issue about migration

1. International Migration: The Case of OFWs
and
Internal Migration
CYRIL JANE B. INSONG
Reporter

2. Add a section header

4. What are the difference between International
and local Migration?
Permanent move from one country to
another
voluntary- motivated by perceived
economic or quality of life improvement.
forced- motivated by political or
environmental factors
International

5. What are the difference between International
and local Migration?
Permanent move within the same country
interregional- from one region to another
intraregional- within a region
Internal
ex. from rural-urban
ex. central city to a suburban center

7. Since 1970's, the Philippines has supplied all kinds of skilled workers to the world's more
developed regions.

8. As of Dec. 2004, an estimated 8.1 M. Filipinos- nearly 10% of the country's 85M. people- were
working and/ or residing in close to 200 countries.
In the last 30 years, a "culture of migration" has emerged, with millions of Filipinos eager to
work abroad, despite the risks and vulnerabilities they are likely to face. A nationwide survey of
1,200 adult respondents in 2002 found one in five Filipinos expressing a desire to migrate.
More recent surveys carried out by Pulse Asia in 2005 found an increasing percentage of adult
respondents — 26 percent in July and 33 percent in October — agreeing with the statement, "If
it were only possible, I would migrate to another country and live there." Interest in leaving the
country is not limited to adults. In a nationwide survey in 2003 of children ages 10 to 12, 47
percent reported that they wished to work abroad someday. Sixty percent of children of
overseas foreign workers said they had plans to work abroad.

9. For much of the 20th century, "international migration" for Filipinos meant going to the United States
and its Pacific territories. The first batch of Filipino workers arrived in the U.S. territory of Hawaii on
December 20, 1906 to work on sugarcane and pineapple plantations.
1906 and 1934 -According to one estimate, approximately 120,000 Filipino workers came to Hawaii-
1907 and the 1930- Another estimate puts the number of 150,000 Filipinos arriving in the United
States particularly in Hawaii.
A small number of scholars, known as pensionados, also immigrated to the United States before the
1920s. They were either sponsored by the U.S. government or by missionary-related programs. Some
were sent by rich families to study and a few were self-supporting students. Those who returned
assumed important positions in Filipino society while others remained in the United States.

10. Becoming a Labor Exporter
The Philippines' ascent as a major labor exporter in Asia and worldwide is based on various factors.
When large-scale labor migration from the Philippines started in the 1970s,
Oilcrisisin1973.

11. Becoming a Labor Exporter
The absence of sustained economic development,
political instability, a growing population, double-
digit unemployment levels, and low wages continue
to compel people to look abroad.

12. The flow of OFWs, numbering
a few thousand per year in the
early 1970s, surged past 1
million beginning in 2006 (see
Figure 1). In 2015 alone, more
than 1,844,000 Filipinos
worked abroad. The data on
deployed workers include
seafarers, who account for 20
to22 percent of all OFWs every
year. Filipinos dominate the
global seafaring industry,
accounting for 25 to 30
percent of the world's
seafarers.

13. As of December 2004, the stock of overseas Filipinos include some 3.2 million permanent
settlers (the majority of whom are in the United States), about 3.6 million temporary labor
migrants (called OFWs), with Saudi Arabia hosting close to a million, and an estimated 1.3
million migrants in an unauthorized situation. The latter tend to be mostly in the United States
and Malaysia.

14. The Case of OFWs

15. Terms need to remember
Represent a subset of OFWs, and are temporary migrants.
OFW term is commonly used, a further sign of the pervasive role that labor migration
occupies in Philippine society.
Overseas Filipino Workers( OFW)
source: www.migrationpolicy.org.

16. Fil. immigrants and legal permanent residents abroad.
Filipinos who stay overseas, regular and properly documented.
Permanent Migrants
example: Fil spouses or foreign nationals, Fils. naturalized in their host country,
Fil. dual citizens, and their descendants.
Temporary Migrants
Filipinos who are not properly documented or without valid residence or work
permits, or who may be overstaying their visa.
Irregular Migrants
source: www.migrationpolicy.org.

17. Overseas Filipino Workers are
estimated at 2.3 million
The number of Overseas Filipino
Workers (OFWs) who worked abroad at
anytime during the period April to
September 2017 was estimated at 2.3
million. Overseas Contract Workers
(OFWs) or those with existing work
contracts comprised 97.0 percent of the
total OFWs during the period April to
September 2017. The rest (3.0%)
worked overseas without contracts
(Table 1 and Figure 1)
2017 Survey on Overseas Filipinos (Results from the 2017 Survey on Overseas Filipinos )

18. CALABARZON has the largest proportion of OFWs
Among the regions, the largest
proportion of OFWs were from
CALABARZON (20.7% of the
total OFWs). Those coming
from Central Luzon comprised
12.9 percent, and those from the
National Capital Region and
Western Visayas, comprised 9.5
percent each. On the other hand,
the smallest number of OFWs
came from Caraga (1.7% of the
total OFWs) (Table 2 and Figure
2).

19. There are more female OFWs than male OFWs
The proportion of OFWs was higher for
females (53.7%) than males (46.3%). The
largest proportion of OFWs belonged to age
group 30 to 34 years comprising 21.7 percent
of all OFWs, followed by those aged 25 to 29
years with 20.4 percent. Female OFWs were
younger compared to male OFWs. Higher
percentage (24.1%) of female OFWs were in
the age group 25 to 29 years, while the male
OFWs were reported to have higher
percentage (19.8%) in age group 30 to 34
years. There were more male OFWs than
female OFWs in age group 35 years and over

20. Saudi Arabia is the leading destination of OFWs
Saudi Arabia was the leading
country of destination among
OFW (25.4%). Other
destinations of OFWs were
United Arab Emirates (15.3%),
Kuwait (6.7%), Hong Kong
(6.5%) and Qatar (5.5%)

21. One in every three OFWs are in elementary occupations
One in every three (37.6%) OFWs
worked in elementary occupations.
Around 18.0 percent worked as
service and sales workers. OFWs who
worked as plant and machine
operators and assemblers
comprised 13.7 percent, and craft
and related trade workers, 11.4
percent (Table 5 and Figure 5).
More than half of the female OFWs
were in elementary occupations
(59.0%). Among the male OFWs, the
largest group were plant and machine
operators and assemblers (26.9%)

22. Total remittances reach 205.2 billion pesos
The total remittance sent by OFWs
during the period April to September
2017 was estimated at 205.2 billion
pesos. These remittances included
cash sent home (146.8 billion pesos),
cash brought home (48.3 billion pesos)
and remittances in kind (10.1 billion
pesos) (Table 6 and Figure 6). The
majority of OFWs sent their remittance
through banks (62.8%) while the rest
used agencies or local offices (3.1%),
door-to-door delivery (0.8%), friends or
co-workers (0.1%) or other means
(33.1%)

23. Of the total cash remittance sent by OFWs, 38.6 billion pesos was the total remittance sent by elementary occupations
which comprised the biggest share of 18.7 percent. On average, remittance amounts to 52 thousand pesos per OFW. The
total remittance of OFWs working in Asia, comprising 85.6 percent of all OFWs, accounted for 77.9 percent of the
total cash remittances. From other countries, the percentage shares are as follows, Europe (9.8%), North and South
America (8.4%), Australia (2.4%) and Africa (1.5%)

24. Total Remittance
(in Million pesos).
211, 887
cash sent - 158,915.25
cash brought home - 46,615.14
in kind - 6,356.61
Number of overseas Filipino workers
(in thousands)
2,202

25. Place of Work
Asia - 73.4%
East Asia - 20.2%
Southeast and South Central Asia - 7.3%
Western Asia - 45.9%
Elem. Occupation
service and sales workers
Plant and Machine Operator
Technicians and Associate Profs.
Professionals
Craft and Related trade workers
Major Occupation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

26. Main Problems Encounter
by OFWs
Beyond Labor Migration
illegal recruitment, contract
substitution, illegal placement fees, long
working hours, and no days off (in the
case of domestic workers), among
others.
The 1995 Migrant Workers and
Overseas Filipinos Act
a landmark law aimed to provide protection to
OFWs from pre-departure through arrival and
return. The focus on protection shifted during
the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(2001-10), when the government for the only
time to date set a target for the deployment of
workers. The Medium-Term Philippine
Development Plan 2004-2010 set a goal of
sending 1 million workers overseas every year.

27. Act(RA)10022
aiming to further strengthen measures to protect migrant workers, their families, and other overseas Filipinos in
distress. Among the law’s key provisions is the restriction of deployment only to countries that have been
certified as safe and offering protection.
The law also mandates recruitment agencies or employers to provide OFWs with compulsory insurance to
cover accidental death or disability, among other protections.

28. The Philippines Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) also amended recruitment
industry regulations, resulting in the 2016 Revised POEA Rules and Regulations Governing
the Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers, and a separate set of rules and regulations
applying to land-based workers.
These measures were aimed at curbing the illegal practices of recruitment agencies, such as
exorbitant placement fees and contract substitution, which negatively impact migrants.

29. RA10801
The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) is mandated to
provide programs and services for the welfare of OFWs and their families
and to manage the funds from member contributions and interest from
investments.
RA10364 Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012
amended the 2003 Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act to enhance concerted efforts to
combat trafficking and increase penalties for violators. Those who are identified as
victims of trafficking can access support and assistance.

31. Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
50
40
30
20
10
0
Write your
topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

32. Add a main point
Add a main point
Add a main point
Write your
topic or idea Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.

33. Write your
topic or idea
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what
you want to discuss.
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what
you want to discuss.
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what
you want to discuss.

34. Write
your topic
or idea
Add a main point
Add a main point
Add a main point
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

35. Add a section header

36. Write your topic or idea
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want
to discuss.
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want
to discuss.
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want
to discuss.
Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want
to discuss.

37. Item 1
20%
Item 2
20%
Item 3
20%
Item 4
20%
Item 5
20%
Write your
topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

38. Use this for a photo caption.

39. Use this for a
photo caption.

40. Item 1 Item 2 Item 3 Item 4 Item 5
125
100
75
50
25
0
Write your
topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

41. Use this for a
photo caption.

42. Write
your topic
or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.

43. 3 out of 6 5 out of 6
Write your topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.
Briefly elaborate on what you
want to discuss.

44. Add a section header

45. "The future belongs to those
who believe in the beauty of
their dreams."
— Eleanor Roosevelt

46. 30% 60% 90%
Write your topic or idea
Add a main point Add a main point Add a main point
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

47. Write your
topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

48. Write your topic or idea
Briefly elaborate on what you want to discuss.

49. Free Resources
Use these elements in your Canva presentation.