2. Infusion pump
Abstract: To study various Modules and functioning of the
Infusion Pump.The working principle of the peristaltic pump was
studied in detail.
Introduction:An infusion pump is a medical device used to
deliver fluids into a patient’s body in a controlled manner. There
are many different types of infusion pumps, which are used for a
variety of purposes and in a variety of environments.As the gravity
drop cannot be used for very small flow rates, which are less than
0.1ml/hr., and hence the infusion pump is used .Because they can
also produce quite high but controlled pressures, they can inject
controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously, or epidural, they are
of importance in the medical field.It performs a highly controller
process with various sensors present in it.
Tool Required:Hand , Screw Driver of Different sizes.
Experimental Procedure:The Casing has been removed by
taking of corresponding screws.As the casing was opened, the
instrument was opened in to two halves. The cables or the wires
connection the two halves were removed for easy dissection.The
mother board has been removed .
3.
4. The electronics of the device was observed and the CPU’s were
identified and also the ADC converter, Input/output handlers
were observed.Then the powering module of the system is
opened using the screw driver set and the various parts of the
module were observed.
5. The battery was of 12V, 3.2Ah which has a 6 hours run time and
also the fuse provided to prevent fluctuations inside the
component was observed.
The instrument also had a facility to fix it to a vertical rod which
helps it to hold still in the hospitals and also when in use.The
6. working of the occlusion sensor and also the air bubble detector
was studied in detail.
Discussion : If any hardware problem in the system ,its not
necessary to open all the infusion pump body.we can set it with
service port.Two occlusion sensor and one air bubble sensor at
one side and vice versa at the other side.There are master CPU
and Slave CPU.The lower mother board has Six HD61602 IC .The
two mother board has been connected to two PCB’s.VTBI-Volume
to be Infused.We have been find out the Impedance of Air and
Water.
Functional Structure:
7. Geometric Layout:
History:One of the greatest technological advances in the
medical field has been that of intravenous medicine-the
ability to feed, hydrate, medicate and replace blood lost in
sick and injured patients directly, through the use of needles.
Leading the ability to perform all these functions are infusion
pumps. These devices deliver controlled amounts of
nutrition, blood and medication directly to a person's
circulatory system, where it has the best, most immediate
effect on recovery. They can also deliver medicine just under
the skin, or directly to the central nervous system, such as
when a woman has epidural anesthesia when in
labor.Although the first recorded attempt at intravenous
medicine dates to 1492, this branch of medical science
8. gained real momentum in the 17th century. The first working
IV infusion device was invented by the famous English
architect Christopher Wren in 1658.Soon afterward, medical
scientists conducted ever increasing experiments with
administering drugs and fluids intravenously. Better needles
were developed, which led to the first successful blood
transfusion in 1665. Unfortunately, these early experiments
also led to some deaths and as a result the British
government, the French Parliament and the Vatican all
banned blood transfusions-bans that lasted for a hundred
years and effectively halted progress in intravenous medical
study.When the bans were lifted, however, progress
resumed at a rapid pace. The key elements of intravenous
transfusion which are still observed today were established:
a slow infusion process, awareness and prevention of risks
from air embolism, and avoiding volume overload. Early in
the 19th century, early prototypes of infusion pumps were
invented to help control the rate of flow during intravenous
procedures.The 20th century saw huge advances in
intravenous medicine including IV pumps. The two World
Wars spurred medical advances across the board - needles
were refined, rubber tubing was replaced by plastic, and
vacuum bottles that reduced the risk of air embolism were
designed. Vacuum bottles themselves were replaced by
plastic bags in the 1950s.One of the major developments in
infusion pumps was the invention in the early 1970s of a
wearable infusion pump, by Dean Kamen. Kamen's brother
was a doctor, and complained that the infusion pumps of the
day were too unwieldy. As a result, Dean Kamen invented
the first ambulatory pump. It not only gave patients freedom
to move when receiving treatment, it meant they could
receive their medication on an outpatient basis. This
advancement was a godsend to patients, such as diabetics,
9. who need round the clock injections. Kamen's pump also
automatically administered precise doses at regularly timed
intervals, ushering in many advances in infusion pumps and
other medical equipment, such as portable dialysis
machines.Medical equipment today includes ambulatory
pumps that allow the patient to self-minister doses of
medication. Today's infusion pumps also sound alarms if
power to the pump runs low, if the line gets kinked, or if the
bag or syringe runs low or has pressure applied to it. Some
pumps even come with built-in drug libraries and guidelines,
and they maintain an electronic record of all alerts. These
pumps can link to a hospital's information system, showing a
constant stream of information to medical staff.The
technological advances in infusion pumps during the past
forty years have transformed the treatment of patients in
hospitals, as well as afforded the ability to receive treatment
while going about their daily lives. These pumps insure that
patients receive the best care.
Improvements Possible: Can decrease the size of the infusion
pump. And also the size of the body.The weight of the complete
system can be reduced so as to use it while going from place to
place.We can use a more capacity battery.
Summary: The infusion has been dissected to understand its
design and identify its components.Functioning of the infusion
pump
