2- Color each of the homologous bones of the front limb of the mammals.docx

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2. Color each of the homologous bones of the front limb of the mammals, reptiles, and birds illushumerus red, the radius blue, the ulna pink, the homologous structures, even though their functions and overall shapes change slightly from group to group. For example, the arm and hand of a human are similar to, or have homologous bones with, the front limb of a horse, the wing of a bat or bird, or the front limb of a marine reptile. The relative position and structural relationships of the respective bones remain the same, but various types of limbs can be produced by changing the shape of individual bones. This similarity is the result of modification through time to accommodate a particular environment or organic function. 1. Various bones are identified on the skeleton of a human in figure 9.4. Homologize as many of these bones as possible on the skeleton of Dimetrodon (figure 9.3). Dimetrodon is one of the fin-backed, marmal-life reptiles of the Late Paleozoic. FIGURE 9.3 Diagram of a skeleton of the fin-backed Permian reptile, Dimetrodon. Exercise 9 Frid FIGURE 9.5 Diagrams of the forelimbs of eight vertebrate animals. A. Modern seal. B. Cretaceous pterodaccyl. E. Quaternary sabre-toothed cat. C. Modern bat. F. Permian mammal-like reptile, edaphosaur. D. Modern bird. G. Oligocene three-toed horse. H. Jurassic plesiosaur. .

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Squid: mollusc Crab: Arthropods Crayfish: Arthropods Polychaete: Annelids Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the muddy oceanic sediments. Solution Squid: mollusc Crab: Arthropods Crayfish: Arthropods Polychaete: Annelids Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the muddy oceanic sediments..

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