History of Linguistics

1. Prepared by:
Junette S. Castañares
Haina Shein Bodegas
Rainy Val Alcontin

2. SUMMERIANS ( 400 years before present )
- The earliest written text in cune form on clay
tablets.
- The linguistics text from the earliest
part of the tradition were list of nouns
in Summerian.

3. HINDU TRADITION (400 BC)
-Indian linguistic was not itself historical
in orientation, though its roots lay in the
changes language undergo in the course of
time. Indian theory and practice was
definitely advance of anything achieved in
Europe.

4. - Panini wrote a grammar os Sanskrit
(between 600 B.C and 300 B. C ) called
Astahydyl (literally eight books.)
- Bhartrhari: wrote Vakyapadiya (5th-
7th century A.D) which state that the
sentences should be interpreted as a
single unit.

5. THE GREEKS (5th Century B.C onwards)
- Philosophical and theorietical questions were invested
- Plato's Cratylus (427- 347 B. C) represents socrates (
469-399 B.C ) arguing for original natural connections
that were subsequently obscured by convection.
- Aristotle (384-322 B. C ) by constrast, favoured
convection over nature.

6. THE ROMANS (1st Century B.C to approximately
SDOAD
- Roman linguistics continued studying the themes
of interest to Greek linguistis.
- Later grammars of Donatus (4th century AD) and
Priscan (6th century Ad ) were highly in fluential in
the Middle Ages.

7. THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD ( 5th -14th Century)
- Most os the linguistic work from the Middle
Ages was focused on grammar emphasizing
Latin ang Greek analyses.
- Isidore of Seville did etymology and
lexicography during the seventh century.
- St. Jerome translated Bible into Latin dealth.

8. THE RENAISSANCE ( 15th - 17th
Century)
- During this period, grammatical
description were written for several
European languages. The Bible was also
translated into many different languages
during the Renaissance.

9. 18TH CENTURY EUROPE
- J. G Herder believed that language and thought are
iseparable.
- James Harnis held an Aristotelian view of grammar
- James Burnett hooked for evidence of a proto
language by studying the languages
of primitive peoples.

10. THE 19TH CENTURY- PHILOLOGY
- Wilhelm Von Humboldt wrote The Variety of human
language structure.
- Friedrich Von Schlegel ( 1772-1829) coined all the
phrase "conparative grammar"
- Dane R. Rask( 1787)- 1832 pioneer in historical
comparative linguistics.

11. 20TH CENTURY
STRUCTURALISM - Ferdinand de Saussure suggested
that language can be seen as a game of clas, where
history of past moves irrelevant to the players .
ROMAN JACOBSON - Saussure's ideas Spread first to
Russia, being brought there and developed by Roman
Jacobson (1896- 1982).

12. Jakobson also define poetic language as
the orojection onto horizon syntagmatic
axis ( how word fit together in a sentence)
of the vertical pragmatic ( how world are
associated and can replace each
other),another audacious theory that
proved targetly vacuous.

13. SPAIR - WHORF HYPOTHESIS
- One exception was an hypothesis of Edward
Sapir (1884- 1934) and Benjamin Lee Whorf
(1897-1941) . Mari's language, they argued
moulds this perception of reality. The Hapi
Indians of Arizona pluralize douds as though
they were objects.

14. GENERATIVE GRAMMAR
- Avram Noam Chomsky (1928) and this followers have
transformed linguistics.Indeed, despite many difficulties
and large claims retached, the school of deep or
generative grammar still holds cente rstage.
- Chomsky came to prominence in a 1972 critism of the
behaviourism.

15. - Linguistic output was not simply related to
input. Far from it , and a science which
ignored what the brain did to create its
novel was no science at all . Chomsky was
concerned to explain two striking fratures of
language the speed with which children
acquire a language.