EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT.
EARLY THINKERS.
SUN TZU'S ART OF WAR
MACHIAVELLI'S THE PRINCE
ADAMS SMITH WEALTH OF NATIONS.
PREOPERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE.
BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT.
3. 500 BC 1500s 1700s
Late 1800s -
Early 1990s
1930s-
1990s
1960s-
1990s
2000-2020
Sun Tzu
Art of
War
Ma-
chiavelli’
s
The
Prince
A.
Smiths
Wealth
of
nations
Operational
Perspective
• Scientific mgt
• Quantitative
mgt
• Quality mgt
• Bureaucratic
mgt
• Admisnistrative
mgt
Behavioral
perspective
• M. Parker
Follet
• Hawthorne
studies
• Human
resources
Systems
Approach
• Contin-
gency
Theory
• Learning
Organi-
zations
Emergent
Perspectives
• Modular
Organiza-
tion
• Intangible
organiza-
tion
4. 500 BC
Sun Tzu
Art of War
It Is better to use intelligence
and cunning to subdue
an enemy
than to rely on violence and
destruction
14. Quantitative management
• The focus is on the development
of various statistical tools
and techniques to improve efficiency
and allow management to make
informed decisions regarding the costs
and benefits of alternative courses of action.
15. FOUR QUANTITAVE METHODS
• Break-even analysis – provides formulas which assess
the total fixed costs associated
with producing a product,the
variable costs for each unit,
the contribution made by the sale
of each unit to recovering both
fixed and variable costs.
16. FOUR QUANTITAVE METHODS
• Economic order quantity( EOQ ) model –
- to minimize the total costs of inventory
- it demonstrates that the optimal reorder
point occurs when the total setup
cost is equal to the total holding cost
17. FOUR QUANTITAVE METHODS
• Material requirements planning (MRP)–
- it helps a company reduce inventory costs
and ensures that all items will be available
when needed
18. Quality Management
- Walter A. Shewart – develop a set of
methods that were designed to ensure
standardization and reduce quality
defects.
- Feigenbaum – total quality control
- Edward Deming - Total Quality Management (TQM)
a)- Focus on the costumer
b)- Employee involvement
c)- Continous improvement