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Nature and Nurture in Language Acquisition Essay
Language is considered one of the attributes that define human beings as a unique species. We are the only species able to employ complex language
to communicate our feelings, intentions and also to teach others. Although language is such an exclusive and intricate skill, infants can learn it fairly
quickly. Child vocabulary grows very fast once they say their first words growing from 5ā€“20 words at 18ā€“months to about 6000 words by the age of 5
(Bates, 2003). This remarkable ability to acquire language is the basis for a central debate: how much of our ability to acquire, produce and understand
language is innate (genetically programmed) and how much is acquired by learning? This essay will focus on the debate between nature and nurture
...show more content...
Although this device allows children to understand and create all types of sentences (even if they have never heard them before) they need
environmental input to develop this skill, though environmental stimuli alone would not be enough to explain how children learn grammatical rules
since the speech they hear is frequently incomplete. An important aspect of Chomsky's theory is the transformational grammar, the phraseā€“structure
rules which indicate sentence order and expressions that are acceptable or unacceptable in a language. These rules are applied systematically in order to
generate adequate sentences in any language. The surface structure of the sentence refers to actual words or phrases (syntax) whereas deep structure is
related to meaning. According to Chomsky, when we hear a sentence, the transformational grammar allows us to transform meaning into sentences and
viceā€“versa. He argues that children are born able to learn the rules to transform deep structure into many different surface structures. Furthermore,
Chomsky's theory of "Universal Grammar" suggests that children are born with innate knowledge of grammatical principles and parameters common
to all languages. This theory proposes that children only need to learn the vocabulary and constraints of their native language by means of contact with
other people (e.g. use of explicit subject is required in English ā€“ "I am tired" while in Portuguese, it can be dropped ā€“ "Estou cansado"). Observational
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Essay on Nature vs Nurture
Nature vs. Nurture
M. B.
Liberty University
Psychology 101
Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature
and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. "As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width,
so do biology and experience together create us."(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical psychology,
believes: "Human behavior is influenced both by individual experience and also by an innate "collective unconscious" that vests all of us with certain
proclivities and tendencies."(Hayes, 2000, p. 7) From my personal life experience...show more content...
History
The history of the Nature vs. Nurture began with Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection. At one time, entire cultural groups were considered
to be inferior or superior by nature and ethnicity. During the late Middle Ages, philosophers began to recognize differences among groups dependent on
their socialization or nurture. Nature vs. Nurture began to be controversial in the 20th Century when the Nazis began to destroy humans of a certain
nature to develop the perfect human race. This prompted psychological debate on whether human identity was by nature or subject to socialism by
nurture. (Prien, Pitts, & Kamery, 2003, p. 51)
Characteristics
The characteristics of nature vs. nurture are quite different. Nature is those qualities about a person that are deemed genetic. Such genetics heritability
includes a person's color and gender. Nature is a person's biological determinism. Characteristics of nurture include environmental variation and external
influences. These characteristics are dependent on such factors as social status and education and the influence these factors have on a person's
character. In my opinion, both nature and nurture uniformly determine of person's personality and intelligence. This opinion is widely debated but not
debunked.
Concluding Thoughts
John Tooby and Leda Cosmides, two highly respected and influential people in the nature vs. nurture study state, "Evolutionary psychology is not just
another
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Nature vs. Nurture Essay
Nature vs. Nurture
When we look at the world around us today, we are struck by the amazing diversity that we see in people. There is a vast diversity in the
characteristics of people that are immediately obvious: short, tall; fat, thin; Asian, Caucasian; and many other characteristics. Each person as an
individual is unique, be it in physical outlook or character. How is it that of the 6 billion people on Earth, there are no 2 individuals who are exactly
alike? Every persons physical and psychological characteristics are determined by many factors, and these can be divided into 2 main groups: our genes
and our environment, or nature and nurture.
What are our genes? Genes are the chemical blueprint unique to each person. Different...show more content...
This shows that even in similar environments, differences will still arise regardless of their genetic constitution, i.e. minor variations will result in large
differences in phenotype regardless of genotype.
Human behaviour is a complex interaction between genes and the environment. In its more advanced forms, behaviour is not determined by genes. For
example, the most common behaviour found in adults of any race is the use of language, whereas in newborns, language must be taught. If it was
genetically determined, then the baby should be able to speak once born: the tongue and throat would not have to distort into positions they are not
used to. Primitive behaviour is more likely to be genetically programmed into an individual. For example, the sucking and grasping reflexes of a
newborn infant are present even in the womb, before any interaction with the environment is possible. These behavioural traits may involve reflex arcs
present only in newborns because after some time, the individuals no longer behave in this manner. Perhaps cultural influences cause an inhibition of
the neural pathway (such as the mother telling the infant to stop sucking it's thumb). The majority of behavioural traits are acquired later in the
development of an individual. Most people go through very strange behavioural changes in the course of their development, especially during
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College Essay On Nature And Nurture
Throughout my nineteen years of living I have gone through many events and have had many influences, both good and bad. Only a few of these
events I would consider significant. I believe that both nature and nurture played a role in these significant events. Nurture had the biggest impact in
my life and how I am today.
In my personal opinion nature and nurture both had a role in my depression and anxiety disorder. At the end of eight grade I started to get very sick.
My gallbladder had stopped functioning properly. I went back and forth to different doctors and the hospital. They would tell me that it is all in my
head. We finally found adoctor that believed me, and he ran test on me. It wasn't in my head, it was really happening to me.
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Nature Nurture Essay
To begin this essay, it is essential to define some key terms. The Natureā€“Nurture debate argues whether our behaviour is as a result of our biology (such
as our genes or neurochemistry), or if our behaviour arises from learning from others. For the purpose of this essay, a bully is defined as "a person
who uses their strength or power to hurt or frighten people who are weaker" (Oxford Student's dictionary, 2007). It is essential to investigate why
bullying occurs and how to prevent it as bullies as well as their victims are likely to develop mental health problems. Children and adolescents who
bully often develop increased levels of negative mental health outcomes in adulthood, as shown in Copeland, Wolk & Angold et al's (2013) study; 9.4%
...show more content...
However, these studies cannot be fully relied upon as it is difficult to falsify evolutionary theories of behaviour as we are unable to go back in time to
see how our ancestors truly acted, therefore much of this research is based upon inferences. Furthermore, both studies conducted by Volk et al are
correlational, so it is difficult to determine causation; other factors such as abuse within the family or peer pressure may have caused the increases in
bullying and in sexual behaviour.
Another aspect of nature that can be linked to bullying behaviour is genetics. Our genotype can create a vulnerability to certain mental illnesses or
behaviours, making it more likely that those with a certain gene will behave in such a way. To investigate the influences of genes, twin studies with
both monozygotic aka identical (MZ) and dizygotic aka nonā€“identical (DZ) twins are often used as MZ twins share 100% of the same genes, so they
may be more likely to both show the same behaviours compared to DZ twins. A twin study conducted by Ball et al (2007) found a 61% variation in
bullying behaviour to be genetic as opposed to environmental influences. The study also showed that MZ twins had a concordance rate of them both
engaging in bullying behaviour of 0.63, whereas DZ twins had a concordance rate of 0.33. Candidate genes have also been proposed to create
aggressive behaviours often seen in bullying. A study
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Nature Vs. Nurture Issues
The nature vs. nurture issues is the most important study of human development for many reasons. In fact, both issues play an important role in human
development over time. One main reason why nature vs. nurture is an important study in psychology today is because of its developmental traits. Traits
are characteristics inherited from your parents. Also, a trait is something that is passed down from generation, such as a person's personality. The article
stated many different interactions between nature and nurture. One nurtures interaction the article stated was that human traits are biologically pasted
down by parents. I agree with the fact that some traits are biologically pasted down by parents. In fact, some traits can become adopted
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Nature vs Nurture Essay
Nature or Nurture?
The Determination of Human Behaviour
The nature versus nurture debate has spanned over decades, and is becoming more heated in the recent years. Following the mapping of the human
genome, scientists are pursuing the possibility of controlling human behaviour such as homicidal tendencies or insanity through the manipulation of
genes. Is this possible for us to ensure that humans behave in certain ways under certain circumstances in future?
This is highly doubtful, as the determination of human behaviour depends not only on genes (nature), but also on the environment (nurture). It is usually
the "joint product of genes and environment", one of the first principles in Leda Cosmides and John Tooby in "Evolutionary...show more content...
Behaviour genetics include twin studies, family studies and adoption studies. Adoption studies focused on how people with different genetic makeā€“up,
brought up in a similar environment may or may not share similar behavioural patterns and family studies on people with the same genetic makeā€“up.
The results are not conclusive, although it is found that the possibility of people who are genetically similar, sharing similar behavioural traits is higher.
Twin studies remain our interest. Identical twins have 100% identical genes and the same sharedā€“environment (same home, same parents, same
siblings, etc) , and thus any differences between them will be the nonā€“shared environment (individual friends, own perceptions).
Fraternal twins share about 50% of their genes and the same sharedā€“environment. Studies made by comparing behavioural traits in these twins are once
again not conclusive: about 40% of the variance in these traits are genetic, 35% nonā€“shared environment and 5% shared environment.
("The Nature/Nurture Controversy, Frank Fujita. Attached)
The chances of similar genes creating similar behaviour is never 100 percent. The one thing that can be concluded, therefore, is that it takes a
combination of nature and nurture to create behavioural patterns as adherent to our thesis. To make it more evident that nature alone cannot determine
human behaviour, we
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Nature Vs Nurture Essay
Nature vs. Nurture It is a matter of concern whether human behaviors and characteristics are determined by nature or nurture. If a person's behavior is
inherited directly from the genes of his/her parents or other biological factors, then it is the nature that determines his character. But if the environment
that a person grew up in, affects his behavior, then it is the nurture that determines his/her character. It became a great matter of controversy among
scientists, psychologists and sociologists. Previously, many people believed that human behavior was instinctive. It can neither be taught nor learned.
But later some psychologists came to the conclusion that human behavior is learned throughout the lifetime which is not instinctive....show more
content...
This may not be because of particularly being a black man, but because of the culture he has adopted since his childhood. Here he somehow takes the
side of nurture. Many black people are assumed to be criminals. People judge them just by their appearance and the impression black people have
made in today's world. But this does not always mean that every black people are criminals and it's their biological factor that makes them do
crimes. We can take the example of Brent Staple. Even though he was an educated and good person, many people and especially white women fear
of him. But he was neither an uneducated person nor a criminal. He was brought up in a good family and properly nurtured by his parents. Therefore,
nurturing became the factor for his behavior. Similarly, there are examples given by another author Amy Cunningham in her essay, "Why Women
Smile". Although she focuses primarily on a smile, she tends to explain the actual cause of one's behavior. She explains that a smile or particularly a
women's smile comes from both natural happiness as well as the hope of people living around them, "The behavior seems to be an equal blend of
nature and nurture" (Cunningham 190). She further explains that both a normal baby and a blind baby smiles, although it may take a little longer for
the blind one. It means that the smiles are natural and should not be taught in all cases. However, there are situations where
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Nature Vs. Nurture : Addiction
Nature vs. Nurture: Addiction Introduction Psychology is a developing science which studies the mental functions, processes, and behaviors of an
individual. In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are
followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests
the environment impacts our psychological development. Addiction plays a large role in nature vs. nurture. Addiction is defined as a person being
attached to a certain activity or item; an addict is one who has a dependency on particular substances or activity. There are many debates on whether
addiction is caused by genes or the environment. Many researchers believe if they had the answer of addiction being a genetic condition or an
environmental factor, they would be able to resolve the problem of addicts, or so they believe. Nature Aspect on Addiction Addiction has been proven
to be in the genes of humans. "Addiction is a notorious treatmentā€“resistant psychiatric disorder characterized by the impairment of selfā€“monitoring, loss
of interest in other targets of pleasure, and uncorrectable impulsive/compulsive drugā€“seeking behaviors"(Todo, 2012,para.1).
Susan Ferguson stated that the basal ganglia system and the striatum are thought to create positive and negative
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Differences Between Nature Vs Nurture Essay
Throughout this paper, we will be comparing similarities and differences between our seven members based on the Big Five Inventory test results
to our Zodiac sign attributes. Each member of Psychology 101 Group 14 was required to take the OCEAN Big Personality Quiz, and then
compare the results to the other members of the team. Then after looking at the results individual members compared their scores to their Zodiac
signs to see if they could identify similarities. To begin, while looking at our comparatives scores of the OCEAN Big 5 Personality quizzes, we
found that a few group members were similar, although there was many differences in the group too. For example, Gabe and Damon were similar
in Openness, with a score of 41 and 35 respectively. On the other hand, Socoro and Vivianna were outliers in the group, with Vivianna having a
score of 5, and Socoro with a score of 59. We believe while the scores are closely related, our reasons for being close together in Openness value
more shows the debate between nature vs nurture. Gabe's belief on being in the 35th percentile is how he was raised throughout his family
environment similar to Kaitlyn in the 41st percentile, while Damon's belief for being in the 41st percentile was more so being born into the statistic
rather than recalling any events that contributed to his score. Rachael scored in the 16th percentile, which indicates a preference of a more regular
schedule. She believes that this is because of how she
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Nature Vs Nurture Essay
The old question about nature versus nurture has made a lot of different opinions in the world. Some people think that everything that they are, is
because genetic. However, other persons think that the environment makes who they are. In my opinion nature and nurture make people's life different,
depending what factor people take to develop the differences between nature and nurture, it can explain if all human behavior are learned or is part of
it inherited. Nurture is defined by the society and environment people live in. Most people take their personality or talents from the place where they
use to be. The environment influences people's life. The society can see how the personality of a person is by knowing who are the people around
...show more content...
This research gives a good explanation about how the different environments change the personality of the twins. They have the same genes but
their personalities have changed in a big way. Besides, the author describes the two twins. ABC claims that "Lily has no siblings; Gillian has two.
Lily's family is Presbyterian; Gillian's is Catholic. Lily's neighborhood is ethnically mixed; Gillian's is not. Lily's family celebrates some Chinese
holidays and plans on sending her to Chinese educational classes; Gillian's family does not, instead wanting her to become part of Canadian culture"
(ABC NEW). The twins' environment is totally different. It makes that their personality, way to talk, and express show as they weren't twins. Nurture
is described by the environment that people live in. Depending the place where a person is, can affect or benefit him. Nature emphasizes in how
people acquire things by genetic, hereditary tendencies and biological factors. Some people use to copy or obtain different characteristics from their
family. In many families, people make hereditary tendencies to the next generations year by year. In addition, children acquire many things from their
parents. Such as, gender, psychological disorders, eye color, hair, lips, dimples, curled toes, eating habits, and stress. The web site ThoughtCo provides
a briefly explanation of nature using homosexuality as support. Crossman claims that "Homosexuality is considered a genetic result rather than a
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What Is Nature Or Nurture Essay
"It's Nurture, Not Nature" A question that many psychologists ponder is "What determines your personality and behavior: nature or nurture?" There
have been countless studies and experiments that attempt to prove one side or the other. From twin studies to evidence of breaking the cycle of
abuse, it can be seen that personality and behavior are due to nurture, not nature. A prime example that personality and behavioral patterns are based
on nature is alcoholism and drug abuse. Popular belief is that if your parent is an alcoholic or drug addict, you will become an addict too. Yes,
people who are the children of alcoholics "are at [an] increased risk" of using drugs or abusing alcohol along with "behavioral and emotional...show
more content...
The study showed that "a personal abuse history was not significantly associated with either child abuse potential or dysfunctional disciplinary style"
(Rodriguez and Tucker 252). If dysfunctional parenting styles and abuse were genetic; the cycle of abuse would never end. This study proves the
cycle of abuse can be broken and you have the power to control your behavior. It is also evident through tin studies that nurture determines personality
and behavioral patterns. In most twin studies testing personality and behavioral differences, the twins are not raised in the same environment. In this
study, monozygotic twins who are "identical in gender, age, and genetic makeup" who also live in the same home are used (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and
Zhang 300). They will be testing the effortful control of each twin. This means they will be testing a "regulative dimension of temperament, which is
associated with later internalizing and externalizing problems" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 300). 585 pairs of monozygotic twins, "from 11 to 18
years [old]" were used in this study (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang and Zhang 301). The parents involved in the study were asked to assess their children's
"capacity to voluntarily regulate behavior and attention" using "a scale ranging from 1 (almost always untrue) through 5 (almost always true)" (Guo,
Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The children would then rate their mothers as "nurturanceā€“involved parenting, harshā€“inconsistent parenting, maternal
warmth, and hostility" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The study revealed that nurture "was associated with adolescents' effortful control"
(Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 305). Researchers determined "that negative maternal parenting (harshā€“inconsistent) and maternal negative
expressivity (hostility) were linked to lower levels of effortful control, whereas positive maternal parenting (nurturanceā€“involvement) and maternal
expression of positive emotion (warmth) were
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Nature Vs. Nurture Essay
Nature vs. Nurture Essay Throughout many years, scientists have been debating about whether nature or nurture is the driving force that shapes a
person's cognitive abilities and personal traits. Before the ongoing debate can be explained, it is necessary to understand what nature and nurture
actually are. Nature is loosely defined as the genetics one inherits and tendencies that influence development. Many things in an individual are
hereditary, for instance; gender, disease, height, eye color, natural talent for an activity, and many more. Nurture can be defined as various
environmental factors that a person is exposed to, which can influence how a person develops. Nurture affects an individual's growth through multiple
ways such as: stressors, activities, intellect and experiences, physically, emotionally, and socially through peers. Progressively, many are realizing that
asking to what extent environment or genetics influence a person's traits is not necessarily the correct way to approach the debate. In all actuality there
is not an easy way to sort through the multiple forces that exist in these situations. However, numerous researchers are now looking at how the two
factors intertwine and influence one another because only one of them could not simply exist alone without the other very well. Nature and nurture
coexist and work together to help shape a person, whether that is from the two working equally or one being slightly more predominant over the other,
however
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Nature Vs Nurture And Gender Identity Essay
Nurture plays a greater role than nature on the formation of an individual's gender identity, influenced by: parental, environmental experiences and
taught behaviours through media. Family guidance proves to influence one's individuality throughout the early years of childhood. Newā€“borns require
billions of nerve cells primarily made in the first three years of a human's life; making the important connection, which determines a person's
intellectual, emotional, and social makeā€“up. These connections are the fundamental bases, influencing an individual's gender identity and whoever and
whatever comes in contact with the child will have an effect on them. Similarly to how family influences the early stages of a child's brain
development, environmental
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Essay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture
The nature versus nurture debate is an old issue within the field of psychology.
"The natureā€“nurture issue is a perennial one that has resurfaced in current psychiatry as a series of debates on the role that genes (DNA) and
environments play in the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders" (Schaffner)
The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human
development. Naturally, the nature versus nurture debate relates to many controversies such as intelligence, gender identities, violent behaviors, and
sexual orientation.
There are countless studies on whether intelligence is an inherited trait or if it is influenced by environmental...show more content...
Based on these conclusions made by the study, it is acceptable to infer that there is a greater difference in intelligence that can be attributed to
hereditary factors. The results also show what a drastic change that hereditary factors can impose on intelligence; I found this quite interesting as I
previously thought that environmental factors would influence studying patterns and etc. Though the study was conducted in a professional manner,
the theory of possessing more intelligence based on hereditary conditions would need to be researched more. There are ongoing studies on the
natureā€“nurture and intelligence question.
Another study on intelligence has shown:
"A definite tendency for children in homes of higher socioā€“economic status, especially those with more highly educated parents, to make above
average scores after two years of age, whereas children whose parents have less education make lower scores" (Bayley).
Based on this and the aforementioned study, we can see where controversy can occur. Both studies claim to have taken into account environmental
factors, but the second study concludes that environmental factors do play a role in the development of intelligence of children. The two differing
viewpoints are what cause the debate. According to Kendra Cherry, "The majority of experts believe that behavior and development are influenced by
both nature and nurture..." If this were proven to be true, both
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Essay about Child Development, Nature vs Nurture
.
The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions ofgenetic inheritance and
environmental factors to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they
simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other wellā€“known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as tabula rasa,
which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our knowledge is determined by our
experience.
For example, when a person achieves tremendous academic success, did they do so because they are genetically predisposed to be...show more content...
Babies begin to take in sensory experiences from the world around them from the moment of birth, and the environment will continue to exert a
powerful influence on behavior throughout life. Geneticscan have a powerful influence on development, but experiences are equally important. For
example, while the genetic code contains the information on how a child's brain may be preā€“wired, it is learning and experience that will literally
shape how that child's brain grows and develops.
Final ThoughtsClearly, genetics have an enormous influence on how a child develops. However, it is important to remember that genetics are just one
piece of the intricate puzzle that makes up a child's life. Environmental variables, including parenting, culture, education and social relationships also
play a vital role.
Nature versus Nurture is a popular debate about whether our genetics, or environmental influences "mold" more of who we are. An example is whether
you get your outā€“going personality because of your DNA, or because you grew up in an environment that made you outā€“going. Nature is your genes,
Nurture is environmental influences.Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_argument_of_nature_vs_nurture#ixzz29QTunXP3
The nature vs nurture debate is one of the most enduring in the field of psychology.How far are human behaviors, ideas, and feelings, INNATE and
how far are they all LEARNED?These issues are at the
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Essay on Nature vs Nurture Debate
Nature vs Nurture Debate
Nature versus Nurture is the issue of the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior and development. In this issue nature can be
defined as, behaviors due to heredity. Which means behaviors are based on the genetic makeup of an individual and is an influence of the individuals'
growth and development throughout life. On the other hand nurture are causes of behaviors that are environmental. Which means the influence is
from, parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences to which the individual is exposed to.
Throughout my childhood, I didn't grow up free of environmental influences nor did I develop without being affected by my inherited genetic makeup.
I think...show more content...
In reading stories about identical twins my point of view is easily understood. Various types of psychologist have analyzed the study of identical twins.
It shows that individuals with the same genetic makeā€“up can be totally different, when it comes to personality. Nurture promotes the twins to grow up
as separate individuals. Its a lot better if a twin has his or her own personality rather than the same exact personality of the other half. I think this great
debate weighs heavier on the nurture side. As a child my parents, and sibling overshadowed my genetic makeā€“up. No matter how much I thought my
physical traits made me behave. It did not affect me more than the things that I had seen and been exposed to. The more things that I had seen around
and experienced made me the person that I am today. If my genetic makeā€“up was totally different, to a certain extent, I am sure that I?d behave the
same way that I do presently. There are exceptions to that. For instance if I were six foot five and one hundred and ninety pounds, I?d most likely
be in the NBA and be really rich. I think if I was really rich and in the NBA I wouldn?t have the same worries that I have today. Even if before I were
in the NBA I would have lots of attention and have a lot more confidence. So to an extent I would change a little if my genetic makeā€“up were different.
In a sense, genetic makeā€“up is just a competitor to the environmental factors
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Nature vs. Nurture Essay
Nature vs Nurture
For the past five weeks we have studied three different but influential people in our perspective on human nature class. They are Freud, Plato and Tzu.
The main discussion between all of them is nature versus nurture. I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I'll apply to each of
these philosophers and how they react to it.
When looked up in the dictionary the term nature means the universe and its phenomena or one's own character and temperament. When discussed with
these philosophers it is meant as one's own character revolved around the universe for which they live in, basically they're surroundings. At the same
time when I looked up the word nurture it said the upbringing,...show more content...
Not because we were taught those things but for the fact that they are instincts embedded in our minds for survival. For nurture the psychosexual
development is due majorly because of nurture. From oral to analā€“retentive these are all due to expressive characteristics that are given or raised from
birth. The one that has the most effect is the structural model. Reasons for me stating this is because the id is the primitive part of the mind that is
basically a natural instinct. At the same time the ego is also because of natural instinct simply because of the reality principle. Freud even went as far
as stating, "..adults egoā€“feeling can't have been the same from beginning. It must have gone through a process of development"(13). The part where it
changes is the superego, which is the only form of nurture in the psychoanalytic perspective, which is because the superego only developed because
the child began to incorporate parental values and also operates according to the raising and discipline of the parents.
Now if you look at Plato's point of view Plato supports nurture more than nature. The only points that Plato made that would seem to support nature is
the point he made for example is when he talks about female guards. The reason for this is also because he feels that women should be given lighter
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Nature And Nurture
Mental illness has been a mystery seemingly unsolvable for thousands of years. Mental illness only became known as new brain imaging technologies
were invented in the 20th century. In the present day depression and anxiety are commonplace, and they run rampant in our schools as adolescents
face the challenges of becoming adults, working men and women put a smile on for innocent children while they internally panic at the thought of
this week's deadline, and the rich and famous can often be seen turning to drugs and alcohol only for the report to come out a week later, they have
depression and anxiety, no one is surprised. We know what these illnesses do furthermore we know how to treat them but no answer has been put
forward or accepted...show more content...
The rats which were depressed were lethargic and lacked survival instincts when tested however with therapy in the form of a rat sized playground
they began to show signs of recovery within a month despite their genes. This experiment was also reversed to try to cause depression and was
successful "the stressed control rats displayed depressed behaviors when placed in a tank of water. They simply floatedā€“ despair behaviorā€“ and didn't
try to escape"(3). The science is improving nevertheless humans are complex creatures and hard to study; the experiments conducted on rats cannot be
replicated in humans therefore the research has to take a path of observation and
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Nature And Nurture In Language Acquisition Essay

  • 1. Nature and Nurture in Language Acquisition Essay Language is considered one of the attributes that define human beings as a unique species. We are the only species able to employ complex language to communicate our feelings, intentions and also to teach others. Although language is such an exclusive and intricate skill, infants can learn it fairly quickly. Child vocabulary grows very fast once they say their first words growing from 5ā€“20 words at 18ā€“months to about 6000 words by the age of 5 (Bates, 2003). This remarkable ability to acquire language is the basis for a central debate: how much of our ability to acquire, produce and understand language is innate (genetically programmed) and how much is acquired by learning? This essay will focus on the debate between nature and nurture ...show more content... Although this device allows children to understand and create all types of sentences (even if they have never heard them before) they need environmental input to develop this skill, though environmental stimuli alone would not be enough to explain how children learn grammatical rules since the speech they hear is frequently incomplete. An important aspect of Chomsky's theory is the transformational grammar, the phraseā€“structure rules which indicate sentence order and expressions that are acceptable or unacceptable in a language. These rules are applied systematically in order to generate adequate sentences in any language. The surface structure of the sentence refers to actual words or phrases (syntax) whereas deep structure is related to meaning. According to Chomsky, when we hear a sentence, the transformational grammar allows us to transform meaning into sentences and viceā€“versa. He argues that children are born able to learn the rules to transform deep structure into many different surface structures. Furthermore, Chomsky's theory of "Universal Grammar" suggests that children are born with innate knowledge of grammatical principles and parameters common to all languages. This theory proposes that children only need to learn the vocabulary and constraints of their native language by means of contact with other people (e.g. use of explicit subject is required in English ā€“ "I am tired" while in Portuguese, it can be dropped ā€“ "Estou cansado"). Observational Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Essay on Nature vs Nurture Nature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. "As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us."(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical psychology, believes: "Human behavior is influenced both by individual experience and also by an innate "collective unconscious" that vests all of us with certain proclivities and tendencies."(Hayes, 2000, p. 7) From my personal life experience...show more content... History The history of the Nature vs. Nurture began with Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection. At one time, entire cultural groups were considered to be inferior or superior by nature and ethnicity. During the late Middle Ages, philosophers began to recognize differences among groups dependent on their socialization or nurture. Nature vs. Nurture began to be controversial in the 20th Century when the Nazis began to destroy humans of a certain nature to develop the perfect human race. This prompted psychological debate on whether human identity was by nature or subject to socialism by nurture. (Prien, Pitts, & Kamery, 2003, p. 51) Characteristics The characteristics of nature vs. nurture are quite different. Nature is those qualities about a person that are deemed genetic. Such genetics heritability includes a person's color and gender. Nature is a person's biological determinism. Characteristics of nurture include environmental variation and external influences. These characteristics are dependent on such factors as social status and education and the influence these factors have on a person's character. In my opinion, both nature and nurture uniformly determine of person's personality and intelligence. This opinion is widely debated but not debunked. Concluding Thoughts John Tooby and Leda Cosmides, two highly respected and influential people in the nature vs. nurture study state, "Evolutionary psychology is not just another
  • 3. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Nature vs. Nurture Essay Nature vs. Nurture When we look at the world around us today, we are struck by the amazing diversity that we see in people. There is a vast diversity in the characteristics of people that are immediately obvious: short, tall; fat, thin; Asian, Caucasian; and many other characteristics. Each person as an individual is unique, be it in physical outlook or character. How is it that of the 6 billion people on Earth, there are no 2 individuals who are exactly alike? Every persons physical and psychological characteristics are determined by many factors, and these can be divided into 2 main groups: our genes and our environment, or nature and nurture. What are our genes? Genes are the chemical blueprint unique to each person. Different...show more content... This shows that even in similar environments, differences will still arise regardless of their genetic constitution, i.e. minor variations will result in large differences in phenotype regardless of genotype. Human behaviour is a complex interaction between genes and the environment. In its more advanced forms, behaviour is not determined by genes. For example, the most common behaviour found in adults of any race is the use of language, whereas in newborns, language must be taught. If it was genetically determined, then the baby should be able to speak once born: the tongue and throat would not have to distort into positions they are not used to. Primitive behaviour is more likely to be genetically programmed into an individual. For example, the sucking and grasping reflexes of a newborn infant are present even in the womb, before any interaction with the environment is possible. These behavioural traits may involve reflex arcs present only in newborns because after some time, the individuals no longer behave in this manner. Perhaps cultural influences cause an inhibition of the neural pathway (such as the mother telling the infant to stop sucking it's thumb). The majority of behavioural traits are acquired later in the development of an individual. Most people go through very strange behavioural changes in the course of their development, especially during Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. College Essay On Nature And Nurture Throughout my nineteen years of living I have gone through many events and have had many influences, both good and bad. Only a few of these events I would consider significant. I believe that both nature and nurture played a role in these significant events. Nurture had the biggest impact in my life and how I am today. In my personal opinion nature and nurture both had a role in my depression and anxiety disorder. At the end of eight grade I started to get very sick. My gallbladder had stopped functioning properly. I went back and forth to different doctors and the hospital. They would tell me that it is all in my head. We finally found adoctor that believed me, and he ran test on me. It wasn't in my head, it was really happening to me. Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Nature Nurture Essay To begin this essay, it is essential to define some key terms. The Natureā€“Nurture debate argues whether our behaviour is as a result of our biology (such as our genes or neurochemistry), or if our behaviour arises from learning from others. For the purpose of this essay, a bully is defined as "a person who uses their strength or power to hurt or frighten people who are weaker" (Oxford Student's dictionary, 2007). It is essential to investigate why bullying occurs and how to prevent it as bullies as well as their victims are likely to develop mental health problems. Children and adolescents who bully often develop increased levels of negative mental health outcomes in adulthood, as shown in Copeland, Wolk & Angold et al's (2013) study; 9.4% ...show more content... However, these studies cannot be fully relied upon as it is difficult to falsify evolutionary theories of behaviour as we are unable to go back in time to see how our ancestors truly acted, therefore much of this research is based upon inferences. Furthermore, both studies conducted by Volk et al are correlational, so it is difficult to determine causation; other factors such as abuse within the family or peer pressure may have caused the increases in bullying and in sexual behaviour. Another aspect of nature that can be linked to bullying behaviour is genetics. Our genotype can create a vulnerability to certain mental illnesses or behaviours, making it more likely that those with a certain gene will behave in such a way. To investigate the influences of genes, twin studies with both monozygotic aka identical (MZ) and dizygotic aka nonā€“identical (DZ) twins are often used as MZ twins share 100% of the same genes, so they may be more likely to both show the same behaviours compared to DZ twins. A twin study conducted by Ball et al (2007) found a 61% variation in bullying behaviour to be genetic as opposed to environmental influences. The study also showed that MZ twins had a concordance rate of them both engaging in bullying behaviour of 0.63, whereas DZ twins had a concordance rate of 0.33. Candidate genes have also been proposed to create aggressive behaviours often seen in bullying. A study Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Nature Vs. Nurture Issues The nature vs. nurture issues is the most important study of human development for many reasons. In fact, both issues play an important role in human development over time. One main reason why nature vs. nurture is an important study in psychology today is because of its developmental traits. Traits are characteristics inherited from your parents. Also, a trait is something that is passed down from generation, such as a person's personality. The article stated many different interactions between nature and nurture. One nurtures interaction the article stated was that human traits are biologically pasted down by parents. I agree with the fact that some traits are biologically pasted down by parents. In fact, some traits can become adopted Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Nature vs Nurture Essay Nature or Nurture? The Determination of Human Behaviour The nature versus nurture debate has spanned over decades, and is becoming more heated in the recent years. Following the mapping of the human genome, scientists are pursuing the possibility of controlling human behaviour such as homicidal tendencies or insanity through the manipulation of genes. Is this possible for us to ensure that humans behave in certain ways under certain circumstances in future? This is highly doubtful, as the determination of human behaviour depends not only on genes (nature), but also on the environment (nurture). It is usually the "joint product of genes and environment", one of the first principles in Leda Cosmides and John Tooby in "Evolutionary...show more content... Behaviour genetics include twin studies, family studies and adoption studies. Adoption studies focused on how people with different genetic makeā€“up, brought up in a similar environment may or may not share similar behavioural patterns and family studies on people with the same genetic makeā€“up. The results are not conclusive, although it is found that the possibility of people who are genetically similar, sharing similar behavioural traits is higher. Twin studies remain our interest. Identical twins have 100% identical genes and the same sharedā€“environment (same home, same parents, same siblings, etc) , and thus any differences between them will be the nonā€“shared environment (individual friends, own perceptions). Fraternal twins share about 50% of their genes and the same sharedā€“environment. Studies made by comparing behavioural traits in these twins are once again not conclusive: about 40% of the variance in these traits are genetic, 35% nonā€“shared environment and 5% shared environment. ("The Nature/Nurture Controversy, Frank Fujita. Attached) The chances of similar genes creating similar behaviour is never 100 percent. The one thing that can be concluded, therefore, is that it takes a combination of nature and nurture to create behavioural patterns as adherent to our thesis. To make it more evident that nature alone cannot determine human behaviour, we Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Nature Vs Nurture Essay Nature vs. Nurture It is a matter of concern whether human behaviors and characteristics are determined by nature or nurture. If a person's behavior is inherited directly from the genes of his/her parents or other biological factors, then it is the nature that determines his character. But if the environment that a person grew up in, affects his behavior, then it is the nurture that determines his/her character. It became a great matter of controversy among scientists, psychologists and sociologists. Previously, many people believed that human behavior was instinctive. It can neither be taught nor learned. But later some psychologists came to the conclusion that human behavior is learned throughout the lifetime which is not instinctive....show more content... This may not be because of particularly being a black man, but because of the culture he has adopted since his childhood. Here he somehow takes the side of nurture. Many black people are assumed to be criminals. People judge them just by their appearance and the impression black people have made in today's world. But this does not always mean that every black people are criminals and it's their biological factor that makes them do crimes. We can take the example of Brent Staple. Even though he was an educated and good person, many people and especially white women fear of him. But he was neither an uneducated person nor a criminal. He was brought up in a good family and properly nurtured by his parents. Therefore, nurturing became the factor for his behavior. Similarly, there are examples given by another author Amy Cunningham in her essay, "Why Women Smile". Although she focuses primarily on a smile, she tends to explain the actual cause of one's behavior. She explains that a smile or particularly a women's smile comes from both natural happiness as well as the hope of people living around them, "The behavior seems to be an equal blend of nature and nurture" (Cunningham 190). She further explains that both a normal baby and a blind baby smiles, although it may take a little longer for the blind one. It means that the smiles are natural and should not be taught in all cases. However, there are situations where Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Nature Vs. Nurture : Addiction Nature vs. Nurture: Addiction Introduction Psychology is a developing science which studies the mental functions, processes, and behaviors of an individual. In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests the environment impacts our psychological development. Addiction plays a large role in nature vs. nurture. Addiction is defined as a person being attached to a certain activity or item; an addict is one who has a dependency on particular substances or activity. There are many debates on whether addiction is caused by genes or the environment. Many researchers believe if they had the answer of addiction being a genetic condition or an environmental factor, they would be able to resolve the problem of addicts, or so they believe. Nature Aspect on Addiction Addiction has been proven to be in the genes of humans. "Addiction is a notorious treatmentā€“resistant psychiatric disorder characterized by the impairment of selfā€“monitoring, loss of interest in other targets of pleasure, and uncorrectable impulsive/compulsive drugā€“seeking behaviors"(Todo, 2012,para.1). Susan Ferguson stated that the basal ganglia system and the striatum are thought to create positive and negative Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Differences Between Nature Vs Nurture Essay Throughout this paper, we will be comparing similarities and differences between our seven members based on the Big Five Inventory test results to our Zodiac sign attributes. Each member of Psychology 101 Group 14 was required to take the OCEAN Big Personality Quiz, and then compare the results to the other members of the team. Then after looking at the results individual members compared their scores to their Zodiac signs to see if they could identify similarities. To begin, while looking at our comparatives scores of the OCEAN Big 5 Personality quizzes, we found that a few group members were similar, although there was many differences in the group too. For example, Gabe and Damon were similar in Openness, with a score of 41 and 35 respectively. On the other hand, Socoro and Vivianna were outliers in the group, with Vivianna having a score of 5, and Socoro with a score of 59. We believe while the scores are closely related, our reasons for being close together in Openness value more shows the debate between nature vs nurture. Gabe's belief on being in the 35th percentile is how he was raised throughout his family environment similar to Kaitlyn in the 41st percentile, while Damon's belief for being in the 41st percentile was more so being born into the statistic rather than recalling any events that contributed to his score. Rachael scored in the 16th percentile, which indicates a preference of a more regular schedule. She believes that this is because of how she Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Nature Vs Nurture Essay The old question about nature versus nurture has made a lot of different opinions in the world. Some people think that everything that they are, is because genetic. However, other persons think that the environment makes who they are. In my opinion nature and nurture make people's life different, depending what factor people take to develop the differences between nature and nurture, it can explain if all human behavior are learned or is part of it inherited. Nurture is defined by the society and environment people live in. Most people take their personality or talents from the place where they use to be. The environment influences people's life. The society can see how the personality of a person is by knowing who are the people around ...show more content... This research gives a good explanation about how the different environments change the personality of the twins. They have the same genes but their personalities have changed in a big way. Besides, the author describes the two twins. ABC claims that "Lily has no siblings; Gillian has two. Lily's family is Presbyterian; Gillian's is Catholic. Lily's neighborhood is ethnically mixed; Gillian's is not. Lily's family celebrates some Chinese holidays and plans on sending her to Chinese educational classes; Gillian's family does not, instead wanting her to become part of Canadian culture" (ABC NEW). The twins' environment is totally different. It makes that their personality, way to talk, and express show as they weren't twins. Nurture is described by the environment that people live in. Depending the place where a person is, can affect or benefit him. Nature emphasizes in how people acquire things by genetic, hereditary tendencies and biological factors. Some people use to copy or obtain different characteristics from their family. In many families, people make hereditary tendencies to the next generations year by year. In addition, children acquire many things from their parents. Such as, gender, psychological disorders, eye color, hair, lips, dimples, curled toes, eating habits, and stress. The web site ThoughtCo provides a briefly explanation of nature using homosexuality as support. Crossman claims that "Homosexuality is considered a genetic result rather than a Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. What Is Nature Or Nurture Essay "It's Nurture, Not Nature" A question that many psychologists ponder is "What determines your personality and behavior: nature or nurture?" There have been countless studies and experiments that attempt to prove one side or the other. From twin studies to evidence of breaking the cycle of abuse, it can be seen that personality and behavior are due to nurture, not nature. A prime example that personality and behavioral patterns are based on nature is alcoholism and drug abuse. Popular belief is that if your parent is an alcoholic or drug addict, you will become an addict too. Yes, people who are the children of alcoholics "are at [an] increased risk" of using drugs or abusing alcohol along with "behavioral and emotional...show more content... The study showed that "a personal abuse history was not significantly associated with either child abuse potential or dysfunctional disciplinary style" (Rodriguez and Tucker 252). If dysfunctional parenting styles and abuse were genetic; the cycle of abuse would never end. This study proves the cycle of abuse can be broken and you have the power to control your behavior. It is also evident through tin studies that nurture determines personality and behavioral patterns. In most twin studies testing personality and behavioral differences, the twins are not raised in the same environment. In this study, monozygotic twins who are "identical in gender, age, and genetic makeup" who also live in the same home are used (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 300). They will be testing the effortful control of each twin. This means they will be testing a "regulative dimension of temperament, which is associated with later internalizing and externalizing problems" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 300). 585 pairs of monozygotic twins, "from 11 to 18 years [old]" were used in this study (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang and Zhang 301). The parents involved in the study were asked to assess their children's "capacity to voluntarily regulate behavior and attention" using "a scale ranging from 1 (almost always untrue) through 5 (almost always true)" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The children would then rate their mothers as "nurturanceā€“involved parenting, harshā€“inconsistent parenting, maternal warmth, and hostility" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 302). The study revealed that nurture "was associated with adolescents' effortful control" (Guo, Chen, Li, Yang, and Zhang 305). Researchers determined "that negative maternal parenting (harshā€“inconsistent) and maternal negative expressivity (hostility) were linked to lower levels of effortful control, whereas positive maternal parenting (nurturanceā€“involvement) and maternal expression of positive emotion (warmth) were Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Nature Vs. Nurture Essay Nature vs. Nurture Essay Throughout many years, scientists have been debating about whether nature or nurture is the driving force that shapes a person's cognitive abilities and personal traits. Before the ongoing debate can be explained, it is necessary to understand what nature and nurture actually are. Nature is loosely defined as the genetics one inherits and tendencies that influence development. Many things in an individual are hereditary, for instance; gender, disease, height, eye color, natural talent for an activity, and many more. Nurture can be defined as various environmental factors that a person is exposed to, which can influence how a person develops. Nurture affects an individual's growth through multiple ways such as: stressors, activities, intellect and experiences, physically, emotionally, and socially through peers. Progressively, many are realizing that asking to what extent environment or genetics influence a person's traits is not necessarily the correct way to approach the debate. In all actuality there is not an easy way to sort through the multiple forces that exist in these situations. However, numerous researchers are now looking at how the two factors intertwine and influence one another because only one of them could not simply exist alone without the other very well. Nature and nurture coexist and work together to help shape a person, whether that is from the two working equally or one being slightly more predominant over the other, however Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Nature Vs Nurture And Gender Identity Essay Nurture plays a greater role than nature on the formation of an individual's gender identity, influenced by: parental, environmental experiences and taught behaviours through media. Family guidance proves to influence one's individuality throughout the early years of childhood. Newā€“borns require billions of nerve cells primarily made in the first three years of a human's life; making the important connection, which determines a person's intellectual, emotional, and social makeā€“up. These connections are the fundamental bases, influencing an individual's gender identity and whoever and whatever comes in contact with the child will have an effect on them. Similarly to how family influences the early stages of a child's brain development, environmental Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Essay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture The nature versus nurture debate is an old issue within the field of psychology. "The natureā€“nurture issue is a perennial one that has resurfaced in current psychiatry as a series of debates on the role that genes (DNA) and environments play in the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders" (Schaffner) The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human development. Naturally, the nature versus nurture debate relates to many controversies such as intelligence, gender identities, violent behaviors, and sexual orientation. There are countless studies on whether intelligence is an inherited trait or if it is influenced by environmental...show more content... Based on these conclusions made by the study, it is acceptable to infer that there is a greater difference in intelligence that can be attributed to hereditary factors. The results also show what a drastic change that hereditary factors can impose on intelligence; I found this quite interesting as I previously thought that environmental factors would influence studying patterns and etc. Though the study was conducted in a professional manner, the theory of possessing more intelligence based on hereditary conditions would need to be researched more. There are ongoing studies on the natureā€“nurture and intelligence question. Another study on intelligence has shown: "A definite tendency for children in homes of higher socioā€“economic status, especially those with more highly educated parents, to make above average scores after two years of age, whereas children whose parents have less education make lower scores" (Bayley). Based on this and the aforementioned study, we can see where controversy can occur. Both studies claim to have taken into account environmental factors, but the second study concludes that environmental factors do play a role in the development of intelligence of children. The two differing viewpoints are what cause the debate. According to Kendra Cherry, "The majority of experts believe that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture..." If this were proven to be true, both Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Essay about Child Development, Nature vs Nurture . The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions ofgenetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other wellā€“known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our knowledge is determined by our experience. For example, when a person achieves tremendous academic success, did they do so because they are genetically predisposed to be...show more content... Babies begin to take in sensory experiences from the world around them from the moment of birth, and the environment will continue to exert a powerful influence on behavior throughout life. Geneticscan have a powerful influence on development, but experiences are equally important. For example, while the genetic code contains the information on how a child's brain may be preā€“wired, it is learning and experience that will literally shape how that child's brain grows and develops. Final ThoughtsClearly, genetics have an enormous influence on how a child develops. However, it is important to remember that genetics are just one piece of the intricate puzzle that makes up a child's life. Environmental variables, including parenting, culture, education and social relationships also play a vital role. Nature versus Nurture is a popular debate about whether our genetics, or environmental influences "mold" more of who we are. An example is whether you get your outā€“going personality because of your DNA, or because you grew up in an environment that made you outā€“going. Nature is your genes, Nurture is environmental influences.Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_argument_of_nature_vs_nurture#ixzz29QTunXP3 The nature vs nurture debate is one of the most enduring in the field of psychology.How far are human behaviors, ideas, and feelings, INNATE and how far are they all LEARNED?These issues are at the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Essay on Nature vs Nurture Debate Nature vs Nurture Debate Nature versus Nurture is the issue of the degree to which environment and heredity influence behavior and development. In this issue nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. Which means behaviors are based on the genetic makeup of an individual and is an influence of the individuals' growth and development throughout life. On the other hand nurture are causes of behaviors that are environmental. Which means the influence is from, parents, siblings, family, friends and all other experiences to which the individual is exposed to. Throughout my childhood, I didn't grow up free of environmental influences nor did I develop without being affected by my inherited genetic makeup. I think...show more content... In reading stories about identical twins my point of view is easily understood. Various types of psychologist have analyzed the study of identical twins. It shows that individuals with the same genetic makeā€“up can be totally different, when it comes to personality. Nurture promotes the twins to grow up as separate individuals. Its a lot better if a twin has his or her own personality rather than the same exact personality of the other half. I think this great debate weighs heavier on the nurture side. As a child my parents, and sibling overshadowed my genetic makeā€“up. No matter how much I thought my physical traits made me behave. It did not affect me more than the things that I had seen and been exposed to. The more things that I had seen around and experienced made me the person that I am today. If my genetic makeā€“up was totally different, to a certain extent, I am sure that I?d behave the same way that I do presently. There are exceptions to that. For instance if I were six foot five and one hundred and ninety pounds, I?d most likely be in the NBA and be really rich. I think if I was really rich and in the NBA I wouldn?t have the same worries that I have today. Even if before I were in the NBA I would have lots of attention and have a lot more confidence. So to an extent I would change a little if my genetic makeā€“up were different. In a sense, genetic makeā€“up is just a competitor to the environmental factors Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Nature vs. Nurture Essay Nature vs Nurture For the past five weeks we have studied three different but influential people in our perspective on human nature class. They are Freud, Plato and Tzu. The main discussion between all of them is nature versus nurture. I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I'll apply to each of these philosophers and how they react to it. When looked up in the dictionary the term nature means the universe and its phenomena or one's own character and temperament. When discussed with these philosophers it is meant as one's own character revolved around the universe for which they live in, basically they're surroundings. At the same time when I looked up the word nurture it said the upbringing,...show more content... Not because we were taught those things but for the fact that they are instincts embedded in our minds for survival. For nurture the psychosexual development is due majorly because of nurture. From oral to analā€“retentive these are all due to expressive characteristics that are given or raised from birth. The one that has the most effect is the structural model. Reasons for me stating this is because the id is the primitive part of the mind that is basically a natural instinct. At the same time the ego is also because of natural instinct simply because of the reality principle. Freud even went as far as stating, "..adults egoā€“feeling can't have been the same from beginning. It must have gone through a process of development"(13). The part where it changes is the superego, which is the only form of nurture in the psychoanalytic perspective, which is because the superego only developed because the child began to incorporate parental values and also operates according to the raising and discipline of the parents. Now if you look at Plato's point of view Plato supports nurture more than nature. The only points that Plato made that would seem to support nature is the point he made for example is when he talks about female guards. The reason for this is also because he feels that women should be given lighter Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Nature And Nurture Mental illness has been a mystery seemingly unsolvable for thousands of years. Mental illness only became known as new brain imaging technologies were invented in the 20th century. In the present day depression and anxiety are commonplace, and they run rampant in our schools as adolescents face the challenges of becoming adults, working men and women put a smile on for innocent children while they internally panic at the thought of this week's deadline, and the rich and famous can often be seen turning to drugs and alcohol only for the report to come out a week later, they have depression and anxiety, no one is surprised. We know what these illnesses do furthermore we know how to treat them but no answer has been put forward or accepted...show more content... The rats which were depressed were lethargic and lacked survival instincts when tested however with therapy in the form of a rat sized playground they began to show signs of recovery within a month despite their genes. This experiment was also reversed to try to cause depression and was successful "the stressed control rats displayed depressed behaviors when placed in a tank of water. They simply floatedā€“ despair behaviorā€“ and didn't try to escape"(3). The science is improving nevertheless humans are complex creatures and hard to study; the experiments conducted on rats cannot be replicated in humans therefore the research has to take a path of observation and Get more content on HelpWriting.net