The document discusses latitude, which are lines that run east to west around the Earth and are also known as parallels. The most well-known parallel is the equator, which divides the Earth into two equal hemispheres. Latitudes and longitudes make up the system of geographical coordinates, with latitudes running east-west and longitudes running north-south. The document also mentions the compass and PAGASA, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, but does not provide any details about them.