Specific Ancient Art Writing Acquired From Google.com

1. Explaining a writing system as ciphertext,
layered rebus-metonymy in
Mirror: https://www.academia.edu/11283552/Expl
aining_a_writing_system_as_ciphertext_layered_re
bus-
metonymy_in_ancient_Indus_Script_Corpora_from
_ca._3500_BCE
Layered rebus-metonymy is the cipher for an
ancient writing system called Indus script
which evidences many diverse forms of trope.
The diverse forms of trope exemplify a very
literate society which could produce 1. the
profundity of chandas, a layered enquiry into
cosmic and consciousness phenomena, in the
corpus of texts collectively called the Veda;
and 2. metalcasters' work of the Bronze Age
catalogued as a layered rebus-metonymy on
thousands of Meluhha (Mleccha) inscriptions of
Indus Script Corpora.Chandas and Meluhha
(Mleccha) were two sides of the same coin of
Indian sprachbund (language union). Rgvedic
people called themselves Bhāratam Janam,
'metalcaster folk' -- and catalogued their life-
activities in Rigveda and in Indus Script
Corpora. Chandas was used for a sacred

2. enquiry. Mlecchita vikalpa, 'Meluhha Script or
cipher' was used for trade by Meluhha
seafaring merchants and artisans. They were
philosophers of fire, they were also explorers
in kole.l 'smithy, forge' which was
also kole.l 'temple', a sacred workplace. These
two meanings for the same word resulted in
the compilation of layered rebus-metonymy
texts of Indus Script Corpora.
I had noted that harosheth hagoyim (Judges
4:2), 'smithy of nations' is cognate with kharoṣṭī
goya 'lit. blacksmith-lip guild'. kharoṣṭī was the
name adopted for a writing system of ca. 5th
century BCE. Meluhha hieroglyphs continue to be
deployed together with this writing system on
punch-marked coins.
The writing on Mohenjo-daro seal m0296 is a
remarkable elaboration of many nuanced
features of metonymy embedded in the
inscription created as a ciphertext. (See Annex
A Layered rebus-metonymy on the inscription
on Mohenjo-daro seal m0296). Synecdoche is
a class of metonymy 'mentioning a part for the
whole'. Greek συνεκδοχή synekdoche,
meaning "simultaneous understanding") is
a figure of speech in which a term for a part of

3. something refers to the whole of something, or
vice versa (Oxford English Dictionary).
Synecdoche is evident is in the orthography of
a pair of heads of a young bull to denote a pair
of young bulls -- as a reference to a related
object. Both metonymy and synecdoche are
considered sub-categories of metaphor. The
metaphor is achieved by the layering of rebus
in the cipher of the writing system: a word
which is a homonym of kōḍiya,
kōḍe, खखखख (p. 216) [ khōṇḍa ] m A young
bull, a bullcalf The rebus homonym
is kõdā ‘lathe-turner’; kũdār ‘turner, brass-
worker, engraver (writer)’.
In addition to synecdoche, the other master
tropes deployed in Indus Script corpora are:
Allegory is exemplified by the sustained
metaphor
for soma: ancu (Tocharian), amśu (Vedic).
Antanaclasis is exemplified by repetitions of a
single word with different meanings, like a
pun: Hieroglyphs: sãghāṛɔ 'lathe', sangaḍa
'portable furnace Rebus: saṁghara, 'living in
the same house'; sãgaṛh, 'fortification';
sangāṭh खखखखखख 'a collection (of implements,
tools, materials, for any object), apparatus,
furniture, a collection of the things wanted on
a journey, luggage, and so on'; sanghāta
gram. 'collection of words'.

4. Metaphor is exemplified by ligaturing an
anthropomorph to an animal (say, bull, fish,
eagle) to signify layered rebus-metonymy.
Hieroglyph: ḍã̄go ʻmale (of animals)ʼ(Nepali)
Rebus: dhangar ‘blacksmith’ (Maithili)
Hieroglyph: ‫ַא‬‫ר‬ ְ‫י‬ ֵ‫ה‬ (aryeh) 'lion' (Hebrew) Rebus:
āra, āram Brass (Tamil)
Thus, the rebus layering with substitution of a
similar-sounding word in metonymy creates a
distinct sub-category of metonymy or
metaphor. An additional layering in the cipher
also occurs in this example. A pair of 'heads of
young bull' are shown as mirror images. The
mirroring or pairing evokes the
expression:dol 'likeness' and with a rebus
substitution: dul 'casting metal'. Thus, the
paired heads of young bull
denote: dul kõdā 'metal turning or alloying to
create metal castings in a smithy-turner's
work'.
The writing system with the device of paired
mirror images which is paralleled by
reduplication of words of languages in
Indian sprachbund introduced a unique form of
metonymy: substituting an 'idea' or 'thought'
of 'imaging' to denote a language

5. expression: dol 'likeness'. The same device is
deployed on m0296 by denoting a precise
count of NINE (9) ficus leaves emerging out of
the hieroglyphic composition. The count of
NINE is denoted by a language expression: lo,
no 'nine' PLUS a substitution in
metonymy: lo 'copper'. In this instance, the
orthography of precisely counted depictions of
objects (in this case, ficus leaves), the implied
count is substituted by an expression: lo 'nine',
further layered by the substitution rebus of a
similar-sounding homonym: lo 'copper'. It is
amazing that the expression loa has the lexical
meaning 'a species of fig
tree, ficus glomerata' in Santali language, a
Meluhha (mleccha) language expression in
the Indian sprachbund. This expression gets a
rebus substitution: lo, loh 'copper'. The device
of rebus-metonymy layering also finds
application in the creation of ligatured 'signs'
or 'combinations of pictures' and in the
creation of ligatured 'pictorial motifs' or
'combinations of pictorial motifs' to create
orthographically, say, a composite animal.
This composite animal has a language
expression: खखखखख [ sāṅgaḍa ] m
f (खखखखखख S) f A body formed of two or more

6. (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined
together. The rebus-metonymy layer is with
two meanings, one denotes collection of
implements, the other denotes membership of
a caravan:
खखखखख । खखखखखख
sangāṭhsangāṭh खखखखखख । खखखखखखख m.
(sg. dat. sangāṭas खखखखखखख),
a collection (of implements, tools, materials,
for any object), apparatus, furniture, a
collection of the things wanted on a journey,
luggage, and so on. -- karun -- खखखखख ।
खखखखखखखखखखखखखख m.inf. to collect the ab.
(L.V. 17). sangath खखखखख । खखखखखख f. (sg.
dat. sangüʦü), association, living together,
partnership .
In this example, metonymy is seen to be
evident without the use of contiguous
(associated) concepts which is exemplified by
the use of 'crown' to refer to 'king. In this
example, non-contiguous concepts are related
to one another for substitution by the
association of sounds associated with
homonyms (rebus). Thus, layered rebus-
metonymy is deployed to achieve a special
metaphorical representation in an ancient
writing sytem of Indus Script. On the Mohenjo-

7. daro seal m0296, the message conveyed by
the combination of pictorial motifs is a a
metaphor -- conveyed by decrypted Meluhha
language expressions -- for combination of
implements, tools, materials out of a lapidary
workshop, smithy/forge, smelter, metalcaster,
turner, alloying complex. In simple terms, as a
collective expression, the Indus Script Corpora
are metalwork, lapidarywork catalogues.
The cipher for the writing system is a unique
metaphor or trope (use of figurative language
in literature, a commonly recurring literary or
rhetorical device, motif, or cliché): layered
rebus-metonymy. In religion, or philosophical
enquiry as the Veda, trope is a musical
embellishment of texts rendered inchandas,
'prosody'. In Mleccha (Meluhha), trope is is the
use of figurative language -- via word, phrase,
image, combination of images -- for artistic
effect. In this framework, the cipher of Indus
Script is a figure of speech which can be
described as as a creative work with recurring
literary and rhetorical devices, pictorial motifs.
Chandas and spoken forms of mleccha
(meluhha) are two side of the trope: one is
musical trope which uses the 'prosody' device;

8. the other is life-activity trope which uses the
'metalwork catalogue' device to create an
Indus Script Corpora which now numbers
about 7000 inscriptions of cipher text (cipher:
layered rebus-metonymy). The purport of the
Corpora was to organize documentation of
trade transactions in contact areas by
seafaring Meluhha (mleccha) merchants and
artisans moving as caravans on the Tin Road
from Hanoi to Haifa in an extensive interaction
domain of Eurasia. What was referred to as
'Meluhha' in Akkadian-Sumerian speech area
was called 'Mleccha' with variant phonetic
forms in Indian sprachbund.
This explanation of layered rebus-metonymy
as an organizing principle or cipher of the
writing system makes Indus Script a
representation (vikalpa) of a very literate
society or guild of artisans/seafaring
merchants. The technical grammatical
expression in Ancient Samskritam for this
organizing principle is:mlecchita vikalpa (lit.
representation in cipher or writing by mleccha
people.) A synonym for mleccha, 'copper'
people is Bhāratam Janam used in Rigveda,
'metalcaster folk'.

9. The seal exemplifies a rebus-metonmy layering
to convey an encrypted message related to
lapidary-metalwork. Asko and Simo
Parpola identify Meluhha (earlier variant Me-
lah-ha) and claim that Meluhha is the origin of
the Sanskrit mleccha, meaning "barbarian,
foreigner". (Parpola, Asko; Parpola, Simo
(1975). "On the relationship of the Sumerian
Toponym Meluhha and Sanskrit
Mleccha". Studia Orientalia 46: 205–238.)
While the mleccha is cognate meluhha, Asko
and Simo Parpola err in interpreting mleccha
as 'barbarian, foreigner'. The phonetic
transform mleccha ~~ meluhha is evidenced
by the Pali text forms:milakkha
rajanam 'copper colored'; milakkha bhasha
'mleccha or meluhha language' and the well-
attested s-h transforms from Sindhi to Avestan
(Old Indo-Iranian or Old Persian). The early
use of the expression in Manusmriti is a
reference to mleccha language as a form of
speech distinguished from āryaspeech: the
expressions used are: ārya vācas, mleccha
vācas. One form of speech refers to
grammatically correct literary expression and
the other form of speech refers to
mispronounciation, ungrammatical expressions
in speech forms.

10. This distinction is elaborated by Patanjali and
also in Satapatha Brahmana which refers to an
expression by Asura: he'lo, he'lava which
expression has been found relatable to
boatmen songs of ancient times with the
refrain 'elo, elelo'. Such an interpretation is
valid in the context of Meluhha seafaring
merchants attested in Ancient Near East as a
contact area of the Meluhha or
The script is more appropriately
called mlecchita-vikalpāḥ (a
Samskritam samāsa, 'compound' which can be
translated as, 'Meluhha cipher or the art of
understanding writing in cipher and the writing
of words in a peculiar way') -- a phrase used in
an ancient Samskritam text of Vātsyāyana
(?2nd cent. CE) together with other knowledge
systems related to study of language.
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