2. Solar Energy
• Solar energy is the energy
that is coming from the
sun.
• It can be collected by
human through
photovoltaics and heat
engines.
• Solar Power, along with
wind, hydroelectric, wave,
biomass account for most
of the renewable energy
source available to use.
3. Photovoltaics. (8.4.1.2)
• Photovoltaics is the direct
conversion of light into
electricity at the atomic
level.
• A photovoltaic cell(PV) is a
device that converts sun
light into direct current
through photoelectric
effect.
• Individual PV cells are
electricity-producing
devices that are made of
semiconductor materials.
• The photoelectric effect is
first noted by French
physicist Edmund Bequerel
in 1839.
• The first PV cell was
constructed by Charles Fritts
in 1880.
• The first major usage of PV
cell is on the Vanguard I
satellite in 1958.
• The increase in oil price, and
the increase in production
brought the price of
photovoltaic cell down.
4. Continue
• PV cells come in different
shapes and sizes. It can
be the size of a stape, or
several inches.
• Depending on the level of
need, the PV cells can be
put together to form a field
or a single module for
residential usage.
• The photoelectric effect
causes some materials to
absorb light photons and
convert them into
electrons.
• In general, photovoltaic
modules and arrays
produce DC electricity.
• The most commonly used
photovoltaic device is in a
single junction or interface.
• A multijunction device is a
stack of single junction
cells together serving as
the collector.
• Research are being done
on Gallium Arsenide,
Amorphous Silicon, and
Copper Indium Diselenide.
5.
6. Solar Heating Panel (8.4.12)
• Concentrating Solar Power
or (CSP) is another way of
collecting energy from sun.
• Concentrating Solar Power
system is made up of
lenses, mirrors, and
tracking systems focusing
a large amount of sunlight
into a smaller beam.
• The concentrated light
heat up a working fluid and
is then used as the heat
source for power
generation or energy
storage.
• The most developed
methods for CSP are solar
trough, parabolic dish, and
solar power tower.
• Unlike photovoltaics, CSP
can be used at a larger
scale and is more energy
efficient. Unlike PV which
converts solar ray directly
into electricity, CSP
system use heat to
generate a motor in order
to create energy.
7. Continue
• Each method of
concentrating solar power
convert different amount of
energy.
• In a solar trough, the
working fluid is heated up
to 150-350 °C, then it is
used as the hearing source
to a power generation unit.
• In the parabolic system,
the working fluid is heated
up to 250-700 °C. The heat
is then used by a stirling
engine to generate
electricity.
• In the solar power tower
unit, the working fluid is
heated up to 500-1000 °C.
Then it is used for power
generation or energy
storage.
• Ultimately, a solar power
tower offer more energy
efficiency and can store
more energy than a solar
trough system.
8.
9.
10.
11. Seasonal and Regional Effect. (8.4.13)
• Solar Power, unlike
hydroelectric, wave it can
not be controlled by
human. Thus the regional
and seasonal effect on
solar power is greater than
the other renewable
resources.
• First,a solar power should
be station at a well lit area.
For example the desert
area or high ground where
the intensity of the sunlight
is highest.
• Second, solar power can
be collected all year round,
it will gather more sun light
during the summer due to
more day light.
• Areas such as the
Saharan desert, Nevada,
California, Australia etc are
good places to build a
solar power system
because they are the well
lit area on earth.
12.
13.
14. Photovoltaics (8.4.14)
• Example of a Photovoltaic module,
• Another example would be the building 678 PV Rooftop
System at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, CA.
Where they installed a PV system generating 30.54 MW of
power in 2000, with 198 panels each producing 116 watts.
15. Concentrating Solar Power (8.4.14)
• An Example of CSP is the SEGS plant in California, where
the plant has the installed capability of 354 MW of power,
and the general gross output is 75 MW of power, the station
receive an average of 340 days of sun light and the direct
normal radiation is 7.44 kwh/m²/day, (310 W/m²).
16. Bibliography:
1. "Earth's Energy Budget." Solar Energy. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www.suntricity4life.com/sites/mnedd/_files/Image/ene
rgy.jpg>.
2. "How do Photovoltaics Work." WCubed Commercial
Services. 02 Feb. 2009 <http://www.wcubed.com/solar/How
%20do%20Photovoltaics%20Work/art.jpg>.
3. Knier, Gil. "How do Photovoltaics Work?" NASA Science@NASA. NASA. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/solarcells.htm>.
4. Locke, Susannah. "How does solar power work?: Scientific
American." Science News, Articles and Information |
Scientific American. 20 Oct. 2008. Scientific American. 02
Feb. 2009 <http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=how-doessolar-power-work>.
17. Continue
1. "Map1-global-solar-power." Solar power can be a practical
power source when using advanced photovoltaic equipment.
2. Advanced Energy Group. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www.solar4power.com/map1-global-solarpower.html>.
3. SLV Dweller. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www.slvdweller.com/uploads/SkyFuel_diagram_jp70.
jpg>.
4. "Solar Energy Technologies Program: Concentrating Solar
Power." EERE: EERE Server Maintenance. 15 Sept. 2005.
U.S department of Energy. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/csp.html>.
5. "Solar Energy Technologies Program: PV Physics." EERE:
EERE Server Maintenance. 28 Dec. 2005. U.S department
of Energy. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pv_physics.html>.
18. Bibliography
1. "Solar Thermal Collector." GlobalForceInfo.com. 02 Feb.
2009 <http://www.globalforceinfo.com/wpcontent/uploads/2008/08/solar-thermal-collector.jpg>.
2. "Solel - Leading the World in Solar Thermal Energy | Solar
Thermal Power Generation." Solel - Leading the World in
Solar Thermal Energy | Home. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://www.solel.com/products/pgeneration/ls2/>.
3. Sun Energy. 02 Feb. 2009 <http://sunenergyfacts.com/wpcontent/uploads/2008/02/solar-energy-storage.jpg>.
4. "U.S. Photooltaic Annual Growth." Clean Tech Law &
Business. 27 June 2008. 02 Feb. 2009
<http://cleantechlawandbusiness.com/cleanbeta/wpcontent/gallery/graphics-paclab/us_pv_annual_may2004.jpg>.
