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The	Lean	Startup
Cirrus	Shakeri,	Ph.D.
Plug	and	Play,	EIR
“FROM	ALCHEMY	TO	SCIENCE”
Eric	Ries,	The	Lean	Startup
Agenda
• Introduction
• The	Lean	Startup	is	a	‘mindset’
• The	Lean	Startup	is	a	set	of	management	techniques	
• The	‘contrarian’	perspectives
2Cirrus	Shakeri
About	Me
• Startup	advisor	at	Plug	and	Play
• Lean	Startup	experience
• Large	company	– SAP
• As	startup	advisor	and	founder	
• Applications	of	Artificial	Intelligence	in	the	Enterprise
• Turn	the	startup	process	into	a	data-driven	process
• Minimize	 waste	and	maximize	 value
• My	day	job
• Chief	Architect	at	a	technology	startup	called	AIBrain
3Cirrus	Shakeri
Introduction
Cirrus	Shakeri 4
Setting	the	Stage
• Objective	of	this	talk
• To	introduce	the	‘mindset’	to	those	who	are	new	to	The	Lean	Startup
• To	have	a	conversation	and	learn	from	those	who	are	already	using	it
• For	learning	the	techniques
• Read	the	book,	listen	to	talks	by	Eric	Ries,	read	the	case	studies,	and	talk	to	
other	startups!
• Remember:	the	Lean	Startup	is	not	the	only	method	
5Cirrus	Shakeri
What	is	Entrepreneurship?
• Entrepreneurship	is	the	pursuit	of	opportunity	without	regard	to	
resources	currently	controlled
• Harvard	Business	 School,	professor	Howard	Stevenson
• Entrepreneurs
• “They	see	an	opportunity	and	don’t	feel	constrained	from	pursuing	it	because	
they	lack	resources,”	says	Stevenson.	“They’re used to	making	do	without	
resources.”
6Cirrus	Shakeri
http://www.inc.com/eric-schurenberg/the-best-definition-of-entepreneurship.html
What	is	a	Startup?
• Eric	Ries’	Definition	of	a	startup:
• A	human	institution	that	operates	under	extreme	uncertainty
• Uncertainty	about	the	market,	product,	customers,	business	model,	…
• A	startup	is	not	a	smaller	version	of	large	companies
7Cirrus	Shakeri
Why	Startups	fail?
• “Tried	to	be	sustainable	too	early”	(Rdio)
• “poor	hiring	decisions”	(KiOR)
• “were	unable	to	compete	with	Ubber”	(SideCar)
• “U.S.	Court	of	Appeals	for	the	District	of	Columbia	denied	to	overturn	the	Federal	Aviation	
Administration’s	ban	on	Flytenow and	other	online	flight-sharing	websites”	(Flytenow)
• “We	had	scaled	to	about	15	cities	but	it	was	becoming	very	difficult	to	sustain	operations	at	that	
level	with	no	funds.”	(Delivree King)
• “the	competitive	landscape	made	it	too	expensive	for	us	to	scale”	(Top	10	– Travel	app)
• “we’ve	failed	to	grow	at	a	rate	that	justifies	continuing	to	support	our	Prismatic	News	products.”
• “lawsuits	over	privacy	violations	and	legislation	drafted	to	tighten	controls	for	the	future”	
(CarrierIQ)
• “Unfortunately,	circumstances	[despite	reaching	9.4M	active	users	and	58M	monthly	video	views]	
…	made	it	difficult	to	raise	money	and	continue	on.”	(Pixable)
8Cirrus	Shakeri
https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/startup-failure-post-mortem/
Cirrus	Shakeri 9
The	Lean	Startup	Can	Help
https://www.cbinsights.com/research-reports/The-
20-Reasons-Startups-Fail.pdf
The	Lean	Startup
Cirrus	Shakeri 10
The	Lean	Startup	
is	a	mindset
11Cirrus	Shakeri
Quizz
12Cirrus	Shakeri
What	is	the	main	function	of	an	early	
stage	startup?
A	– Build	a	product
B	– Hire	the	best	people
C	– Learn	what	to	build
D	– Generate	revenue
The	main	question	is	not …
13Cirrus	Shakeri
Can	we	build	this	product?
The	main	question	is	…
14Cirrus	Shakeri
Should	we	build	this	product?
The	history	of
The	Lean	Startup
15Cirrus	Shakeri
Cirrus	Shakeri 16
https://www.udemy.com/the-lean-startup-debunking-myths-of-entrepreneurship/
The	Lean	Startup	is	the	
Scientific	Method	applied	
to	startups
17Cirrus	Shakeri
Alchemy	vs.	Scientific	Method
• Alchemy
• No	hypothesis
• Try	and	error
• No	measurement	 and	learning
• Scientific	Method
• Starts	with	a	hypothesis
• Lots	of	experimentations
• Lots	of	failures
18Cirrus	Shakeri
Cirrus	Shakeri 19
Example:	In	the	early	days	of	Zappos,	the	founders	
simply	purchased	shoes	as	needed	from	local	shoe	
retailers,	instead	of	stocking	their	own	inventory.	
This	allowed	Zappos to	test	their	idea	fast	and	
cheap,	before	investing	on	their	own	inventory.
The	Lean	Startup	is	
about	working	smarter	
http://www.movestheneedle.com/enterprise-lean-startup-
experiment-examples/
Why	is	it	called	‘lean’?
20Cirrus	Shakeri
21
A	Startup	without	the	Lean	methodology	is	like	
trying	to	get	to	an	island	without	a	map	or	GPS!
Cirrus	Shakeri
You	may	eventually	get	to	the	destination	but	it’ll	
take	a	long	time	and	requires	lots	of	resources
The	Lean	Startup	is	about	time	
and	speed
22Cirrus	Shakeri
how	quickly	you	get	to	your	destination
by	spending	minimum	resources
Where	is	the	destination?
What	is	the	destination?
23Cirrus	Shakeri
Product-Market	Fit
24Cirrus	Shakeri
Cirrus	Shakeri 25
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/marc-andreessen-product-market-fit-startups-marc-andreessen
The	Lean	Startup	is	like	GPS	
for	Startups	to	quickly	find	
their	Product-Market	Fit
26Cirrus	Shakeri
StartupProduct	 development
Marketing	campaign
Fund	 raising
Hiring	new	people	
…
Product-Market	Fit
The	Lean	Startup	
Methodology
27Cirrus	Shakeri
Resources
The	Lean	Startup	is	about	putting	a	
’feedback	loop’	in	place
Cirrus	Shakeri 28
The	Lean	Startup	is	about	
‘Validated	Learning’
29Cirrus	Shakeri
Minimum	Viable	Product is	a	
tool for	Validated	Learning
30Cirrus	Shakeri
Minimum	Viable	Product
is	not a	product!
31Cirrus	Shakeri
Minimum	Viable	Product is	a	
tool for	validating	or	
invalidating	the	hypothesis
32Cirrus	Shakeri
Hypothesis
• Value	hypothesis
• Is	there	a	product-market	fit
• Growth	hypothesis
• Can	this	business	 scale
33Cirrus	Shakeri
Cirrus	Shakeri 34
http://www.slideshare.net/500startups/hiten-shah-ceo-kiss-metrics
Can	‘Product-Market	Fit’	
be	quantified?
35Cirrus	Shakeri
Product	|	Market	|	Customer	Validation	|	Business	Model
Alternative	Views
Cirrus	Shakeri 36
The	‘contrarian’	View
Cirrus	Shakeri 37
What	important	truth	do	very	few	people	agree	with	you	on?
https://medium.com/@paulmillr/zero-to-one-summary-
8dbda22e1559#.n5g96pgsy
Thank	You!
cirrus@plugandplaytechcenter.com
Cirrus	Shakeri 38

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