3. DURAL VENOUS SINUSES
ď˘These are the various venous
channels present in the cranial
dura.
ď˘They are formed in the following
two ways:
1. By the separation of two layers of
cranial dura.
2. By the reduplication of the
meningeal layer.
4.
5.
6.
7. CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTIONS
ď˘Lined with endothelium
ď˘Devoid of muscular coat & valves.
ď˘Drain the blood from brain, meninges &
bones of skull.
ď˘Some venous sinuses also receive
CSF.
ď˘Receive valveless emissary vein to
maintain an equilibrium of venous
pressure.
14. CAVERNOUS SINUS
ď˘Paired dural venous sinus
ď˘Situated in the middle cranial fossa,
on either side of body of the sphenoid
bone and sella turcica in the middle
cranial fossa.
16. ď˘Formation: separation between
meningeal & endosteal layer of
duramater.
ď˘Size:
ďLength : 2 cm
ďBreadth : 1cm
ďExtent:
ďFront â superior orbital fissure
ďBehind - apex of petrous part of
temporal bone
27. STRUCTURES PASSING THROUGH THE
SINUS
ďInternal carotid artery:
⢠Surrounded by sympathetic
plexus, Runs along floor (carotid
sulcus)
ďAbducent nerve:
⢠Inferolateral to ICA
28.
29. ď˘Structures Present in the Lateral
Wall of the Sinus:
1) Oculomotor nerve.
2) Trochlear nerve.
3) Ophthalmic nerve.
4) Maxillary nerve.
30. TRIBUTARIES
ď˘The cavernous sinus receives
blood from three sources: orbit,
meninges, and brain.
ď˘ Hence, its tributaries come from
these sources as follows:
31. FROM ORBIT
ď˘ Superior ophthalmic vein.
ď˘ Inferior ophthalmic vein.
ď˘ Central vein of retina.
40. ď˘4. Facial vein via two routes:
ď˘(a) Superior ophthalmic vein â
angular vein â facial vein
ď˘(b) Emissary veins â pterygoid
venous plexus â deep facial vein
â facial vein.
41.
42.
43. ď˘ Opposite cavernous sinuses via
anterior and posterior
intercavernous sinuses.
ď˘ Superior sagittal sinus via
superficial middle cerebral vein and
superior anastomotic vein.
ď˘Internal vertebral venous plexus,
via basilar venous plexus.
45. CAVERNOUS SINUS
THROMBOSIS
ď˘Septic thrombosis of cavernous sinus -
by communication from dangerous area
of face, orbit and pharynx
ď˘Severe pain in eye and forehead
ď˘Ophthalmoplegia due to involvement of
3rd , 4th and 6th cranial nerves
ď˘ marked oedema of eyelids
ď˘ Exophthalmos
46. PULSATING EXOPHTHALMOS
ď˘Pulsating exophthalmos
ď˘ internal carotid artery is ruptured as
a result of fracture of base of skull â
arterio- venous communication is
established.
ď˘ligation of inernal carotid artery may
be helpful, but patient may develop
contralateral hemiplegia.