Public Policies Of A Public Policy

Public Policies Of A Public Policy
Question 1
Bugental and Hehman explain that even though public policies may have good intentions, they unintentionally create a subtle bias about the
capabilities of older adults. These biases can be related to possible limitations or could cause them to seem more dependent on others than they really
are.
One example of a public policy that perpetuates ageism is guardianship policies, particularly when they are not designed well or are poorly
monitored. For instance, some states consider "advanced age" as a determining factor of an individual 's competence. This could result in the older
adult 's independence being limited unfairly. Guardianship arrangements that are not properly monitored have resulted in elder abuse and neglect.
These type of policies allow an older adult 's human rights to be violated and only exist as a result of assumptions about the limitations of older adults.
Another example of public policy that perpetrates ageism are policies related to driving. Denying an older adult a driver 's license, effectively limits
their access to things outside the home. This has an effect on practical aspects of their life as well as psychological. Policies that justify these
limitations may be based on statistics showing a higher crash rate or on the fact that older drives show decreased reaction time, peripheral vision, etc.
Rather than imposing limitations based on age, hazardous road conditions that create a risk to drives, but especially older drivers, could be
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Public Policy Analysis: Gun Control Essay
Public policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem or an opportunity. The analysis delves into a public issue or
problem and assesses a set of proposed government action for addressing the issue. The job of the analyst is to describe the background and status of
an issue and then, using research and analysis, determine a proper government action to resolve the issue. By comparing options and weighing their
expected benefits, the analyst should conclude with a recommended course of action or inaction to addressing the issue.
During the problem definition stage, one must realize that "a condition is not a social problem unless it is seen as violating certain fundamental values
and beliefs about how society...show more content...
The analyst can also find research reports, identification problems, recommendations for new programs or reform to existing programs, and requests for
lobbying activities.
Agenda setting has raised the following questions:
Who recognizes the issue as being a problem and why is it seen as a problem?
The Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) is the lobbying force of the NRA. "The institute works vigorously to defeat restrictive gun control
legislation, pass pro–gun reform legislation, and to educate the public about the facts concerning the many facets of firearms ownership" (NRA, 2011).
Is the issue looked at differently by groups with different values?
Are public officials interested in responding to the problem and can a public policy be formed to address the problem?
Do public officials have the means necessary to carry out a policy response?
Has something recently happened to make this issue a problem?
How pressing is this problem?
How long will it take to respond to the problem?
Policy formulation develops policy proposals and goals to resolve the issue and restructure problems. It determines those barriers that may be incurred
and what is needed from other agencies or the private sector. Also developed, are methods in which to evaluate how success will be judged and the

Public Policy Controversy
A public policy is defined as an important course of action, which is designed to resolve some of the most compelling issues that American citizens are
currently facing, or have faced in the past (Uhistory.com, 2014). Most public policies revolve around the spectrum of laws that were implemented by
individuals that are not legislators (Uhistory.com, 2014). Anyone including members of thegovernment can be penalized for not abiding to the rules of
a public policy (Uhistory.com, 2014). However, the process associated with a public policy infringement, can be often times predicted (Uhistory.com,
2014).
The first and most important step in creating a public policy is to identify the issue (Uhistory.com, 2014). A typically public policy controversy...show
more content...
The process of creating and monitoring a policy has no end to it, this is because law makers need to know if the policy will benefit citizens or create
more problems (Birkland, 2011). If they believe that the policy is not beneficial to citizens, they can either make the necessary changes or get rid of
the policy (Birkland, 2011).
A very prominent policy that is currently being examined is the healthcare Act. Law makers are currently trying to find ways to make health
insurance more affordable for all Americans (Lester, 2014). It is believe that the recently passed Affordable Care Act, has so far provided affordable
health care to a large number of "working age adults" (Lester, 2014). The new initiative has also contributed to the decrease in poverty levels for some
states (Lester, 2014).
In conclusion, creating public policies can be a very useful tool in improving the lives of citizens in the United States. Making changes to existing
policies is another great improvement initiative. However, it is important that legislators carefully research the short term and long term impact of
certain policies before officially implementing them. I also believe that members of the society should be given a chance to voice their opinions on all
proposed public policies, before a final decision is

Stakeholders In Public Policy Essay
Stakeholders have an imperative role in public policy. They hold an interest in how a program is operating (266). They do not just apply to
corporate America, but various places that people think of. They are present almost everywhere and everyone is stakeholder, whether it is a job, a
school or in the government. A school could be a considered a program. A teacher is a stakeholder as teachers have an inducement to have high
achieving in their classrooms because they could be denied tenure and the identical principle applies from the principals to the superintendents of
school systems. Their jobs depend on their specific workstations to thrive. A student could be an additional stakeholder as how the school performs
could establish what skills they attain in the real world. Without well–performing schools, students will not absorb skills that are needed for surviving
in the real world. Stakeholders can be countless well as they hold companies and institutions accountable, but can be destructive to a company as many
times they may embolden behaviors that are not entirely ideal. There are voluminous types of stakeholders that perform many duties and have
different types of responsibilities, but there are six main ones that are well known. The six main types of stakeholders are policymakers, program
sponsors, evaluation sponsor, program managers and practitioners, program targets and other people involved (266) .One well–liked program that is
beloved by the American people is

Foreign Public Policy Essays
Foreign Public Policy Analysis
Directions: Choose one specific foreign policy issue in American government and complete a public policy analysis of how the problem was addressed.
Stage I Agenda Setting: How did this issue arrive on the public policy agenda? Identify specific linkage institutions and describe their roles and
influence in placing this issue on the policy agenda. The Ebola virus was first discovered in the year 1976 in Africa. Since then, there have been
countless outbreaks of this virus documented in several different countries across Africa. The issue of the Ebola virus first arrived on the public policy
agenda in the year of 2014. In march of this year, there was an outbreak in west Africa.
Stage II Policy Formulation:...show more content...
Any who were at high risk or some risk had to have daily check ups from health officials for a total of 21 days straight. These policies showed to be
very effective at containing the disease and preventing it from spreading. I would characterize these policies as true reform.
Stage V Policy Change: Based on what you learned in the evaluation of the policy, is it necessary to revise the policy? Why or why not? In your
opinion, what would have to happen for the policy to change? Basing my analysis on what I've previously learned about the policies, I believe it
would be necessary to constantly check and revise the policies on Ebola. These revisions would help to make any improvements to the system possible
and ensure the highest regulations on safety for the general public would be set.
Stage VI Policy Termination: Should this public policy be ended? What factors would lead to termination of this public policy? Who has the most to
gain from maintaining the policy and who has the most to lose?
I do not believe at all that these public policies should be stopped or terminated. These policies were set in place to keep the deadly virus from west
Africa from spreading throughout the United
States. It is solely for the purpose of keeping the general public safe and controlling the epidemic.
© KC Distance Learning
Foreign Policy Summary: Based on the discussion with your

Public Policy Importance
Public policy has a tremendous impact on all of society's constituents; accordingly, it is vital for the same to understand and contribute to the policy
making process. In spite of this, present day data shows an underwhelming amount of personage contributing, or even voting in any part of the
process. Such trends point to a future that is a reflection of a past in which justice, equality, and liberty are not a natural right. The United States of
America was founded upon such principles of democracy as per an ethical social contract in which the government served the people's best interests
for a common good, yet how can an entity adequately serve a master that lacks the knowledge necessary to achieve aforementioned. As per Newton's
laws of physics "any action has an equal and opposite reaction"; public policy creates ripples in society that affect individual lives both consciously
and as a byproduct. Consequently, it is of outmost importance to understand public policy, and the effects they have on all aspects of society. To
achieve such a task, I believe that one must first understand its background, purpose, effects, and most importantly, intricacy. With this in mind, to
truly appreciate and apprehend any public policy, one must understand the actions that led to such. Whether its economical, racial, or moral
reasons all policies have a story that led to their proposal. It is important to understand how one got to a particular point as a consequence of
previous actions in order to avoid repeating previous errors, and policymaking is no exception. In fact, understanding what actions led to the
policymaking process of any singular policy allows an individual to act accordingly. Similarly, understanding the past allows policymakers and
constituents alike to see possible consequences of their actions. Using the past for guidance and reference lets people predict unintended
consequences and plan accordingly; moreover, if a policy has failed in previous proposals it gives reason to avoid repeating the same mistake. Along
similar lines, examples in the history of the United States show how certain policies are either beneficial or detrimental for the greater good of the
people. Looking the past for answers also

Public Policy Essay
Final Paper
Brittany Baity
PPA603: Government Budgeting (MBQ 1118A)
Instructor: Chiji Ohayia
June 06, 2011
Public policy is the study of policy making by governments. A government's public policy is the set of policies (laws, plans, actions, behaviors) that it
chooses. (Lee, Johnson, Joyce, 2008) Since governments claim authority and responsibility (to varying degrees) over a large group of individuals, they
see fit to establish plans and methods of action that will govern that society. I will discuss the possible funding options for reducing Georgia's sex
offender rate, evaluate how public policy decisions affect the receipt of revenues, and develop a revenue policy that aligns with community values.
It is a parent's nightmare: a...show more content...
The Government created a Project Safe Childhood which is a program to protect children from rapist and sex offenders. The Project Safe Childhood
will make a ground for a national zero–tolerance culture. The Project Safe Childhood program is a strong three–legged stool: one leg is the federal
contributions led by the United States Attorneys around the country, another is state and local law enforcement, including the Internet Crimes Against
Children task forces funded by the Department's Office of Justice Programs and the third is non–governmental organizations, like the Financial
Coalition Against Child Pornography and the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. [NCMEC] (Geffner, 2008)
Under the Project Safe Childhood structure, state, local and federal partners are seeking the toughest sentences possible. The Government has made
half a million dollars available for the Project Safe Childhood program. This program intends to bring state and local law enforcement together with
federal prosecutors from their regions.
Cooperative law–enforcement work on the registry has already led to some great stories of success. The first case brought under the Adam Walsh
Child Protection and Safety Act involved a fugitive who was arrested by the Social Security Administration for allegedly using a false name and
another man's Social Security number as he tried to set up a new identity for himself. It turns out that this individual was

Roles Of Public And Public Policy
Roles of Public Administrators in the Policy Process The formulation and implementation of public policy benefit the public. Therefore, public policy
is a framework whereby the government pursues its action plan. Moreover, it is a course of action aimed at responding to a problem and achieving a
goal. Consequently, the formulation of a policy adheres to a particular political process, and it is enforced and implemented by a public agency. As
stated, public policy affects the public, meaning that it has an effect on the people and how they live. Subsequently, public policy should cover the
needs of the people and enhance their lives. Not all the people can participate in the policy process, and as a result, those professions that have a
direct interaction with the public can play a big role in representing it in the policy process. Thus, public administrators are best suited to represent the
public in the policy process because they understand needs of the public, the policy process, and where and when they can influence this process.
Policy Design Public administrators should understand that in a bureaucratic system, they are essential for good governance. Thus, they are in a
position to represent the public and its needs to the government (Warner, 2001). As stated earlier, the role of policies is to provide a framework for
solving problems. Therefore, from a general perspective, the analytic work in problem–solving moves toward a certain direction, thus from the

Political Power And Public Policy
There are many factors that create and compose the American political system. Economic inequality plays a huge part in composing this system. The
argument that has been proposed is that inequality structures political power and public policy. Having money always gets your far in this country,
especially when it comes to politics. Money can not only advance you, but it can corrupt you. When you come from wealth it makes entering the
political arena easier. That is what I will be arguing throughout this essay, the fact that there is inequality and that money is what runs politics.
American politics has always been a field that revolves around money. The economy and political system go hand and hand. Power in the United States
comes from economic power. As discussed in class "to understand political power in the United States one must appreciate the political power held
by corporate America" (Market as Prison). It is not unusual to see corporations and big businesses controlling the U.S. political power. To give a
prime example would be this year's presidential election. It was between Hillary Clinton who was the former Secretary of State and Donald Trump
who is a well–known business tycoon. Hillary Clinton is worth some 30 plus million dollars. Donald Trump is worth some 3 plus billion dollars.
Clearly money dominates politics. The fact that the two presidential candidates were both worth substantial amounts of money shows that. This
encompasses the idea of how economic

Essay on Public Policy and Administration
1.Over time, how have members of the field of public administration examined the subject of policy and administration (has the dichotomy changed)?
The studies of policy and administration have been viewed in different ways; overtime, the pre–modern era to its now 21st century outlook has
changed. In the beginning, kings had treasures and tax collector to oversee the daily business of the empire. Today these members are public servants
working in all levels of government; implanting various inputs to produce their desired policies as results. New policies in public administration spurred
from the peoples dissatisfaction with the government. From corruption, favoritism and self–preservation drew the attention of change; leading to the
...show more content...
303)
For example, "Two months after the attacks, Congress federalized airport security by passing the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, which
created the Transportation Security Administration. Prior to 9/11, security had been handled by each airport, which outsourced to private security
companies." Thereafter, TSA enforced a stricter security screening for passengers and luggage; personnel without tickets were banned from passing
through security. This showed political responsiveness and representation; according to the Washington Post, more than 263 government organizations
were either created or reorganized due to 9/11. (PBS.org)
2. How do states interact with other layers of government?
The term intergovernmental relationship is often used to describe the way the states interact with other layers of government. This also explains their
collaborative efforts in working together for a greater cause. The U.S. Constitution created what is called today as the Federalist system of government.
The Federalist system shaped several layers of government; some of the models use to explain the workings of the federalist system are the layer cake
model, the marble cake model, and the picket fence model. "The Constitution not only defines the structure and power of the federal government, but
also contains general provisions regarding state government." Furthermore, each state has its own constitution which contains provisions

Essay On Public Policy
Government Regulation: Public Policy
The Florida State Board of Nursing meet bimonthly, generally during the first week of every even month. The full board meetings include
disciplinary cases, application review, committee reports, rule discussions and other necessary Board actions. Board meetings are open to the public.
The meeting of my state board of nursing chosen for this scholarly paper related to Government Regulation: Public Policy, occurred September 26,
2017 the meeting agenda continued to covered amendments' to Administrative Complaints, (filed by state prisoners') to consider cases where probable
cause has previously been found. The meeting also addressed that Letters of Guidance (C's) and Dismissals (D's) are all CONFIDENTIAL...show more
content...
The review of this meeting of the Florida State Board of Nursing, bimonthly meeting was also very informative on what is considered a complaint that
is legally sufficient and the meaning of finding probable cause (sufficient reason), and the disciplinary proceedings and regulations and actions, as to
whether probable cause exists (The 2017 Florida Statutes. 2017).
The Florida Board of Nursing is the is the regulatory agency for professional nursing and plays an integral role in health care practice of nurses and
support staff (LPN, CNA) regulations as the board including Licensing and Registration, Renewal Information, continuing education units, scope of
practice, the nurse practice act The Florida Board of nursing also interact regularly with other nursing affiliated groups in Florida, as well as the
National Council of State Boards of Nursing. The role of our Florida Nurses Association (FLNA) professional nursing organizations in regulating
professional practice is first the only nursing organization representing all of nursing regardless of specialty or practice area, advocating for the nursing
profession (About the Florida Nurses Association. n. d. and The 2017 Florida Statutes. 2017).
They [FLNA] speak on behalf of nursing in Tallahassee (regional office) as well as before many regulatory bodies. The FLNA share our vision to
create a unified nursing advocacy program for

Law and Public Policy
Law and Public Policy Public policy is very important, as it sets the stage for many different laws and regulations (Cohen, 2012). The law addressed
here is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, more commonly known as "Obamacare." The law is designed to ensure that everyone
in the United States has healthcare coverage, but it also requires the vast majority of people to have that coverage (Patient, 2010). There are many
supporters of the law, since it gives those with pre–existing medical conditions a chance to get healthcare at reasonable rates. However, there are also
many people who are against the new law because they feel they should not be forced to buy insurance or anything else from the government. The
US government is calling Obamacare a "tax," in order to get around provisions that state the government cannot require citizens to buy products or
services from the government. Not everyone is happy about the way the healthcare law has been created or enacted, but regardless of any of that
there are many public policy issues that surround the healthcare law. The law comes from public policy regarding healthcare and welfare. In other
words, many people in the United States were (and still are) on government assistance healthcare (commonly called Medicaid). This is not the same as
Medicare, which is designed to be used by people who are of retirement age. Medicaid can be used by older people, but also by younger people who
are low–income (Patient,

Aidan Johnson
BBE2201
25 April 2016
The Impact of Public Policy on Global Energy And Climate Change As a political science major with a focus on international politics, energy and the
environment are not just a means to an end but instead they are the focus of the work itself. Rather than studying business and needing energy to run
things effectively, the study of international relationships is in the business of dealing with these large topics in energy reduction especially as they
relate to reducing carbon emissions. The deeper one dives into the real core of worldwide energy production the more complicated and hopelessly
confusing it may seem. With thousands of government policies dictating energy production, and hundreds of governments acting around the world to
come to agreements concerning emission and environmental protection, the concern of global climate change as a result of carbon emissions has been
seen by many as beyond hope. However, despite overwhelming odds, in December 2015 a landmark agreement was reached by 195 countries to
decrease global fossil fuel emissions and attempt to mitigate the effects of global warming. Just a few months later in April of 2016 it was signed into
effect by all of them, and while it still needs to be ratified in many countries this is a historic step towards protecting the environment from the
harmful effects of global warming. Ahead a brief outline of our domestic energy policy will be examined, followed by an overview of

Climate Change and Public Policy Essay examples
It is becoming increasingly certain that climate change will have severe adverse effects on the environment in years to come. Addressing this issue
poses a serious challenge for policy makers. How we choose to respond to the threat of global warming is not simply a political issue. It is also an
economic issue and an ethical one. Responsible, effective climate change policy requires consideration of a number of complex factors, including
weighing the costs of implementing climate change policies against the benefits of more environmentally sustainable practices. Furthermore, this
analysis must take place amidst serious gaps in the existing research and technology concerning the developing climatic condition. For these reasons,
global...show more content...
However, even for those who are less motivated by such moralistic calls to action, the fact remains that conservation is as much an economic issue as
an ethical one. While economic considerations are a problematic feature of climate change policy, under the proper analysis, they also serve as an
important motivator. Economic analysis that weighs all costs and benefits of a particular model must include environmental considerations. That is to
say, the potential for short–term economic losses caused by conservation in the present, should be measured against the dividends that conservation will
pay in the future (Nordhaus, 2007). If the earth is truly our most valuable commodity, then analysis under these conditions should recognize that if a
"dollar value" were placed on environmental sustainability, more often than not it would outweigh any initial monetary loss resultant of the
implementation of more sustainable practices. Indeed, if we accept the danger of global warming to be a real and present one, then the question of how
to address it must be given serious consideration. Research conducted from as early as the 1950s through the present has afforded us a solid
understanding of its causes. In the most basic sense, the problem lies in the burning of carbon–based fossil fuels such as carbon and oil which leads to
the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Gases such as CO2 are referred to as greenhouse gases (GHGs) which accumulate in the atmosphere. GHGs can

Essay on The Creation of Public Policy
This paper is about how our government forms and decides to create public policy through the interaction of the branches, the influence of political
parties, and the effects of media. So what is public policy? Public policy is the action taken by the government to make changes for the better. As the
paper goes on one will learn about this even further throughout it. When dealing with public policy and how it is created one must know how the idea
is even brought up and put into motion. Anyone can have an idea for public policy and bring it to the government to be made to change something.
When this happens a bill is created with this idea to later become a law if possible. Public policy is created because an issue arrives that...show more
content...
The second step is pointing out all possible decisions. This means making sure all options are pointed out to know every way that you could end
up going with the final decision. The third step is gathering research and information. This is where data is taken into account to help make a
decision easier. It shows all the pros and cons of each decision to be made. The fourth step is making the final decision. A final decision is decided
upon and is ready to be put into effect immediately. Lastly step five is evaluating the decision. The decision is looked at as a whole, to determine if
the choice is good or not. ("The Five–Step Decision Making Process ") All these steps have to be taken to create public policy. The role of the three
branches in creating public policy is pretty important first you start with the Legislative Branch. The legislative branch is where the public policy
creation starts. Someone presents an idea for public policy and they all vote on it. If any of the senators object the bill becomes postponed for the
next day. ("Government 101: How a Bill Becomes Law.") Then it is further passed down the committees from this point. The committee is chosen by
the speaker of the house or the presiding officer in the senate. "Government 101: How a Bill Becomes Law." () Usually multiple committees handle the
bill. They often split apart a committee and refer to them as subcommittees. The

Public Policy Issues in Texas
Public Policy Issues in Texas
Introduction:
As the largest state by area in the continental U.S. as the second most populous, Texas has its significant share of public policy challenges with which
to contend. And as the discussion hereafter will show, many of these challenges serve as a microcosm of the broader pubic policy issues facing the
United States. The issues addressed here below help to provide a better understanding of the complexities of public policy maintenance in a large and
diverse state.
Policy Issues: One public policy issue that is attracting a great deal of attention is the matter of prison reform. While a great many members of the
public support improvements in the safety, security and quality of life in prisons, few will endorse this at the expense of the same for law–abiding
citizens. However, according to Koh (2013), Texas is currently facing one such dilemma. According to Koh, "prison reforms may result in better
conditions for inmates, but those improvements come at the expense of welfare cash assistance and other government relief for the needy, according to a
study released this month by Rice University and Louisiana State University." (Koh, p. 1) This highlights the dilemma of public policy orientation
under the thumb of budgetary limits and demonstrates the difficulty of establishing priorities in the protection and furthering of the public's interests.
Another issue of public interest to Texans, and one that truly dominates headlines

Major Public Policy Issues In The United States
In the United States, you will find several public policy issues, some ranging from small issues to bigger issues. Public policy issues are a system of
laws that are publicly funded and regulated. You have multiple issues that keep recurring such as education the more education you want the more
money you will need. Then you also have the minimum wage laws stating that if start at a job you have you have no lower seven twenty–five unless
you are a waitress/waiter. One of the major public policy issues that surrounds the U.S today is public assistant. Public assistant are programs that are
governmentally funded made to help a certain class of people usually the poverty level people or sometimes even middle class. However not everyone
able to receive this help to receive these benefits you need to qualify. This means that you must make either gross a certain amount monthly and or
yearly to qualify. Some public assistance programs include Medicaid, food stamps, temporary assistance for needy families. Public...show more
content...
I have seen firsthand a family get denied because they were honest on their application vs. a family that was making double what they said they
were but lied to get the help that they needed. These doesn't only affect the people that cannot receive help but it also affects everyone else
because they receive all the help from the taxes that people pay. People want to know that their money is going to the good of people and not have
them feel like all their hard work is going to waste. People turn around and use all these benefits for the wrong reasons, if there was a way to monitor
the use of public programs money just to make sure that the money is being used for the right reasons. One of the things that I believe is good is the
fact that if they do check on you and you have lied on the application this will automatically ruin the chances of your kids receiving

Procedural Public Policy Essay
Despite the fact, that the idea behind the procedural public policy concerns only arbitration proceedings itself, still the concept has to be
scrutinized. Reference to the arbitral proceeding makes is understandable that procedural public policy deducts from the principle of due process .
Though, there exist affirmation whether procedural public policy overlaps with the Article 1 of the New York Convention or whether this
constitutes more than any breach of due process should not be a breach of public policy. According to the authors point of view, it has not sense to
restrict the due process only to cases, such as lack of proper notification or lack of arbitrators' qualification. Failure to present facts of the should
not automatically form a breach of due process and also breach of procedural public policy. One of the main disputable subject matters of the issue,
is how and when parties can properly apply procedural public policy. If case if we suppose that the overlap between two Articles of the New York
Convention, namely Article V 1 (b) and Article V 2 (b) exist, it has to be marked that the first one is used by the respondent (thereby the the need to
provide evidence is placed on the disputing party wishing to dismiss it) while the second one calls for qualified authority. Even...show more content...
The list consists of such elements as: breach of the possibility to be heard, violation of due process, fraud arbitrator, lack of reasons or impartiality,
lack of valid arbitration contract etc. Providing the list of grounds that discloses that procedural public policy is breached only if grave breach took
place, which consequently goes beyond the scope of Article V 1 of the New York Convention, mainly because of the fact that lex specialis derogate
legi generali. This non–comprehensive list of grounds makes procedural pubic policy more pragmatic is its

Public policy is created by addressing complicated issues which affect communities. Public policy requires a collaboration of ideas with purposes and
the means of achieving them. Society plays an important role in policymaking and utilization, which improves implementation not only in the public
sector but also in the private sector (Peters, 2016). Government agencies at all levels can manage and support policies.
A reported by Professor Donald F. Kettl (2014) described local zoning officials in Oso, Washington did not inform people of the potential risk of
building their homes on the hillside. Also, federal, state, and local officials did not share information well enough, so that decision makers were not
aware of the risks involved (Kettl,2014). The inadequate communication and collaboration between the levels of government resulted in lack of
resources for tragedy stricken communities. For instance, local nonprofit agencies offered more aid than federal, state, and local governments and
national organizations.
The mudslide tragedy of Oso, Washington buried many homes and 44 people lost their lives. Natural disasters are incidents that affect the population
by causing physical and emotional damages, loss of life, property damages, and sometimes emphasizes the failure of public administrative processes
(Donahue & Tuohy,2006, p.5). Thefederal government knows more about the risks, but they do not have power to act (Kettl,2014, p.3). Also, local
governments have the power

Public Policies Of A Public Policy

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Public Policies Of A Public Policy