1. DAVID C. FRITZINGER PH.D. PUBLICATIONS
1. Vogel, C-W, and Fritzinger, DC, (2014) “Cobra Venom Factor: The Unique Component of Cobra Venom
that Activates the Complement System.” Toxinology, Snake Venoms, (Gopalakrishnakone, P. ed) ePub
3/15. Springer.
2. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C. Gorsuch, W.B., Stahl, G.L.(2015) “Complement Depletion with Humanized
Cobra Venom Factor: Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Vascular Diseases.” Thrombosis and Haemostasis,
113, 548-552.
3. Vogel, C-W, Finnegan, PW, Fritzinger, DC. (2014) ”Humanized Cobra Venom Factor: Structure, Activity,
and Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Disease Models.” Mol. Immunol. 61, 191-203.
4. Hew, B.E., Wehrhahn, D., Fritzinger, D.C., and Vogel, C.-W.,(2012) “Hybrid Proteins of Cobra Venom
Factor and Cobra C3: Tools to Identify Functionally Important Regions in Cobra Venom Factor.”, Toxicon
60, 632-647.
5. Fritzinger, D.C., Dean, R., Meschter, C., Wong, K., Halter, R., Borlak, J., St. John, W.D., and Vogel, C.-W.
(2010) “Complement Depletion with Humanized Cobra Venom Factor in a Mouse Model of Age-related
Macular Degeneration.”, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 703: 151-162.
6. Vogel, C.-W., and Fritzinger D.C. (2010) “Cobra venom factor: Structure, function, and humanization for
therapeutic complement depletion.” Toxicon 56, 1198-1222..
7. Wang, S.-Y., Veeramani, S., Racila, E., Cagley, J., Fritzinger, D., Vogel, C.-W., St. John, W., and Weiner,
G.J. (2009) “Depletion of the C3 component of complement enhances the ability of rituximab-coated target
cells to activate human NK cells and improves the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy in an in vivo
model.” Blood, 114, 5322-30.
8. Gorsuch, W.B., Guikema, B.J., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., and Stahl, G.L. (2009) “Humanized cobra
venom factor decreases myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.” Mol. Imm. 47, 506-510.
9. Janssen, B.J.C., Gomes, L., Koning, R.I., Svergun, D.I., Koster, A.J., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., and
Gros, P. (2009) “Insights into complement convertase formation based on the structure of the factor B–
CVF complex.” EMBO J. 28, 2469-78.
10. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Thorne, M., Pangburn, M.K., Janssen, B.J., Gros, P., and Vogel, C.-W. (2009)
“Functional characterization of human C3/cobra venom factor hybrid proteins for therapeutic complement
depletion.” Dev. Comp. Immunol. 33, 105-116.
11. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Lee, J.Q., Newhouse, J., Alam, M., Ciallella, J.R., Bowers, M., Gorsuch,
W.B., Guikema, B.J., Stahl, G.L., and Vogel, C.-W. (2008) “Derivatives of Human Complement Component
C3 for Therapeutic Complement Depletion: A Novel Class of Therapeutic Agents.”, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
632, 293-307.).
12. Vogel, C.-W., and Fritzinger, D.C. (2007) “Humanized Cobra Venom Factor: Experimental Therapeutics
for Targeted Complement Activation and Complement Depletion.” Current Pharmaceutical Design, 13,
2916-2926.
13. Fritzinger, D.C. (2005) “Complement Depletion: Use of Human C3/Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) Chimeric
Proteins as Therapeutic Agents.” Hawaii Medical Journal 64, 134-136.
14. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Thorne, M., and Bammert, H. (2004) “Recombinant Cobra
Venom Factor.” Mol. Immunol. 41, 191-199.
15. Kock, M.A., Hew, B.E., Bammert, H., Fritzinger, D.C., and Vogel, C.-W. (2004) “Structure and Function of
Recombinant Cobra Venom Factor.” J. Biol. Chem., 279, 30836-43.
16. McQuiston, J.R., Vemulapalli, R., Inzana, T.J., Schurig G.G., Sriranganathan, N., Fritzinger, D.C.,
Hadfield T.L., Warren, R.A., Lindler, L.E., Snellings, N., Hoover, D., Halling, S.M., and Boyle, S.M. (1999)
“Genetic characterization of a Tn5-disrupted glycosyltransferase gene homolog in Brucella abortus and its
effect on lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence.” Infect. Immun. 67: 3830-3835.
17. Vogel C.-W., Bredehorst R., Fritzinger D.C., Grunwald T., Ziegelmüller P. and Kock M. A. (1996)
“Structure and function of cobra venom factor, the complement-activating protein in cobra venom.” Adv
Exp Med Biol 391, 97-114.
18. Artenstein, A.W., Fritzinger, D.C., Gasser, R.A., Jr., Skillman, L.P., McEvoy, P. L., and Hadfield, T.L.,
(1994) “Infection Due to Mycobacterium haemophilum Identified by Whole Cell Lipid Analysis and Nucleic
Acid Sequencing.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 19, 1155-1157.
19. Friedman, H.D., Hadfield, T.L., Lamy, Y., Fritzinger, D.C., Bonaventura, M., and Cynamon, M.T., (1995)
“Whipple’s Disease Presenting as Chronic Wastage and Abdominal Lymphadenopathy.” Diagn. Microbiol.
Infect. Dis. 23, 111-113.
20. Fritzinger, D.C., Kock, M.A., Grunwald, T., Ziegelmüller, P., Kunze, B., Ollert, M.W., Bredehorst, R., and
Vogel, C.-W. (1994) “Cobra Venom Factor, the Complement-Activating Protein of Cobra Venom: Molecular
Cloning and Derived Primary Structure.” Schlaglichter der Forschung Zum 75 Jahrestag der Universität
Hamburg 1994, (R. Ansorge, Ed.) University of Hamburg Press. pp 565-591.

2. 21. Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. (1994) “Molecular Cloning and Derived Structure of
Cobra Venom Factor.” Proc. Natl. Acad Sci., USA, 91, 12775-12779.
22. Fritzinger, D.C., Connelly, M., Petrella, E. C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. (1992) “Primary Structure
of Complement Component C3 from Cobra Plasma.” J. Immunol., 149, 3554-3562.
23. Brown, N.L., Winnie, J.N., Fritzinger, D.C., and Pridmore, R.D. (1985) “The Nucleotide Sequence of the
tnpA Gene Completes the Sequence of the Pseudomonal Transposon Tn501.” Nucleic Acids Res. 13,
5657-5669.
24. Misra, T K., Brown, N.L., Fritzinger, D.C., Pridmore, R.D., Barnes, W.M., Haberstroh, L., and Silver, S.
(1984) “Mercuric Ion-Resistance Operons of Plasmid R100 and Tn501: the Beginning of the Operon
Including the Regulatory Region and the First Two Structural Genes.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 81,
5975-5979.
25. Brown, N.L., Pridmore, R.D., and Fritzinger, D.C. (1984) “The Mercury-Resistance Genes of Transposon
Tn501: Nucleotide Sequence of the Mer Operon and a Possible Mechanism for Mercury Detoxification.”
Biochem. Soc. Transactions, 604th Meeting, Cambridge, 276-277.
26. Diver, W.P., Grinsted, J., Fritzinger, D.C., Brown, N.L., Altenbuchner, J., Rogowsky, P., and Schmitt, R.
(1983) “DNA Sequences of and Complementation by the tnpR Genes of Tn21, Tn501, and Tn1721.”
Molec. and Gen. Genetics 191, 189-193.
27. Brown, N.L., Ford, S.J., Pridmore, R.D., and Fritzinger, D.C. (1983) “Nucleotide Sequence of a Gene from
the Pseudomonas Transposon Tn501 Encoding Mercuric Resistance.” Biochemistry 22, 4089-4095.
28. Fritzinger, D.C., and Fournier, M.J. (1982) “Carbodiimide Modification Analysis of Aminoacylated Yeast
Phenylalanine tRNA: Evidence for Change in the Apex Region.” Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 2419-2437.
29. Fritzinger, D.C., and Fournier, M.J., (1982) “Chemical Modification Analysis of Ion–Dependent Changes in
the Solution Structure of Yeast Phenylalanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid.” Biochemistry 21, 2118-2127.
30. Potts, R.O., Wang, C.C., Fritzinger, D.C., Ford, N.C., and Fournier, M.J. 1979 “Effects of Aminoacylation
and Solution Conditions on the Structure of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid.” in Transfer RNA: Structure,
Properties and Recognition, Abelson, J., Schimmel, P. and Söll, D. eds. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ,
NY pp. 207-220.
ABSTRACTS:
1. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C. “Humanized Cobra Venom Factor: Development of a Therapeutic Agent
from a Venom Component” Venom Week 2016, March, 2016, Greenville, NC, USA.
2. Rayés, J., Ing, M., Peyron, I., Dimitrov,J.D, Delignat, S., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Fremeaux-Bacchi,
V., Kaveri, S.V., Roumenina, L.T., Lacroix-Desmazes., S. “Complement modulates the immune response
against therapeutic factor VIII in hemophilia A.” European Meeting on Complement and Human Disease.
June 2015 Uppsala, Sweden.
3. Reyés, J., Ing, M., Peyron, I., Dimitrov, J.D., Delignat, S., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Fremeaux-
Bacchi, V., Kavari, S.V., Roumanina, L.T., Lacroix-Desmazes, S. “Complement modulates the immune
response against therapeutic factor VIII in hemophilia A.” ISTH 2015 and 61st Annual SSC Meeting,
June,2015, Toronto, Canada.
4. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C., Ferreira, V.P., Pangburn, M.K., Rayes, J., and Lacroix-Desmazes, S.
“Effect of complement depletion with humanized cobra venom factor in two hematological diseases.”
November, 2014. Second International Symposium on Frontiers in Cardiovascular Research, Universidad
del Mar, Huatulco-Oaxaca, Mexico.
5. Huda, R., Fritzinger, D.C., Finnegan, P.F., Christadoss, P., and Vogel, C.-W. “Experimental Autoimmune
Myasthenia Gravis: Therapeutic Effect of Complement Depletion with Humanized Cobra Venom Factor.”
October, 2014, International Conference on Autoimmunity and Transplantation., Goa, India.
6. Rayes, J., Ing, M., Peyron, I, Dimitrov, J.D., Kelignat, S., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Fremeaux-Bacchi,
V., Kaveri, S.V., Roumenina, L, Lacroix-Desmazes, S. (2014) “Complement Depletion with Humanized
Cobra Venom Factor Reduces the Immune Response against Therapeutic Factor VII in Hemophilia A.”
Mol Immunol 61, 217.
7. Rayes, J., Ing, M., Peyron, I., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Kaveri, S.V., Lacroix-Desmazes, S. (2014)
“Humanized Cobra Venom Factor Exhibits Virtual Absence of Immunogenicity in Mice compared to natural
CVF.” Mol Immunol 61, 255-256.
8. Vogel, C.-W., Hew, B.E., Fritzinger, D.C. (2013) “Intelligent Drug Design from a Venom Component:
Humanized Cobra Venom Factor for Immunotherapy of Diseases with Complement Pathogenesis.” 11th
Pan-American Congress of the International Society on Toxinology/12th Congress of the Brazilian Society
of Toxinology. Guaraja, Sao Aaulo, Brazil.
9. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C., Gorsuch, W.B., Stahl, G.L. (2013) “Complement Depletion with Humanized
Cobra Venom Factor: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Reduce Myocardial Infarction/Reperfusion Injury.”

3. European Society for Cardiology Hawaii 2013: International Symposium on Frontiers in Cardiovascular
Research, Honolulu, Hawaii.
10. Vogel, C.-W., and Fritzinger, D.C., “Complement inhibition by depletion with humanized cobra venom
factor (CVF): An experimental immunotherapy in diseases with complement pathogenesis.” Molecular
Medicine Conference 2012 on Cancer and Inflamation, December, 2012, Bangkok, Thailand.
11. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Vogel, C.-W. (2012) “Recombinant hybrid proteins from cobra venom factor
and human C3: Promising agents for therapeutic intervention in complement-mediated diseases.” 17th
World Congress of the International Society of Toxinology/Venom Week 2012, Honolulu, HI July 2012,
Toxicon 60, 107.
12. Huda, R., Fritzinger, D.C., Finnegan, P.F., Christadoss, P., Vogel, C.-W. (2011) “Complement Depletion
with Humanized Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) Improves the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune
Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG).” Mol. Immunol. 48, 1712.
13. Hew, B.E., Wong, K., Lee, J.Q., Pangburn, M., Vogel, C.-W., and Fritzinger, D.C. (2010) “Understanding
the structural basis of convertase stability: Fine mapping of residues required for CVF-like activity in
human C3/CVF hybrid proteins.” Mol Immunol 47, 2257.
14. Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Damaj, B.B., and Finnegan, P.W. (2010) “An inhibitory role of complement
in monoclonal antibody therapy of lymphoma.” and “Pharmacokinetics of humanized cobra venom factor in
mice.” (Two abstracts presented as one poster) Mol Immunol 47, 2268-2269.
15. Fritzinger, D.C., Dean R., Wong K., Halter R., Borlak J., St. John W., Vogel C.-W. “Complement depletion
with humanized cobra venom factor reduces tissue damage in a mouse model for age-related macular
degeneration.” First International Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology
and Pathology; July, 2009; Aldemar, Crete, Greece.
16. Hew, B.E., Fritzinger, D.C., Lee, J.Q., St. John, W.D., Finnegan, P., Vogel, C.-W. (2010) “Humanized
Cobra Venom Factor: A Tool for Structure/Function Analysis of C3, and for Therapeutic Complement
Depletion.” 10th Pan-American Congress of the International Society of Toxicology, San Jose, Costa Rica.
17. Fritzinger, D.C., Gorsuch W.B., Guikema B.J., Vogel C.-W., Stahl G.L. “Humanized cobra venom factor
decreases myoardial ischemia reperfusion injury.” 6th International Conference on Innate Immunity; June,
2009; Aldemar, Crete, Greece.
18. Vogel, C-W, Fritzinger, D.C. “Humanization of cobra venom factor: Generation of biopharmaceuticals for
therapeutic inhibition of complement in human Disease.” XVI World Congress of the International Society
on Toxicology. Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; 2009.
19. Wang, S.-Y, Cagley, J, Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., St. John, W., and Weiner, G.J. (2008) “Depletion of
the C3 Component of Complement Enhances the Ability of Rituximab-Coated Target Cells to Activate
Human NK Cells and Improves the Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in an in vivo Model.” Meeting
of the American Society of Hematology, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 8-11.
20. Janssen, B.J., Gomes, L., Fritzinger, D.C., Vogel, C.-W., Meeldijk, H.M., Svengun, D., Koning, R., Koster,
A., and Gros, P. (2008) “Structure of factor B in complex with cobra venom factor gives insights into
convertase formation.” Mol. Immunol. 45, 4096 (XXII International Complement Workshop, Basel,
Switzerland).
21. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Lee, J.Q., St. John, W., Scaife, M., Wilson, S., and Vogel, C.-W. (2008)
“Human C3/cobra venom factor hybrid proteins for therapeutic complement depletion: in vivo activity and
lack of toxicity in primates.” Mol. Immunol. 45, 4112 (XXII International Complement Workshop, Basel,
Switzerland).
22. Hew, B.E. Lee, J.Q., Awakuni, J., Fritzinger, D.C., and Vogel, C.-W. (2008) “Human C3/cobra venom
factor hybrid proteins for therapeutic complement depletion: Fine mapping of structure/function
relationships.” Mol. Immunol. 45, 4120 (XXII International Complement Workshop, Basel, Switzerland).
23. Fritiznger, D.C., Ferreira, V., Hew, B.E., St. John, W., Pangburn, M.K., and Vogel, C.-W. (2008) “A novel
concept for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH): Complement depletion with a
human C3 derivative with cobra venom factor-like activity prevents lysis of PNH erythrocytes.” Mol.
Immunol. 45, 4177 (XXII International Complement Workshop, Basel, Switzerland).
24. Vogel, C.-W., and Fritzinger, D.C. (2007) “Cobra venom factor: From a quirk of nature to a new class of
anti-inflammatory agents.” 9th Pan-American Congress of the International Society on Toxinology,
Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico, October 21-25, 2007.
25. Hew, B.E., Lee, J.Q., Fritzinger, D.C. and Vogel, C.-W. (2007) “In vivo complement depletion by a human
C3/cobra venom factor hybrid protein (humanized CVF): Implications for its use for therapeutic
complement depletion.” 4th International Workshop on Complement Associated Disease, Animal Models
and Therapeutics, Porto Heli, Greece, June 10-15, 2007.
26. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Lee, J.Q., and Vogel, C.-W. (2007) “Human C3/Cobra venom factor hybrid
proteins for therapeutic complement depletion: in vivo activity and fine mapping of important domains.” (XI
European Meeting on Complement and Disease, Cardiff, Wales) Mol. Immunol.

4. 27. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Janssen, B.J.C., Gros, P., and Vogel, C.-W. (2007) “Location of amino acid
residues important for cobra venom factor function mapped on the three-dimensional structure of
complement components C3 and C3c.” (XXI International Complement Workshop, Beijing, China) Mol.
Immunol. 44, 172.
28. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Pangburn, M.K., Janssen, B.J.C., Gros, P., and Vogel, C.-W. “Human
C3/Cobra Venom Factor hybrid proteins with potential therapeutic applications.” X. European Meeting on
Complement in Health and Disease, September 9-13, 2005, Heidelberg, Germany.
29. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Pangburn, M, and Vogel, C.-W. (2005) “Generation of human C3 derivitives
with CVF –like function for therapeutic complement depletion.” EB2005, April 2-6, 2005, San Diego, CA.
30. Vogel, C.-W., Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., and Thorne, M. (2004) “Generation of ’humanized cobra venom
factor‘ for therapeutic complement depletion.” Third International Conference on Innate Immunity, Crete,
Greece, Oct 10-15, 2004.
31. Hew, B.E., Thorne, M., Fritzinger, D.C., and Vogel, C.-W. (2004) “Humanized Cobra Venom Factor
(CVF): Generation of Human C3 derivitives with CVF-like function.” Mol. Immunol. 41, 244.
32. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Thorne, M., and Vogel, C.-W. (2004) “Functional Characterization of Cobra
Venom Factor/Cobra C3 Hybrid Proteins.” Mol. Immunol. 41, 230.
33. Bammert, H., Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., Nonaka, M., and Vogel, C.-W. (2004) “A Phylogenetic
Study of the Presence of Intron 31 in the Complement C3 Genes of Vertebrates.” Mol. Immunol. 41, 206.
34. Fritzinger, D.C., Hew, B.E., Wehrhahn, D., and Vogel, C.-W. (2003) “Functional Characterization of Cobra
Venom Factor/Cobra C3 Hybrid Protein.” Mol. Immunol. 40, 199.
35. Garcia, A.F., Fritzinger, D.C., Rayber, M., Vogel, C.-W., and Hew, B. (2002) “Experssion and
Characterization of Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) and CVF-Hybrid Proteins.” Annual Biomedical Research
Conference for Minority Students, New Orleans, LA.
36. Bammert, H., Kunze, B., Li, Y., Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W.” Structure of the Cobra
Venom Factor (CVF) Gene and Comparison with the Human C3 Gene.” XIX International Complement
Workshop, Sept. 2002, Palermo, Italy.
37. Bammert, H., Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. “Cobra Venom Factor is a Member of a
Multi-Copy Gene Family in Cobra.” XIX International Complement Workshop, Sept. 2002, Palermo, Italy.
38. Bammert, H., Kunze, B., Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., Andra, J., and Vogel, C.-W. “Initial
Characterization of the Cobra Venom Factor Gene.” XVIII International Complement Workshop., July,
2000., Salt Lake City, UT.
39. Wehrhahn., D., Meiling, K.M., Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., Andra, J., and Vogel., C.-W. “Analysis of
the Structure/Function Relationships of Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) and C3: Generation of CVF/Cobra-C3
Hybrid Proteins.” XVIII International Complement Workshop., July, 2000., Salt Lake City, UT.
40. Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. (1992) “Complete Sequence of Two Different Cobra
Venom Factor cDNAs.” FASEB J., 4, A1453.
41. Fritzinger, D.C., Petrella, E. C., Bredehorst, R. and Vogel, C.-W. (1991) “Complete Structure of Cobra
Complement Component C3 mRNA.” Complement and Inflammation, 8, 152.
42. Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. (1991) “Sequence Analysis of Cobra Venom Factor
mRNA Reveals the Existence of Two Different mRNA Species.” Complement and Inflammation, 8, 152.
43. Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C.-W. “Complete Structure of Cobra Complement
Component C3 mRNA.” XIV International Congress of Biochemistry, Jerusalem, Israel, August, 1991.
44. Fritzinger, D.C., Connelly, M.B., Petrella, E. C, Bredehorst, R., and Vogel, C-W. (1990) “Molecular
Cloning of Cobra Venom Factor and Cobra C3: Structural Homology with Human C3.” FASEB J. 4,
A1903.
45. Fritzinger, D.C., Bredehorst, R. and Vogel, C.-W. (1990) “Molecular Cloning of Cobra Venom Factor and
Cobra Complement Component C3: Structural Homology with Human C3.” Sixth Pan-American
Biochemistry Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil.