Acids and Bases

1. 1
Acids and Bases
_____ – compounds that ______ hydrogen
ions to form hydronium ions in
water.
Ex. HCl + H2O → H3O+
+ Cl-
H+
+ H2O → H3O+
(Hydronium ions are a
combination of water and hydrogen ions)
donate
(H3O+
)(H+
)
Acids

2. 2
Acids – give off as many H+
ions as
possible (ionize completely)
Notice how all of the H+
ions split
Weak Acids – give off ___ H+
ions
Notice how only some H+
ions split
Properties of Acids:
____ – ex. lemons
____ – ex. HCl (Stomach acid)
Strong
few
Corrosive to metals
Burn
Sour

3. 3
Common Acids
ACID FORMULA STRENGTH USES FOR DISSOLVED ACID
Hydrochloric
acid
(muriatic acid)
HCl Strong Cleaning and food processing adjusting the pH of
swimming pools
Sulfuric acid H2
SO4
Strong Making fertilizers and other chemicals; fluid inside car
batteries
Nitric acid HNO3
Strong Making fertilizers and explosives
Acetic acid
(ethanoic acid)
CH3
COOH Weak Making vinegar; manufacturing chemicals, plastics, and
medicines
Formic acid HCOOH Weak Dyeing textiles
Citric acid C6
H8
O7
Weak Preparing flavorings, candies, and soft drinks

4. 4
_____ – compounds that react with water to
produce ____________
(Not all bases contain hydroxide ions –
ex. Ammonia NH3)
Ex. KOH K+
+ OH-
Water is involved in the reaction, but does not
react with the ions in this case.
hydroxide ions (OH-
)
Bases

5. 5
Bases – give off as many possible
OH-
ions as possible (completely ionize)
Bases – give off few OH-
ions.
Properties of Bases:
_____________ – ex. Cleaning products
____ – ex. Soy Products
Strong
Weak
Slimy / Slippery
Bitter
Corrosive to animal material (ex. Skin)

6. 6
Common Bases
BASE FORMULA STRENGTH USES FOR DISSOLVED BASE
Potassium hydroxide
(potash)
KOH Strong Manufacturing soap and some drain cleaners;
bleaching
Sodium hydroxide (lye) NaOH Strong Manufacturing soap, paper, textiles, and some
drain cleaners
Calcium hydroxide (lime) Ca(OH)2
Strong Making plaster, cement, and mortar
Ammonia NH3
Weak Manufacturing fertilizers and many cleaners
Methylamine CH3
NH2
Weak Manufacturing dyes and medicines
Pyridine C5
H5
N Weak Manufacturing vitamins and medicines

7. 7
Acids and Bases that are strong enough will
_______________. (Electricity is the flow of
electrons. If charges are present, like OH-
and H3O+
, electrons can flow).
Left: ______ Base Right: _____ Base
conduct electricity
Strong Weak

8. 8
pH Scale (powers of hydrogen)
 A measure of the hydronium ion (H3O+
)
concentration in a solution (and indirectly
hydroxide, OH-
, concentration).
 Measures the _______ of an acid or base.
 Range is 0 – __
 7 is neutral (not an acid nor a base)
 0 – 7 is _____ (lower is stronger)
 _____ is basic (higher is stronger)
strength
14
acidic
7 – 14

9. 9

10. 10
_________ – a compound that can change
color in the presence of an acid or a base
Common Indicators:
Color in an Acid Color in a Base
Red Litmus Paper
Blue Litmus Paper
Phenolphthalein
Red Blue
Red Blue
White Pink
Indicators

11. 11
____________________ – A reaction in
which hydrogen ions (H+
) from an acid, react
with hydroxide ions (OH-
) from a base to
produce _____ molecules and a ____.
Example:
HCl + NaOH → ?
How will the ions rearrange?
H+
+ Cl-
+ Na+
+ OH-
water salt
Neutralization Reaction

12. 12
H+
+ Cl-
+ Na+
+ OH-
HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl
Hydrochloric + Sodium → Water + Salt
Acid Hydroxide
A pure salt water solution has a ______ pH.
This is why people eat Tums. Tums is a
____, used to neutralize stomach acid.
neutral
base

13. 13
Neutralization Reactions only completely
neutralize if the amount and concentration of
the acid and base are equal.
Example: Will 5 mL of shampoo (pH 6)
neutralize 50 mL of ammonia (pH 13)?
No! The solution will only be slightly less
basic.

14. 14
Use the following words / phrases to answer
the following questions:
• Strong
• Weak
• A lot of
• A small amount of
1.To neutralize a strong acid, use ________
weak base.
2.To neutralize a weak acid, use the same
amount of ____ base.
a lot of
weak

15. 15
3.To neutralize a weak acid, use a small
amount of _____ base.
4.To neutralize a _____ base, add the same
amount of strong acid.
5.To neutralize a strong base, add ________
weak acid.
6.To neutralize a weak base, add
_______________ strong acid.
strong
strong
a lot of
a small amount of