All about production technology of gerbera.

1. STI 06STI 06 11
GERBERAGERBERA
= herbras –= herbras – Gerbera jamesoniiGerbera jamesonii
- As Ornamental Plant and cut flower- As Ornamental Plant and cut flower
Perennial plant ,Perennial plant ,
Origin from South AfricaOrigin from South Africa
famili Compositaefamili Compositae

2. STI 06 2
 Produce divisions and floweringProduce divisions and flowering
continously everytime from old clumpcontinously everytime from old clump
secara bergantiansecara bergantian
 High can reach until 50 cm, rootHigh can reach until 50 cm, root
spread (serabut)spread (serabut)
 Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelahSingle Leaf, roset shape, bercelah
tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, floweringtidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering
at tip of the stem, long stalk.at tip of the stem, long stalk.
 berbentuk cakramberbentuk cakram

3. STI 06 3
 Petal of Flower havePetal of Flower have
similarity withsimilarity with
kumpulan pitakumpulan pita
tersusun rapitersusun rapi
membulatmembulat
 Each of stalk,various,Each of stalk,various,
red, pink, yellow,red, pink, yellow,
krem dan orangekrem dan orange

4. STI 06 4
There are 3 structure petal of GerberaThere are 3 structure petal of Gerbera
flower:flower:
 SingleSingle : petal of flower – only 1 layer,: petal of flower – only 1 layer,
usually single ( white, red and yellow )usually single ( white, red and yellow )
 DoubleDouble : petal of flower consist of 2 layer: petal of flower consist of 2 layer
 various flower, more than 1 colour .various flower, more than 1 colour .
 TripleTriple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer: petal of flower consist of 3 layer
 the colour more than 2 colour.the colour more than 2 colour.

5. STI 06 5
Growth RequirementGrowth Requirement
 Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal inVegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in
the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dplthe altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl
 Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27
00
C, minimum 16C, minimum 1600
CC
 Fertile soil, rich organic material, haveFertile soil, rich organic material, have
good aeration and porous.good aeration and porous.
 pH 5.5 – 6, soilpH 5.5 – 6, soil  must have good Watermust have good Water
Holding CapacityHolding Capacity
 Add gambut atau pukan yang telahAdd gambut atau pukan yang telah
terdekomposisiterdekomposisi

6. STI 06 6
Cultivation ofCultivation of
PlantPlant
 Seed and Propagation ofSeed and Propagation of
PlantPlant
 Field CultivationField Cultivation
 PlanttingPlantting
 Re-plantingRe-planting
 WateringWatering
 Weeding danWeeding dan
penggemburanpenggemburan
 DefoliationDefoliation
 FertilizingFertilizing
 Handling of Pest andHandling of Pest and
DiseaseDisease
 Harvest and Post HarvestHarvest and Post Harvest

7. STI 06 7
Seed and Propagation of PlantSeed and Propagation of Plant
 Seedling should be have same sizeSeedling should be have same size  agaragar
tumbuh serempaktumbuh serempak
 Free from pest and disease ,Free from pest and disease ,
 Provided with prosperous enoughProvided with prosperous enough
 Seedling from tissue cultureSeedling from tissue culture  Commercial forCommercial for
breederbreeder  from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV,from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV,
Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de KwakelPresman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel
BVBV
 Generatif propagationGeneratif propagation  for pot plant orfor pot plant or
vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpangvegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang
divisions from mother plant that healthy and thedivisions from mother plant that healthy and the
age up to 1,5 yearsage up to 1,5 years
 The young divisionsThe young divisions  not produce generatifnot produce generatif
shoot yet.shoot yet.

8. STI 06 8
 Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3
leafleaf
 Pulse and place for few minute inPulse and place for few minute in
Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15
minuteminute
 For stimulate the rootFor stimulate the root  used Rootone Fused Rootone F
( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )

9. STI 06 9
 Planting to the row, with mix media SoilPlanting to the row, with mix media Soil
: pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x: pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x
5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm
( for bigger varieties )( for bigger varieties )
 Drench 1 – 2 / dayDrench 1 – 2 / day  see the weathersee the weather
conditioncondition
 Ready to plantingReady to planting  age’s 3 – 4 weeksage’s 3 – 4 weeks
when have 12 new leaves andwhen have 12 new leaves and
root 3 – 5 cmroot 3 – 5 cm

10. STI 06 10
Cultivation the fieldCultivation the field
 Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before plantingCultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting
 cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soilcangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil
structure fertile enoughstructure fertile enough
 Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and theMake row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the
distance between row 50 cmdistance between row 50 cm
 Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 –Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 –
3 m3 m33
/100m/100m22
– mix until complete– mix until complete
 1 weeks before planting1 weeks before planting + Urea 40 g, TSP+ Urea 40 g, TSP
60g and KCl 75g per m60g and KCl 75g per m22
 Soil sterilization with basamid or steamingSoil sterilization with basamid or steaming

11. STI 06 11
PlantingPlanting
 Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the rowPalnting with 40 cm between outside of the row
and 30 inside rowand 30 inside row
 Plant hole : 1 cangkulanPlant hole : 1 cangkulan
 Planting all of rootPlanting all of root  leher akar tertimbunleher akar tertimbun
tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atautanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau
diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkandiluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan
horisontal didasar lubanghorisontal didasar lubang  early morning orearly morning or
afternoonafternoon  drench / watering it.drench / watering it.

12. STI 06 12
 ReplantingReplanting
 Replanting not more than 30Replanting not more than 30
days in the morning ordays in the morning or
afternoon.afternoon.
 WateringWatering
 Normal condition : require 6Normal condition : require 6
liter/hr/mliter/hr/m22
 Before the initiation ofBefore the initiation of
floweringflowering  can appliedcan applied
overhead sprinkler, afteroverhead sprinkler, after
thatthat  can use drip irigationcan use drip irigation

13. STI 06 13
Weeding dan penggemburanWeeding dan penggemburan
 Weeding to reduce the competition betweenWeeding to reduce the competition between
plant and weed.plant and weed.
 Penggemburan to increase the soil porosityPenggemburan to increase the soil porosity  toto
make better aerase & drainase.make better aerase & drainase.
 Weeding and penggemburan biasanyaWeeding and penggemburan biasanya  do itdo it
all together dengan pembubunan to make mainall together dengan pembubunan to make main
stalkstalk  in surface of soil.in surface of soil.

14. STI 06 14
DefoliationDefoliation
 Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted orPut off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or
infected pest and diseaseinfected pest and disease
 Do it together with penjarangan rumpun.Do it together with penjarangan rumpun.
Crowded clumpCrowded clump  invite the pest and diseaseinvite the pest and disease
 flower has decreasing qualityflower has decreasing quality  smallersmaller
stem and size of flower smaller too.stem and size of flower smaller too.

15. STI 06 15
FertilizingFertilizing
 Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizerOrganic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer 
re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2
 Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after plantingPlant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting  200g Urea,200g Urea,
100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3
liter/mliter/m22
– watering the row once a week.– watering the row once a week.
 After the age 2 month moreAfter the age 2 month more  10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per
plant and 7 gram MgSOplant and 7 gram MgSO44 / m2 sowing surrounded the/ m2 sowing surrounded the
plantplant  application 1 yearsapplication 1 years  once timeonce time
 Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10
lliter foliage fertilizer/m2lliter foliage fertilizer/m2
 Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 withGreen Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with
consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotationconsentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation
 Atonik 1cc/10 l waterAtonik 1cc/10 l water  applied together with vitabloom,applied together with vitabloom,
to stimulate root and leave growth .to stimulate root and leave growth .

16. STI 06 16
 Handling Pest andHandling Pest and
DiseaseDisease
 Tungau, kumbang,Tungau, kumbang,
ulat, kutu daun,,ulat, kutu daun,,
thrips, belalang, siputthrips, belalang, siput
 Penyakit Bercak daunPenyakit Bercak daun
Coreospora, kapangCoreospora, kapang
kelabu, tepungkelabu, tepung

17. STI 06 17

18. STI 06 18
Harvest and Post HarvestHarvest and Post Harvest
 11stst
flower and 2flower and 2ndnd
flower (3 – 5 monthflower (3 – 5 month
after planting )after planting )  put off because <put off because <
standar, more than 6 monthstandar, more than 6 month  betterbetter
qualityquality
 ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest
and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benangand have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang
sarisari
 Harvest with hand, the method : PanenHarvest with hand, the method : Panen
dengan tangan dengan cara memutardengan tangan dengan cara memutar
dan pull off – pulse into the water anddan pull off – pulse into the water and
placed in the shade place.placed in the shade place.
 Per clumpPer clump  produce 5 – 15 kuntum/produce 5 – 15 kuntum/
years or 35 – 105 kuntum per myears or 35 – 105 kuntum per m22

19. STI 06 19
Harvest :Harvest :
 Sortiage < 40 cm pull offSortiage < 40 cm pull off
 > 40 cm good flower, free> 40 cm good flower, free
from pest and disease,from pest and disease,
fresh and each of flowerfresh and each of flower
wraped by paperwraped by paper
berbentuk kerucut, ikatberbentuk kerucut, ikat
per 10 tangkai – wrapedper 10 tangkai – wraped
paper.paper.
 For delivery outside cityFor delivery outside city
and exportand export  packing inpacking in
special kardusspecial kardus
 ditata mendatar danditata mendatar dan
rtangkai sejajar, tangkairtangkai sejajar, tangkai
diberi tabung plastik yangdiberi tabung plastik yang
berisi airberisi air

20. STI 06 20