about poliomyelitis

1. POLIOMYELITIS

2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
 Introduction
 Definition
 Agent and ghost
 Types of viruses
 Sign and symptoms
 Pathophysiology
 Diagnosis and prevention
 Treatment
 Environmental factors
 Control measures
 Nursing management

3. INTRODUCTION
 Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is infectious
viral disease transmitted through the oral route
by ingestion of contaminated water or food or
contact with infected sources such as unwashed
hands.
 The virus is shed in the feces of infected
individual for as long as 6 weeks.
 The disease produces a range of presentations
from flu-like symptoms(abortive
poliomyelitis)that resolve in 24 to 36 hours(non
paralytic)to paralytic poliomyelitis that attacks the
motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal
cord and brainstem.

4. DEFINITION
 Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to
partial or full paralysis.
 Poliomyelitis is the combination of two words ‘polio’ and ‘myelitis’,
where-Polio means gray matter and ‘myelitis’ means inflammation
of spinal cord.
 Poliomyelitis is a disease starts with fever and end with or without
flaccid paralysis.

5. TYPES OF VIRUSES
 There are three types of
viruses .
 TYPE-1 Includes the
Brunhilde strains which are
pathogenic to man and
monkey.
 TYPE-2 Includes the
Lansing strains which are
responsible for diseases in
man, monkey, rodents(rats,
mice, etc).
 TYPE-3 includes(The Leon
Strain)are pathogenic only
to man and monkeys and
differ immunologically
from two types.

6. RESISTANCE
 The Poliomyelitis virus survives in
sterile water at room temperature for
more than 100days;in milk for
90days;in faeces in cold for more than
6months.
 It withstands exposure to 0.5-1percent
phenol solution and remains viable for
several weeks at pH 3.8 – 8.5.
 It is rapidly killed on boiling.

7. AGENT
 RNA virus type I, II and III.
 Type I is a wild polio virus which causes paralysis.
 The virus is found in stools and oropharyngeal
secretions of the infected persons.

8. HOST
 The portal of entry is ingestion.
 Incubation period is 7 to 14 days.
 6 months to 3 years are vulnerable group.
 .

9. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Non – paralytic polio infections develop flu like symptoms that consist
of fever, sore throat, headache, malaise and muscle stiffness(neck, back).
 Although in some case there is severe muscle aches and spasms, loss of
reflexes and flaccid paralysis.
 In some individuals, the paralysis may occur very quickly(within a few
hours after infection occurs).
 Sometimes the paralysis is only on one side of the body.
 Post – polio syndrome describes symptoms that develop in patients
about 30 to 40 years after an acute polio illness. The Post – polio
syndrome symptoms include muscle pain, joint pain and spinal changes
such as scoliosis, spondylosis and or secondary nerve root and
peripheral nerve compression.
 Slowly progressive muscle weakness(any muscles, including the eye
muscles and sometimes termed bulbar polio) generalized fatigue and
cold intolerance may occur.

10. PEOPLE AFFECTED BY POLIOMYELITIS

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