Extraction of essential oil from orange peel

1. ORANGE AIR FRESHENER AND FACE WASH FROM
EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORANGE PEELS
DEBJIT PARUI
6TH SEMESTER,U.G
B.SC (H) IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
ROLL NO - 21008216022
REG NO -162102410012
INSTITUTE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
GUIDED BY : Dr.Sumita Mondal

2. CONTENTS
 BASICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
 BENEFITS OF ORANGE OIL
 DESCRIPTION MANDARIN ORANGE
 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ORANGE OIL
 AIM OF THE PROJECT
 OBJECTIVES
 OIL EXTRACTION FROM RAW ORANGE PEEL
 OIL EXTRACTION FROM DRY ORANGE PEEL
 CONFIRMATION TEST FOR LIMONENE
1.IODINE TEST , 2. PH TEST
 ORANGE AIR-FRESHENERS
1.BENEFITS OF ORANGE AIR FRESHENERS
2.PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR FRESHNER
3.INGREDIENTS
 ORANGE FACE-WASH
1. BENEFITS OF ORANGE FACE WASH
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FACE WASH
3.INGREDIENTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. BASICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
Essential oils are fatty liquids that
contain esters and other aromatic
compounds that make up the special
scent of a plant. The most prolific
essential oils you see in stores, such
as those extracted from citrus fruits
like lemons and oranges, are usually
abundant in the plant as well.
Oranges, for example, have relatively
high amounts of essential oil when
compared to noncitrus fruits, which
makes them one of the easier fruits1

4. BENEFITS OF ORANGE OIL
2

5. MANDARIN ORANGE
3

6. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ORANGE OIL
The main chemical constituents of orange oil are: limonene,
monoterpene hydrocarbons (β- myrcene and α-pinene),
alcohols (citronellol, geraniol, and linalool), and aldehydes
(neral).
 LIMONENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-oxidant, Stimulant ,Digestive Detoxicant ,Appetite
suppressant etc.
 β-MYRCENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-inflammatory,Analgesic,Anti-biotic,Sedative etc.
 α-PINENE is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Anti-inflammatory ,Anti-septic ,Expectorant etc.
4

7. CITRONELLOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Anti-fungl ,sedative ,anti-viral ,anti-microbial ,anti-
spasmodic etc.
GERANIOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-septic,analgesic etc.
LINALOOL is believed to exhibit the following
activity:
Sedative ,Anti-depressant,Anti-inflammatory ,Anti-
anxiety,Anti-epileptic ,Analgesic
NERAL is believed to exhibit the following activity:
Apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory etc.
5

8. AIM OF THE PROJECT
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
FROM ORANGE PEEL
PRODUCTION OF ORANGE AIR
FRESHENER AND ORANGE FACE WASH
FROM THE EXTRACTED ORANGE
ESSENTIAL OIL
6

9. OBJECTIVES
• Walking in a steps of a research based
study to sharpen the instincts and
experience levels one should have in
the art of innovation and the lab
environment.
• This work is aimed at developing an
economical and indigenous way of
producing air-freshener and face wash
using local plant materials.
• Understanding the process of air-
freshener making and essential oil
extraction.
• Comparative study of various products
made to adequately informed about
their compositions and uses.
• Applying theoretical knowledge of
performing tests to know about the
basic chemistry of the products made
(Limonene Test) 7

10. OIL EXTRACTION FROM RAW ORANGE PEEL
1.Instruments used:
The materials/instruments used
for this work were round bottom
flask, basket heater, distillation
unit, thermometer, measuring
cylinder, conical flask,
separating funnel, gas
chromatograph.
8

11. 2.Sample collection: the
orange peels
samples are
collected from the
local juice vendors.
3.Preparation of orange
peels sample :the
collected sample of
orange peels is
cleaned and pith is
manually separated
from the outer
coloured part of the
peels. That is
because of the
reason that the
majority of the oil in
oil sac present in
them. This is then9

12. 4.Extraction of oil by steam distillation:
The distillation set up is arranged as
shown in.It consists of distillation
flask, basket heater, horizontal
condenser and a conical flask. 100g
of pre-treated orange peels sample
is taken in a distillation flask. To that
200ml of water is added. Heat is
supplied to the distillation unit by
temperature controlled basket
heater.
10

13. At the initial stage, experiment is carried out
at a temperature of 880C for 60 min. Time
period. The distillate is collected in a conical
flask. This distillate has two layers, one dense
layer and other less dense layer. This is then
separated using a separating funnel. The less
dense upper layer is the citrus oil.
The experiments are continued keeping
distillation time and solid to solvent ratio
constant varying the temperature of
distillation at an interval of 20c from 88c to
98c.
In the final phase, experiments are carried out
keeping distillation time and temperature
constant by varying the solid to solvent ratio
from 100g/160ml to 100g/240ml.
11

14. 5. CONCENTRATING AND FILTERING :
12

15. OIL EXTRACTION FROM DRY ORANGE PEEL
1.Assemble your materials : in order to
extract orange oil in a jar, you will need
a mason jar, a zester and some grain
alcohol. Because it is largely tasteless,
vodka works best for creating orange
oil. It will not dilute or overwhelm the
orange scent in the finished oil.
2.Remove the orange peels: the essential oil
in oranges, limonene, is largely found
in the peel. Because of this, you will
want to remove the peels from oranges
before making your oil.You can either
cut the peel from the orange with a13

16. • For best results,
avoid cutting off any
of the pith. This part
of the orange has
very little limonene
and will make your
mixture bitter.
• If you do not have a
zester, you can also
use a microplane, a
vegetable peeler, or
a paring knife.
• The amount of
oranges used can
vary. It depends on
how many oranges
you have or how
much essential oil
14

17. 3.Dry the peels: once you
have removed the peels,
you will need to let them
dry. Place them on a
paper towel and leave
them in direct sunlight
until they are completely
dry. Depending on the
humidity in your area,
this can take a couple of
days. To accelerate the
process, try chopping
the orange peels into
small pieces (2.5 cm).
4.Grind the peels: after the
peels have dried, place
them in a food
processor. Grind them
until they are a coarse
consistency. Avoid over
drying your peels. This15

18. 5.Warm the grain alcohol:
fill a bowl with warm
tap water. It should
be warm but not
overly hot (around 90
degrees fahrenheit or
32 degrees celsius).
Place the bottle of
grain alcohol in the
warm water and let it
soak for about 20
minutes.
6.Cover the peels with
warm grain alcohol and
give them a shake: place
the zested or ground
orange peel in a
mason jar. Pour in
enough alcohol to
completely cover the
orange peels. Once
you have covered the
grinds, secure the lid16

19. 7.Let the mixture sit for one
week: during that time,
you may also want to
shake the mixture two or
three times a day. You
may also consider letting
sit longer than a few
days. The more you shake
it and the longer you let it
sit, the more oil you will
get from your mixture.
8.Strain the mixture: using a
coffee filter or a cheese
cloth, strain the mixture
into a shallow dish. Be
sure to squeeze all of the
liquid into the bowl.
9.Allow the alcohol to
evaporate: cover the bowl
with a cloth or paper
towel and let it sit for a
few days. This will allow
the remaining alcohol in
the mixture to evaporate.
Once the alcohol has
17

20. CONFIRMATION TEST FOR LIMONENE
1.Iodine test :
Iodine test was the
characterization test
for the presence of any
unsaturated compound
in a test sample. On
addition of iodine, the
colorless orange oil
sample extracted by
ISD turned into brown
color. The presence of
limonene and other
aromatic compounds in
the sample was
confirmed. The brown
color is due to the
reaction of iodine with
limonene and other
unsaturated
Oil Of Dry
Orange
Peel
Oil Of
Raw
Orange
Peel
18

21. 2.PH TEST :
The oil samples after distillation of
the pre-heated peels were collected
and subjected for ph analysis using a
ph meter. The ph value of C. Sinensis
and C. Reticulate was found to be
4.67 and4.98 respectively, which are
very much acidic in nature.
19

22. BENEFITS OF ORANGE AIR FRESHENERS BY AFFECTING
MOOD !!
• Smells, whether natural or not, affect
our brain and body chemistry. When
something is inhaled, the molecules
enter into the amygdala, a part of the
brain that controls emotion. Since
these molecules have direct access to
the brain, it’s important to watch
what is inhaled.
• Artificial fragrances may smell nice,
but they can cause damage. The
national resource defense council
tested fourteen air fresheners and
found that most contained chemicals
known to cause hormone imbalance,
birth defects, or reproductive harm.
• Inhaling essential oils, on the other
hand, can affect the mind and mood
in a positive way. Essential oils like
lavender and vetiver are calming,
20

23. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
 APPEARANCE : LIQUID
• ODOUR: CITRUS
• ODOUR THRESHOLD: NOT APPLICABLE
• COLOUR: ORANGE
• PH: 6
• MELTING POINT/FREEZING POINT: -117°C
• INITIAL BOILING POINT AND BOILING RANGE:
78°C
• EVAPORATION RATE: NOT APPLICABLE
• FLAMMABILITY: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
• VAPOUR PRESSURE: NOT APPLICABLE
• VAPOUR DENSITY: NOT APPLICABLE
• RELATIVE DENSITY (WATER = 1): 0.80-0.90
• SOLUBILITY: IMMISCIBLE IN WATER21

24. CITRUS AIR FRESHENER
This blend contains uplifting
orange and lemon essential oils.
Sweet orange essential oil not only
uplifts the mood but also has
potent anti-fungal properties.
Citrus has both antibacterial and
antiviral properties. Citrus further
affects the mood by increasing
alertness and soothing angry
feelings.
Ingredients
 Extracted Orange
Oil from dry orange
peel
 85% ethyl alcohol
 Extracted Orange
Oil Hydrosol(which
was collected at
round bottom flask)
22

25. BENEFITS OF ORANGE FACE WASH
• Natural oils in oranges help to
moisturise skin, providing softer
healthier looking skin for longer.
• Antioxidants found in oranges fight free
radicals which may slow down the
production of wrinkles, and stop
premature aging.
• Oranges have a high content of citric
acid which aids in skin exfoliation and
helps to dry out acne, improving the
overall look of your skin.
• Orange peel has a higher content of
vitamin c than the orange itself, so
grind orange peel and use as a body
scrub in your daily beauty regime for a
healthy looking glow.
• Vitamin c helps the body to form
collagen and elastin which will keep
your skin looking younger and more
supple.
23

26. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• PHYSICAL STATE : LIQUID
• APPEARANCE :LIQUID.
• COLOR :LIGHT ORANGE.
• ODOR : CITRUS.
• ODOR THRESHOLD : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• PH : 5
• RELATIVE EVAPORATION RATE (BUTYL
ACETATE=1) : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• MELTING POINT : 110 - 125 °C
• FREEZING POINT : NO DATA AVAILABLE
• BOILING POINT : > 100 °C
• FLASH POINT : NONE
24

27. CITRUS FACE WASH
It’s a herbal formulation face wash that
keeps your skin refreshed and clean all
day long. This face wash tightens the
skin pores and keeps your skin hydrated
all day long. Get supple and youthful skin
with herbal formula extracts and orange
essential oil.
INGREDIENTS:
 Extracted
Orange Oil
hydrosol(30%
).
 Honey(10%).
 Glycerol(35%)
 Liquid Soap
Base(25%)
25

28. CONCLUSION
After completing this project, an eco-
friendly air-freshener were produced
from easily available materials.
D-limonene, which comprises over 90
percent of orange peel oil, is a
monoterpene that has strong chemo-
preventive activity as it’s been shown
to reduce tumor growth in many
animal studies. Research suggests that
monoterpenes block mammary, skin,
liver, lung, pancreas and stomach
cancers. The ability to fight
carcinogenesis is likely due to the
induction of phase II carcinogen-
metabolizing enzymes, resulting in
carcinogen detoxification.
Monoterpenes also help induce
apoptosis and growth-regulating
proteins. 26

29. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY
HEARTIEST GRATITUDE TO
OUR PRINCIPAL SIR DR. AMIT
CHAKRABORTY & VICE
PRINCIPAL MADAM DR. SUDIPA
CHAKRABORTY AND ALSO MY
RESPECTED MENTOR MADAM
DR. SUMITA MANDOL & OTHER
FACULTIES OF OUR COLLEGE.
WITHOUT THEIR HELP IT
WOULD’NT HAVE BEEN
POSSIBLE TO COMPLETE THIS
TASK!
27

30. REFERENCES
Https://prezi.Com/nwudrnofyf4c/
the-production-of-air-freshener-
using-orange-citrus-sinensi/
Https://steemit.Com/giveaway/@j
oalvarez/giving-away-wild-
orange-essential-oil-giving-
away-health-benefits-of-wild-
orange
Https://draxe.Com/orange-oil/
Https://pubchem.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.G
ov/compound/dipentene#section
=3d-conformer
Https://en.Wikipedia.Org/wiki/citr
us_%c3%97_sinensis
Https://www.Newdirectionsaroma
tics.Com/blog/products/all-28

31. THANK YOU