Japanese encephalitis presentation for undergraduate medical students under preventive social medicine studying in india.

1. JAPANESE
ENCEPHALITIS
SALEEM SAYED
16809092,
FINAL M.B.B.S Part-I,
PREVENTIVE SOCIAL MEDICINE.

2. Japanese encephalitis
• Epidemiology
• Problem in india
• Vector and life cycle
• Treatment
• Prevention and control

3. Introduction & Epidemiology
• Japanese Encephalitis is a vector borne viral disease
that occurs in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia.
• Affects both man and animals.
• Caused by a Flavivirus (JEV)
• Transmitted by: mosquitoes belonging to the Culex
species.
• Globally 30,000 to 50,000 cases are reported every

4. GLOBAL SCENARIO OF J.ENCEPHALITIS

5. Problem in India :
• 1st recognised in india was in1955,Tamilnadu.
• As per 2014 data,1657 cases of JE were reported
in India with maximum number of cases from
Assam(761 cases)
• 293 deaths reported(Assam – 160 deaths).
• Tamilnadu 36 cases and 3 deaths.

6. INDIAN SCENARIO

7. VECTOR
• Culex tritaeniorhynchus , a rice field breeding mosquito
is the major vector for JE in most of the countries.
• Other vevtors in india are:
C.gelidus
C.fusocephala
C.vishnui
• Mosquitoes are responsible for:
PIG-MOSQUITO-PIG cycle
BIRDS-MOSQUITO-BIRDS cycle

8. LIFE CYCLE

9. Disease manifests in three phases:
• 1) Acute prodromal phase: before CNS entry by the
virus fever, G.I. disturbances, headache, malaise, etc
• 2) Encephalitic phase: After CNS entry by the virus
rapid onset of high fever, neck stiffness, seizures,
spastic paralysis and death
• 3) Recovery phase: complete or partial recovery with
neurological deficits, cranial nerve palsies occurs.
CLINICAL FEATURES
***Incubation period ranges between 5 and 15 days

10. TREATMENT
• No specific antiviral medicine available for JE
• Clinical management is supportive
• Fluid and electrolyte balance is a must during the
acute phase of the disease
• Seizure management is necessary
• Airway management is crucial

11. PREVENTION
• 4 types of vaccines are available for use against
JE…
1) Mouse brain derived killed vaccine
2) Cell culture based killed vaccine
3) Live attenuated vaccine
4) Live chimeric vaccine

12. CONTROL MEASURES
• Control of the reservoir:
Practically impossible to take care of reservoirs.
Pig rearing should be discouraged.
• Control of the vector:
Eco management of paddy fields can be done.
Ultra low volume insecticide spraying by fogging.