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Dissecting Android APK
Reversing Android applications
/> self.me
- Final year undergraduate student at Amrita University, Amritapuri
- Love Android !
- Currently researching on Android security
- Play CTFs as a part of team bi0s
bi0s
Index
- Why Android ?
- Android security implementations and issues
- Real world Android malwares
- Reversing Android apps
- Structure of an APK
- Analyzing the contents
Why Android ?
The Tale of Triumph
Open source - power to you!
User-friendly
Most used - more developers
Mobile OS Global Market Share 2016
Android security
- Sandboxing
- Permissions
- ASLR since Android 4.0 ICS
- ARM TrustZone
Implementations
Permissions
ARM TrustZone
Are we at risk ?
Issues - Malwares
- Ransomwares
- Exploits
Real world Android malwares
AccuTrack :
Turns an Android device into a GPS tracker
AckPost :
Steals contact information from the device and sends it to a remote server
BackFlash / Crosate :
Installs as a fake Flash plugin, registers as a Device administrator, and steals sensitive data
BankBot :
Particularly aims at stealing bank account information from dedicated apps
DroidDeluxe :
Exploits the device to gain root privilege and then modifies access permission of database files
and collects account information
APK
Android package : APK
Zip file with .apk extension
Playstore, Amazon Appstore, F-Droid
Java + res + XML + Libs
Android PacKage
Making of an APK
Reversing Android apps
Tools and Methodologies
APKTOOL
Reversing APKs
- Compile/decompile apps
- Smali code
- To modify apps
Structure of an APK
assets - all the unmodified app contents
AndroidManifest.xml - Generic; The app-map
classes.dex - Java files’ package. The Dalvik executable [ yeah! the source ]
res - All the resources ( drawables, icons, values )
lib - External/custom native libraries
Resources.asrc - Compiled resources / binaries
META-INF - Certificates
Dalvik / ART
→ JVM redefined
→ Dalvik until 4.4.4 Kitkat. ART from 5.0 Lollipop
→ Executes dex
→ Dalvik - JIT, ART - AOT
DEX
Dalvik Executable
> Dalvik’s bytecode
> java classes
> Easy to debug
Tools
ADB
Android Debug Bridge
- Android tool
- Drop shells, files
- Access partitions
- Install applications
Dex2Jar
The source
- Small in size
- Any platform
- Extracts compiled classes out of the dex
- Easy to use
Demo
Workaround ? → Check permissions
→ Trusted app sources
→ Use ‘ anti-malware ’ apps
Glossary
- aapt : Android Asset Packaging Tool.
- dex : Dalvik executable.
- dx : Tool within the Android SDK used to convert the jar files into dex files.
- R.java : A class with static methods to reference all the resources.
In-depth Introduction to Android Permission Model
Android Internals by Karim Yaghmour
Logcat Security Issue
Dalvik and ART
Dex2jar, ADB, APK Tool
DexGuard obfuscator
Dalvik opcodes
OWASP Seraphimdroid
References
Thank You

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Dissecting Android APK

  • 1. Dissecting Android APK Reversing Android applications
  • 2. /> self.me - Final year undergraduate student at Amrita University, Amritapuri - Love Android ! - Currently researching on Android security - Play CTFs as a part of team bi0s
  • 4. Index - Why Android ? - Android security implementations and issues - Real world Android malwares - Reversing Android apps - Structure of an APK - Analyzing the contents
  • 5. Why Android ? The Tale of Triumph Open source - power to you! User-friendly Most used - more developers
  • 6. Mobile OS Global Market Share 2016
  • 7. Android security - Sandboxing - Permissions - ASLR since Android 4.0 ICS - ARM TrustZone Implementations
  • 10. Are we at risk ?
  • 11. Issues - Malwares - Ransomwares - Exploits
  • 12. Real world Android malwares
  • 13. AccuTrack : Turns an Android device into a GPS tracker AckPost : Steals contact information from the device and sends it to a remote server BackFlash / Crosate : Installs as a fake Flash plugin, registers as a Device administrator, and steals sensitive data BankBot : Particularly aims at stealing bank account information from dedicated apps DroidDeluxe : Exploits the device to gain root privilege and then modifies access permission of database files and collects account information
  • 14. APK Android package : APK Zip file with .apk extension Playstore, Amazon Appstore, F-Droid Java + res + XML + Libs Android PacKage
  • 16. Reversing Android apps Tools and Methodologies
  • 17. APKTOOL Reversing APKs - Compile/decompile apps - Smali code - To modify apps
  • 19. assets - all the unmodified app contents AndroidManifest.xml - Generic; The app-map classes.dex - Java files’ package. The Dalvik executable [ yeah! the source ] res - All the resources ( drawables, icons, values ) lib - External/custom native libraries Resources.asrc - Compiled resources / binaries META-INF - Certificates
  • 20. Dalvik / ART → JVM redefined → Dalvik until 4.4.4 Kitkat. ART from 5.0 Lollipop → Executes dex → Dalvik - JIT, ART - AOT
  • 21. DEX Dalvik Executable > Dalvik’s bytecode > java classes > Easy to debug
  • 22. Tools
  • 23. ADB Android Debug Bridge - Android tool - Drop shells, files - Access partitions - Install applications
  • 24. Dex2Jar The source - Small in size - Any platform - Extracts compiled classes out of the dex - Easy to use
  • 25. Demo
  • 26. Workaround ? → Check permissions → Trusted app sources → Use ‘ anti-malware ’ apps
  • 27. Glossary - aapt : Android Asset Packaging Tool. - dex : Dalvik executable. - dx : Tool within the Android SDK used to convert the jar files into dex files. - R.java : A class with static methods to reference all the resources.
  • 28. In-depth Introduction to Android Permission Model Android Internals by Karim Yaghmour Logcat Security Issue Dalvik and ART Dex2jar, ADB, APK Tool DexGuard obfuscator Dalvik opcodes OWASP Seraphimdroid References