Description of the development, opportunity and extensive verification test plan performed to bring this amber OLED device to market.

1. Amber OLED Lighting Technology
Development and Application
David Lee, Jeffrey Spindler, Marina Kondakova, Anatole Pleten,
Michael Boroson
SID Display Week
May 23, 2017

2. Outline
2
 Introduction and Background
 Non-Visual Effect of Lighting
 Amber Performance
 Reliability and Lifetime
 Future improvements & Acknowledgements

3. OLEDWorks LLC
3
About our company:
 OLED lighting manufacturer based in Rochester, NY and Aachen, Germany
 Founded in 2010 by Kodak OLED experts
 Acquired Philips OLED lighting business in 2015
 Combination of 2 world class teams with 2 unique manufacturing lines
 70 worldwide OLED experts, > 400 years of OLED experience
Target markets:
 Architectural, Commercial, Healthcare lighting
 Residential lighting
 Adjacent markets: transportation, appliances, etc.
Products launched as OLEDWorks LLC and subsidiary OLEDWorks GmbH:
 Lumiblade Brite 2 – 60 lm/W, 3000K and 4000K, > 90 CRI, 300 lm/panel,
>50,000 hour LT70 @ 3000cd/m2
 Keuka OLED module
 See www.oledworks.com for complete current product offerings

4. Our Vision
In 10 years we believe that we will find only Solid State Lighting being installed, is shared
between LED and OLED.
The lighting applications where OLED will be the favored are:
DKB Offices – DOE Gateway
 Applications that are close to the
user
 Low glare, low temperature,
broad spectrum – e.g. office
above
 Applications using the unique form
factor of OLEDs: Thin and light
weight – for example transportation
 Our buying decisions are strongly
affected by design with special
design elements such as curved
lights in development

5. DKB Offices – DOE Gateway

6. Non-Visual Effect of Lighting
http://fhsapbiology.weebly.com/circadian-rhythm.html
Blue light:
Human circadian system is most sensitive to blue light;
Is beneficial during day: boosts alertness, attention, mood;
Disrupts circadian rhythm (potent suppressor of melatonin production) at night;
Nighttime light exposure is linked to cancer, diabetes, depression, cardiovascular problems.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side
http://www.livescience.com/53874-blue-light-sleep.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734149/
Circadian rhythms control the timing of many
physiological processes. They determine sleeping
and feeding patterns, brain activity, hormone
production and cell regeneration.
Amber lighting = free of blue wavelengths

7. Amber OLED Structure
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Tandem (2-stack)
structure
High-efficiency
phosphorescent (PH) red
and green emitters
Low voltage architecture
and materials
CGL optimized for low
voltage and voltage
stability
Result of multiple
statistically designed
experiments

8. Benefit of Stacking
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Parameter Device (a) Device (b)
Luminance (cd/m2) 1200 2000
Voltage (V) 6.0 6.0
Efficiency (cd/A) 15 110
Efficacy (lm/W) 7 60
CIEx,y 0.56, 0.43 0.56, 0.43
T70 Lifetime (hours) 25,000 25,000
 Uniformity was a
challenge because of
low luminance
requirement
 The formulation was
adjusted to raise the
voltage and thereby
lower the slope of
the IV curve to
increase uniformity

9. Amber OLED Performance
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At 2000 nits (2 mA/cm2):
Amber OLED operates at 6V with power efficacy ~60 lm/W

10. Qualification Testing
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 Development of the amber product utilized extensive reliability
and qualification testing including advanced statistical
methodologies to ensure a robust product with excellent quality
 Accelerated Fade
 Early Life Failure Testing
 Environmental Torture
Tests
 Thermal Cycling
 85C/85%RH
 Cold Storage
 Shock, Vibration & Altitude
 Frequent Radiometry &
Visual Assessment

11. Lifetime Estimation & Accelerated Fade
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 Devices are continually monitored for radiance loss. This provides constant insight into the
behavior of each device. Devices with abnormal curve shapes can be removed and failure
analysis performed.

12. Estimating Time-to-Failure (TTF)
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 Predicted failure times at each current density can be
estimated through the use of a nonlinear equation
proven to correlate well with OLED degradation life.

13. Weibull Probability Plot
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 Visual inspection shows the slopes at
each current density to be approximately
equal.
 This supports the desire to not
induce any additional or new failure
modes.
 Statistical tests (not shown) further
support the hypothesis of
equivalent slopes
 The slope is directly related to the failure
rate; therefore, we assume same failure
rate, at each current density – although
different onsets times – and make
predictions at use conditions

14. Predicted Hours to T(70) by Current Density
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 Models of varying complexity were
analyzed and statistically compared
 The ‘best’ model was a simple
parametric survival regression
 Extrapolation to 2 mA/cm2 project to
>25k hours
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
5 6 7 8 9 10
Current Density
Curves are fitted .1 .5 and .9 quantiles as a function of the regressor

15. CIE x & y and Spectral Power Distribution
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Amber SPD has no emission below
500 nm = free of blue wavelengths

16. Dimensionality Reduction
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 Principal Components and Partial Least
Squares are multivariate analyses
techniques to derive linear combinations or
latent factors of measured variables (i.e.,
wavelengths) that capture as much of the
variability in the original responses as
possible
 Method for handling ‘wide’ data sets and
correlated responses instead of reporting a
single set of numbers (CIE x & y)
 A PLS model was employed that reduced
the dimensionality to 4 significant factors
with each factor revealing unique insights
that may have been overlooked if only
univariate statistical methods were
employed.
 For example the 4th factor might be viewed
as noise but really it explains subtle
contributions that affect color point and an
expansion of the color gamut.

17. Brite Amber Data Sheet
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18. Summary
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 A second generation phosphorescent amber product
with equivalent lifetime and greatly improved
efficacy was developed
 The amber spectrum is free of blue emission thereby
promoting circadian rhythms making this an ideal
application for healthcare markets
 Extensive verification testing was performed to
ensure a high quality, repeatable and robust device

19. Acknowledgments
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 All OLEDWorks colleagues that contributed to this
work
 Partial funding from:
• NYSERDA award 34928
• Pending NYSERDA award #####
 Universal Display Corporation for phosphorescent
OLED materials and technology
 JMP statistical discovery software for opportunity
to Beta test and provide input on new platforms

20. Thank You & Questions!
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21. Appendix
sis 21

22. 22sis

23. Color
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24. sis 24