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Hindu concept of creation of the universe .
1. Hinduism
Many Paths to One God
The Hindu tradition perceives the existence
of cyclical nature of the universe and
everything within it. The cosmos follows one
cycle within a framework of cycles. It may
have been created and reach an end, but it
represents only one turn in the perpetual
"wheel of time", which revolves infinitely
through successive cycles of creation and
destruction. Within this cycle of creation and
destruction of the universe, the soul
(atman) also undergoes its own version of
cycle called samsara, the cycle of rebirth in
which individual souls are repeatedly
reincarnated.
In the beginning there was neither existence
nor non- existence; there was no
atmosphere, no sky, and no realm beyond
2. the sky. What power was there? Where was
that power? Who was that power? Was it
finite or infinite?
There was neither death nor immortality.
There was nothing to distinguish night from
day. There was no wind or breath. God
alone breathed by his own energy. Other
than God there was nothing.
In the beginning darkness was swathed in
darkness. All was liquid and formless. God
was clothed in emptiness.
Then fire arose within God; and in the fire
arose love. This was the seed of the soul.
Sages have found this seed within their
hearts; they have discovered that it is the
bond between existence and non-existence.
Who really knows what happened? Who
can describe it? How were things
produced? Where was creation born? When
the universe was created, the one became
many. Who knows how this occurred?
Did creation happen at God's command, or
did it happen without his command? He
3. looks down upon creation from the highest
heaven. Only he knows the answer -or
perhaps he does not know.
Rig Veda 10:129.1-7
The Hindu mythology gives several
processes of creation of the universe.
The world came into being through the
dismemberment of the "cosmic man."
Creation originated from a cosmic egg.
Creation of the universe originated in a
dream of Brahma, the creator god.
Creation sprang from the tears of
Prajapati.
The Puranas contain many stories that
attribute creation to one of the supreme
deities, particularly Shiva, Vishnu and the
Goddess.
The authors of Upanishads struggled with
this question of origins. Ultimately, they
contended that the source of creation is
profoundly unknowable.
One of the best-known Vedic creation
myths relates the sacrifice of purusha, the
4. cosmic man. The gods cut up purusha, took
the quarter of him that was manifest in
their realm and placed it upon the
sacrificial fire; from this the Vedic deities
Indra, Agni and Vayu were born, together
with the cardinal points of the universe,
animals, humans and the four varnas
(orders).
The universe is often said to be born from
the sacred syllable Om, or from an inert
void in which "there was neither being nor
non-being ...death nor non- death", a
single principle from which emerged the
diversity of life. From this void desire was
born, and from desire came humans, gods
and demons.
Those who deny God, deny themselves.
Those who affirm God, affirm themselves.
God said: 'Let me multiply! Let me have
offspring! ' So he heated himself up; and
when he was hot, he emitted the entire
world, and all that it contains.
5. And after emitting the world, he entered
it. He who has no body, assumed many
bodies. He who is infinite, became finite.
He who is everywhere, went to particular
places. He who is totally wise, caused
ignorance. He who sees all truth, caused
delusion. God becomes every being, and
gives reality to every being.
Before the world was created, God
existed, but was invisible. By means of the
soul all living beings can know God; and
this knowledge fills them with joy. The
soul is the source of abiding joy. When we
discover the soul in the depths of our
consciousness, we are overwhelmed with
delight. If the soul did not live within us,
then we should not breathe -we should not
live.
The soul is one. The soul is changeless,
nameless, and formless. Until we
understand the soul, we live in fear.
Scholars may study the soul through
words; but unless they know the soul
within themselves, their scholarship
6. merely emphasizes their ignorance, and
increases their fear.
Taittiriya Upanishad 2:6; 7
Another version of creation of the universe
credits it to pure Self in the form of a man,
existing alone without a Creator. It looked
around and saw nothing but itself, divided
itself into two parts for company and created
everything in this universe as the story
below shows.
In the beginning there was a single soul.
This soul looked around, and saw nothing
but itself. It exclaimed: 'Here I am! , From
that moment the concept '1' came into
existence. Realizing it was alone, this entity
became afraid. Then it thought: 'Why should
I be afraid, when there is no one but me?'
So its fear subsided.
Yet, since pleasure can only be enjoyed in
company, this soul lacked all pleasure. Thus
it wanted a companion. It was as large as a
man and a woman embracing. So it split
into two, becoming a husband and a wife.
7. That is why it is said that a husband and
wife are two halves of a single being.
The husband and wife had sexual
intercourse; and from their union human
beings were born.
She then thought: 'Since we came from the
same soul, surely it is wrong for us to have
intercourse. I shall hide myself.' So she
became a cow. But he became a bull, and
they had intercourse; and from their union
cattle were born. Then she became a mare,
and he a stallion; and from their union
horses were born. In this way all living
creatures were born, down to the smallest
insect.
Thus the soul is the common vital entity in
every living being. The soul is dearer than a
son or daughter, dearer than wealth, dearer
than all things. When people recognize that
only the soul is truly dear to them, then that
which is dear to them, will never perish.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1:4.
8. the
half that was He then realized, "I am
creation, for I have poured forth all this."
, but that all of creation was born from
the cosmic man. God and humankind are
thus of the very same flesh, that of the first
being who wanted to be more, and so
divided. "Anyone understanding this
becomes, truly, himself a creator in this
creation."
Hindus believe that the world is created,
destroyed, and recreated in an eternally
repetitive series of cycles. It continuously
moves from one Maha Yuga (great age) to
the next, with each lasting for 4,320,000
years. Each Maha Yuga consists of a series
of four shorter yugas, or ages, each of
which is morally worse and of shorter
duration than the age that preceded it.
(See Hindu Cosmology for more details.)
At the end of 1,000 Maha Yugas (one day of
the life of the world), the great god Vishnu
will adopt the form of Shiva-Rudra and will
9. destroy all life on earth. He will then usher in
one night in the life of the world, a period
lasting as long as 1,000 Maha yugas.
First Shiva-Rudra will enter the sun's rays
and intensify them for 100 years. This will
generate great heat. The excessive heat will
evaporate all water on the face of the earth.
All three worlds will be affected - heaven,
earth, and the Underworld. They will all burn
up from this intense heat. The great drought
and scorching fire will create a wasteland.
Famine will stalk the universe. By the time
the 100-year period ends, no living creature
will remain in the three worlds.
When the fires have consumed all life on
the three worlds, Shiva-Rudra will exhale
dreadful storm clouds. This will be
accompanied by terrifying thunder and
lightning. These clouds will move across the
face of the earth, obscuring the sun and
cloaking the world in darkness. Day and
night, for 100 years, a deluge of rain will
pour forth until everything in the world has
been buried beneath the deep waters of a
10. devastating flood. Besides the desolate sea,
only the great god Vishnu will continue to
exist, for the fire and flood will have
destroyed all of the other gods along with
the rest of all life.
Just as the great flood begins to bury all life,
a large golden egg will appear.
When the ocean completely covers all three
worlds, Vishnu will exhale a drying wind. For
100 years this wind will blow across the
world, dispersing the storm clouds. For the
remainder of the 1,000 Maha Yugas, that
night in the life of the world, Vishnu will
sleep and the world will lie asleep also.
At the end of the long night of 1,000 Maha
Yugas, Vishnu will awaken. A marvelous
lotus flower will emerge from his navel, and
Vishnu will emerge from the lotus flower in
11. his creative form of Brahma, creator of life
on earth. The lotus will become the
foundation of the three worlds.
Once he has emerged from the
blossom, Brahma will rest upon it.
This will usher in the
next day in the life of the world, a new
period of 1,000 Maha Yugas.
Hindus believe that the image of all three
worlds, complete with gods, demons, and
human beings, exists within Brahma. First
Brahma, the creator, will bring forth water,
fire, air, wind, sky, and earth, with
mountains and trees upon the earth. Then
he will create the forms of time, as a way of
organizing the universe.
Soon thereafter, Brahma will concentrate
upon creating gods, demons, and human
beings. First he will bring forth the demons
from his buttocks. He will then cast off his
body, creating the darkness we call night,
which belongs to the enemies of the gods.
12. Taking a second body, Brahma will bring
forth the gods from his face. He will cast off
this body as well, creating the lightness we
call day, which belongs to the gods.
From successive bodies, Brahma's powers
of concentration will bring forth human
beings and Rakshasas, snakes and birds.
Then Brahma will bring forth goats from his
mouth, sheep from his chest, cows from his
stomach, antelope, buffalo, camels,
donkeys, elephants, and other animals from
his arms and legs, horses from his feet, and
plant life from the hair on his body.
Thus the great god Vishnu exists eternally
in his three forms. First he is Brahma, the
grandfather and creator of the world. Then
he is Vishnu, the preserver of life on earth.
Finally he is Shiva-Rudra, the destroyer of
life on earth.
Source: World Mythology by Donna
Rosenberg