Esperanca
Cabolombo
Mussulo
KILAMBA KIAXI
9010000
MUSSULO
Caop C
Caop A
14B(Cambire)
Vila de Estoril
Ca
Km 9A
12A
Km 14 A Vila Nova
B
A
D
C
E 15
Boa Esperança
1 De Maio (4 de Abril)
Jemba
Luanda Sul
Regedoria
Viana II
500 casas
Bairro chines
Ngola Kiluanje
Chinguar
VIANA SEDE
CAMAMA
Bem Vindo
10 de Dezembro
Nova Esperanca
SAMBA
Nova Esperanca
Tanque Serra
Kikuxi I
Tanque Serra
BENFICA
VIANA
9000000
KM 32
Cateba
Tanque II
Tanque I
Tanque Serra
Zona A Moxico
Agostinho Neto
Quenguela Norte
C
RAMIRO
Casa Branca
Zona A
Mateia II
Faz Sol
Calivoto
Quenguela Norte
Tanque Serra
Guengue
Tanque Serra
8990000
Cass
Vitrona
Palmeirinhas
Terra Nova I
Tombo
Quingolo
Rapado
290000
300000
310000
320000
Quinzenz

16. Findings:
Migration
Demography and
Low expectations of future emigration out of peri-urban areas
Migration from rural areas ins not the main factor for urban
expansion.
The population of the peripheral bairros of Luanda is growing
mainly due to natural population increases and city-internal
migration.

17. Densification & growth in urban periphery
13°20'30"E
13°21'0"E
13°21'0"E
13°21'30"E
13°21'30"E
BAIRRO PARAISO: ANO DE 2009
8°48'0"S
8°48'30"S
8°49'0"S
Numero de casas: 10.856
2006
8°49'30"S
Numero de casas: 5.700
Numero de Habitantes: 22.151
13°21'0"E
34,200
population
13°21'30"E
2008
Numero de Habitantes: 73.000
13°20'30"E
38% Annual
Growth
13°21'0"E
65,136
population
8°49'30"S
8°49'0"S
8°49'0"S
8°49'0"S
8°48'30"S
8°48'30"S
8°48'30"S
8°48'0"S
8°48'0"S
8°48'0"S
8°47'30"S
8°47'30"S
8°47'30"S
8°47'30"S
BAIRRO PARAISO: ANO DE 2006
13°21'30"E
28%
Annual
Growth
2010
106,566
population

18. Density & Overcrowding

20. Environmental Burdens

21. Secure Land Tenure
Indicator of land
tenure security
is the
percentage of
families holding
title documents

22. Findings:
Access to Land
Rapid development of informal markets for the purchase and renting of
land and property
Formal titling is very rare, but levels of perceived tenure security is high
(based on informal documents in Luanda and testimonies in Huambo)
The majority of
peri-urban
residents acquired
their and houses
through informal
mechanisms
and
don't have access
to mechanisms to
regularize their
land.

23. Land Values
2010

25. Findings
• The poor occupy much of the
valuable inner-city land that is
rapidly increasing in value.
• Most of poor families
accumulated savings are tied up
in the land they occupy and the
house they built or purchase.
• More conflicts about land in periurban areas are to be expected
in the future unless occupancy
rights are secured
• Recognising the poor’s tenure is
a strategy for poverty reduction

26. Luanda poverty & environment matrix
INDICATOR 1
Ranking
INDICATOR 2
Ranking
INDICATOR 3
Ranking
INDICATOR
4
Ranking
INDICATOR 5
Ranking
MDG
URBAN
INDICATOR
Secure tenure
Durable
structures
(Building and
roof material)
Access to
safe water
(Source of
water)
Access to
improved
sanitation
Overall
ranking
Settlement Typology
Overcrowding
(People per km2)
Old Urban Centre
1
1
1
1
1
1.0
New Suburbs
1
1
1
1
1
1.0
Bairro Popular
1
1
1
2
2
1.4
Social Housing Zones
1
1
1
2
2
1.4
Owner-built
1
1
1
2
2
1.4
Transitional
musseques
2
2
2
3
3
2.4
Organized
musseques
2
2
2
3
3
2.4
Old musseques
3
3
2
3
3
2.8
Peripheral
musseques
1
3
2
3
3
2.4
Rural Settlements
1
3
3
3
3
2.6
Industrial Zone
n/a
1
1
2
2
1.2
Weighted Average
2.0
2.5
1.9
2.8
2.8
2.4

27. Luanda Poverty Map

28. Implementation of pilot projects

29. Participatory Planning
• Municipal development plans using consultative mechanisms of
involving civil society and residents committees through forums
and local councils in Kilamba Kiaxi, Sambizanga and Cacuaco.

30. Pilot Projects
Objective:
• To test models for
participatory
management of urban
land with simple and
decentralized methods
Interventions:
• Huambo, Benguela,
Cabinda, Lunda Norte
• Recognition of rights
• Demarcation and Titling

31. Advocacy Challenges – Moving to Scale
• Ensure that process of action research and the
results of pilot projects influence Government
policy and development planning.
•
There is a need for DW’s Monitoring and
Research Unit to make the vast amount of
documentary and other resources that DW has,
available to a wider public.
• DW needs to ensure that its work and that of civilsociety partners influence and adapt to the
changing donor environment and remain
sustainable and thus able to continue to play a
role within Angolan civil society in the future.

32. Community Media 2001 - 2014

33. Media & Public Awareness of Land Issue
DW’s CEDOC
monitoring of the
media has
demonstrated
that land issues
and rights have
been clearly
placed in the
public domain
over the last
decade.
SISTEMA NACIONAL DE
INFORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL

34. Dissemination of Lessons
Publication of Results in book “TERRA”

35. Feeding the Public Domain
CEDOC monthly Media Scan
Fevereiro 2007
CEDOC’s Thematic CDs
Media compilation since 2001

36. Outcomes on Influencing
Legislation
DECREE FOR LAND
TENURE
LEGALISATION IN
PERI-URBAN AREAS
The aim is to bring Angolan
land legislation into closer
alignment with international
good practice and to improve
the land tenure rights of
citizens living in peri-urban
districts who risk losing their
assets under the existing law.

37. Development of a Social Media Strategy
• DW is working with Municipal Forums and Community
newspapers in the innovative application of social media.
• Municipal Atlases are being developed for each urban
municipality under the auspices of the Municipal Forums.
• Interactive web sites are being created to
monitor water accessibility by water
associations and committees.
• A real-time GSMA mobile-phone feed is
being piloted in Huambo to provide
monitoring of water access and quality
and make reports to the provincial water
company by consumers.

40. #cazengaH2O
Purpose: Provide an online Facebook
platform for sharing information about
water access in Cazenga and other
basic services and governance
issues.
Features: Google API map with
locations of standpipes and 100- and
200-meter access areas; blog created
by “Ecos do Henda” community
newspaper; comments area to
respond to and discuss blog articles;
twitter feed pulling posts by
@DW_AGUA and any tweet using
#cazengaH2O hash-tag.

41. www.urban-africa-china.angonet.org

43. Obrigado