Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Part 1 by Malik Xufyan

2018
Malik Xufyan
M.Sc. Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry M.C.Q. Part 1

Malik Xufyan For more detail Whatsapp # 03137355727
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Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Characteristics of
Good Fuel and its Advantages
This set of Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “Characteristics of Good Fuel and its
Advantages”.
1. What is the ignition temperature of a good fuel?
a) High
b) Low
c) Moderate
d) 1000
C
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ignition temperature of a good fuel must be
moderate because it is really hard to produce more heat and It
requires large amount energy to produce high temperature and to
achieve too low temperatures is also a difficult task. Moderate
temperature can be produced easily.
2. What is the calorific value of an ideal fuel?
a) 30.8k.cal
b) High
c) 20.2k.cal
d) Low
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An ideal fuel must contain high calorific value. A calorific
value is the amount of heat produced by complete combustion of a
good fuel. So, more the fuel which produces more heat on complete
burning will be the ideal one.
3. The rate of combustion of a good fuel must be________
a) Controllable
b) High
c) Low

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d) Very high
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The rate of the combustion of a good fuel must be
controllable because if it is high or very high we cannot calculate the
time taken by the fuel to burn and if it is low also we cannot observe
the time taken.
4. The products of combustion of a good fuel _________
a) CO2
b) CO
c) Must not be harmful
d) Must be harmful
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The good fuel must not produce harmful products that
affect the surroundings and nature. Both CO and CO2
are harmful
gases.
5. The moisture content of the good fuel must be_________
a) 50%
b) High in amount
c) Low in amount
d) 70%
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: We cannot say exact moisture content of a good fuel but
it must be low in amount because the fuel with high moisture content
will not burn properly and results in less heat and less calorific value.
For a good fuel calorific value is more.
6. Artificial fuels are mainly prepared from________
a) petrol
b) peat
c) coal
d) natural gas

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View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Artificial fuels are produced by man. Peat, coal and
natural gas are directly available from nature. Petrol is produced by
man using fractional distillation process.
7. On combusting a solid fuel, the final product obtained in high
amount is________
a) oxygen
b) nitrogen
c) ash
d) ozone
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: After combusting a fuel the product left in more amount is
ash. The oxygen and ozone cannot be produced in most of the cases.
Nitrogen may be produced but in small amount than that of ash.
8. The major advantage of a good fuel is _______
a) ease of transportation
b) production of more oxygen
c) production of more nitrogen
d) production of more vapor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The good fuel can be transported easily. It is the main
advantage of a good fuel. It reduces the cost of transportation and
makes it ideal.
9. Which of the following is a synthetic fuel in gas form?
a) Natural gas
b) Producer gas
c) LPG
d) Petroleum
View Answer

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Answer: b
Explanation: The producer gas is a synthetic fuel in gas form whereas,
natural gas is a natural fuel in gas form. LPG and petroleum are liquid
fuels.
10. A fuel is a combustible substance containing ______ as major
constitute.
a) nitrogen
b) oxygen
c) carbon
d) hydrogen
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In every fuel the major constitute is carbon. The other
components like oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur are also
present but in very small amounts when compared to carbon.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Calorific Value
(MCQs) focuses on “Calorific Value”.
1. Which of the following statements is correct?
a) 1k.Cal=2B.Th.U
b) 1B.Th.U=252Cal
c) 1k.Cal=100Cal
d) 1k.Cal=4C.H.U
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 1B.Th.U=252Cal is the correct one. 1k.Cal=2B.Th.U is
wrong because 1k.Cal=3.968B.Th.U=2.2 C.H.U. So 1k.Cal=4C.H.U is
also wrong. Kilo means 1000. So, 1k.Cal=1000Cal.
2. To calculate HCV of the fuel, the products of combustion are
cooled down to _____
a) 600F

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b) 700F
c) 400F
d) 200F
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The products of combustion are cooled down to 600F or
150C that is room temperature. The hydrogen gas gets converted into
steam.
3. When the coal is completely burnt in air, then the maximum
temperature reached is called _________
a) calorific value of coal
b) gross calorific value
c) calorific intensity of coal
d) net calorific value
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Calorific value of coal is defined as the amount of heat
liberated during combustion of fuel completely. Gross calorific value or
HCV means the total heat liberated after combustion of fuel and
products must be cooled. Net calorific value is the total heat liberated
after combustion of fuel and products are allowed to escape. So, the
maximum temperature reached is calorific intensity of coal.
4. To calculate the net calorific value, the products are:
a) cooled
b) allowed to escape
c) heated
d) collected
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The products in finding NCV are allowed to escape as
the hot gases has no chance of condensation. Cooled in HCV.
5. The Bomb calorimeter is used to determine the calorific value
of:

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a) solids and liquid fuels
b) solid and gaseous fuels
c) liquid fuels that can be easily vaporized
d) solid fuels only
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Bomb calorimeter, we can find calorific value of both
solid and gas fuels. In Boy’s calorimeter we can fin calorific value for
gaseous and easily vaporized liquid fuels.
6. The calorific value of LPG is generally _______ than that of
coal.
a) higher
b) lower
c) half
d) very lesser
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Generally, the calorific values of liquid fuels are more
than that of solid fuels. They produce more heat than liquid. So, the
calorific value of LPG is more than that of coal.
7. If there is more oxygen content in fuel, then the calorific value
of the fuel is:
a) high
b) low
c) moderate
d) very high
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The oxygen content in fuel will reduce its ability to burn
and so that it cannot produce more amount of heat. So, the calorific
value will be low.
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8. Which of the following fuel gas will have highest calorific
value?
a) Water gas
b) Bio gas
c) Producer gas
d) Natural gas
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Natural gas produces high amount of heat when
compared to other three gases. Water gas and producer gas are
synthetic fuels and natural gas natural fuel.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Dullong’s Formula
(MCQs) focuses on “Dullong’s Formula”.
1. Calculate the net calorific value of a coal sample having the
following composition:
C=80%, H=5%, O=4%, N=3%, S=3.5% and ash=5%
a) 7251.8cal/g
b) 7780.5cal/g
c) 7621.5cal/g
d) 7830.75cal/g
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Apply the dulong’s formula that is: HCV = 1/100[8080C +
34500(H-O/8) + 22400S], here the C, S, O , H are the percentages of
carbon, sulphur, oxygen and hydrogen. So, substitute all the given
values in the formula and calculate so that you will get HCV (or) GCV
as 8094.9cal/g and then apply the formula NCV=(GCV-0.09H*587),
her 587cal/g is the latent heat of steam then you will get
NCV=7830.75cal/g.
2. A coal has the following composition by weight:

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C=90%, O=4%, N=1%, S=0.5% and ash=5%.The NCV of the fuel was
found to be 8480cal/g. Calculate the percentage of hydrogen and
HCV of the fuel.
a) H=4.21%, HCV=8621.80cal/g
b) H=4.521%, HCV=8221.80cal/g
c) H=4.686%, HCV=8727.37cal/g
d) H=4.1%, HCV=8221.37cal/g
View Answer
Answer: c
34500(H-O/8) + 22400S], here the C, S, O ,H are the percentages of
values in the formula and calculate so that you will get HCV. As, we
don’t know the value of H, you will get HCV= [7110.7+345H]Cal/g. Let
it be equation -1 and then we know that NCV= (GCV-0.09H*587), here
587cal/g is the latent heat of steam. NCV is given then you will get
GCV= [8480+52.83H] Cal/g and let it be equation-2. So equate both
the equations to get the value of H. you will get H=4.686 and
substitute in equation-1 to get the value of HCV=8727.37cal/g.
3. C=70%, O=10%, N=1%, S=5% and ash=4%.The NCV of the fuel
was found to be 9210cal/g. percentage of hydrogen be x and HCV
of the fuel be y. Find out y/x.
a) 747.7
b) 768
c) 777
d) 676.9
View Answer
Answer: a
34500(H-O/8) + 22400S], here the C, S, O ,H are the percentages of
values in the formula and calculate so that you will get HCV. As, we
don’t know the value of H, you will get HCV=[5336.75+345H]Cal/g. Let
it be eauatin-1 and then we know that NCV= (GCV-0.09H*587), here

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587cal/g is the latent heat of steam. NCV is given then you will get
GCV=[9210+52.83H]Cal/g and let it be equation-2. So equate both the
equations to get the value of H. you will get H=13.25% and let it be x
and substitute in equation-1 to get the value of HCV=9908cal/g. Now
let be y and divide y with x to get 747.7.
4.A formula giving the gross heating value of coal in terms of the
weight fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur from
the _________
a) ultimate analysis
b) proximate analysis
c) distillation
d) filtration
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The percentages of the coal components are given by
ultimate analysis and the proximate analysis is used to know the
percentages of volatile matter, moisture etc.
5. The dulong’s formula is not applicable for_____
a) solid fuel
b) gaseous fuel
c) liquid fuel
d) any fuel
View Answer
6. Modification of the dulong’s formula can be done by
considering the______
a) latent heat
b) heat
c) fuel state
d) liquid fuels
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The modification of the formula is done by considering
the latent heat. It may be of water or vapour or steam accordingly. It

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represents the heating value of the fuels.
7. Calculate the HCV of the coal from the given data:
Weight of the fuel burnt=0.92
Initial temperature=120C
Final temperature=19.20C
Weight of the water in calorimeter is 1458g
Water equivalent of calorimeter =14g
a) 11520k.cal/m3
b) 11560k.cal/m3
c) 11000k.cal/m3
d) 11590k.cal/m3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Use the formula HCV= [(W + w)(t2-t1)]/x, where W=
Weight of the water in calorimeter, w= Water equivalent of calorimeter,
t2= Final temperature, t1= Initial temperature, x= Weight of the fuel
burnt. By substituting, you will get 11520k.cal/m3 as the final answer.
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8. While calculating HCV, if we need to apply the fuse wire, acid
and cooling corrections then what is the formula for HCV?
a) HCV= [(W + w)(t2-t1+cooling correction)-(acid correction + fuse
correction)]/weight of fuel
b) HCV= [(W + w)(t2+t1+cooling correction)-(acid correction + fuse
c) HCV= [(W + w)(t2-t1+ acid correction)-( cooling correction + fuse
d) CV= [(W + w)(t2+t1+ acid correction)-( cooling correction + fuse
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The cooling correction must be added to the temperature
difference because the heat loss is may be conduction, convection or
radiation. The sum of acid and fuse corrections are subtracted

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because the heat produced by exothermic reactions is already
included in the change in temperature. So, it is to be subtracted to get
HCV.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Solid Fuels
(MCQs) focuses on “Solid Fuels”.
1. One of the advantages of a solid fuel is ______
a) low calorific value
b) requirement of excess air
c) ash formation
d) ease of transport
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Solid fuels can be transported very easily when
compared to liquids and gaseous. Gaseous fuels are very difficult to
carry as they escape easily and highly inflammable.
2. One of the disadvantages of a solid fuel is:
a) clinker formation
b) moderate ignition temperature
c) storage
d) transportation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The clinker formation is the main disadvantage of solid
fuels. They can be stored easily and transportation is also easy and
having the moderate ignition temperature is also an advantage as we
can control the rate of combustion.
3. _______ are used as rocket propellants in olden days.
a) solid fuels
b) liquid fuels
c) petroleum

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d) gaseous fuels
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Solid fuels are used in rocket fuels. Gun powder is the
main solid fuels that is mostly used in the rockets in the early stages
but now we are using mostly liquid fuels as they have more efficiency
than solid fuels.
4. Most available form of solid fuel is:
a) coal
b) wood
c) petrol
d) lignite
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The most available form of the solid fuel is wood. Wood
is obtained from the trees and when trees die and decomposed for
years through is called coal.
5. For the generation of electricity, which source is used largely
throughout the world?
a) coal
b) hydro power
c) wood
d) solar energy
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Coal is the most used resource to generate electricity.
Nearly 92% of the coal is used to produce electricity. The other
resources like hydro power and solar energy are also used but in
small amounts.
6. The formation of coal is explained by ________
a) ex-situ theory
b) in-situ theory
c) molecular theory

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d) nuclear theory
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The in-situ theory explains about the formation of coal. It
is also explained by drift theory. According to in-situ theory, the coal is
formed only at the places where vegetation grew.
7. Which of the following process is correct in the process of
conversion of wood into coal?
a) wood →peat →lignite →bituminous coal
b) peat →wood →lignite →bituminous coal
c) lignite →peat →wood →bituminous coal
d) wood →lignite →peat →bituminous coal
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The wood is converted into coal steps wise. It is in the
order of wood →peat →lignite →bituminous coal. The bituminous coal
is later converted into anthracite or graphite.
8. What are the main applications of lignite?
a) domestic fuel
b) railway engines
c) used for steam generation in thermal power plant
d) in vehicles
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In thermal power plants steam is produced using lignite.
It is also used to produce the producer gas. The calorific value of
lignite is 6500-7100.
9. Lignite is also called as __________
a) black coal
b) brown coal
c) char coal
d) crude oil
View Answer

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Answer: b
Explanation: Lignite is also called as brown coal. Char coal is used for
domestic purposes and it is different from lignite.
10. Which of the following fuels has the highest calorific value?
a) lignite
b) wood
c) bituminous
d) anthracite
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Anthracite has the calorific value 8650-8700k.cal/kg as
the highest one.the calorific values of the others is as follows:
Wood-4000-4500k.cal/kg
Bituminous-8000-8500k.cal/kg
Lignite-6500-7100k.cal/kg.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Analysis of Coal
and Selection
(MCQs) focuses on “Analysis of Coal and Selection”.
1. In proximate analysis, which of the following elements can be
found?
a) % of moisture content
b) % of carbon
c) % of hydrogen
d) % of nitrogen
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The proximate analysis is also called as quantitative
analysis. It is used to find the % of moisture content, volatile matter,
ash content and fixed carbon in coal.

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2. From the raw piece, coal is manufactured by________
a) under crushing
b) over crushing
c) perfectly crushed
d) powdered
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The coal is manufactured by perfectly crushing the raw
piece because if the raw material is under crushed and over crushed
then the chemical content varies and cannot be good for combustion.
3. The moisture content in the coal can be given by heating the
coal for _____ hours.
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To determine the moisture content of the coal, the coal is
heated at the temperature 105-1100C in a silica crucible for 1 hour
later it is dried, cooled and weighed.
4. To find the % of volatile matter in coal, it must be heated in the
crucible at ______ temperature.
a) 52610C
b) 32810C
c) 8250C+100C
d) 9250C+200C
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The moisture free coal is taken into a silica crucible and
again it is heated at the temperature 9250C+200C for 7 minutes then
it is first cooled in air and late in a dessicator.
5. To calculate the % of ash content the dry coal is heated in

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____________
a) blast furnace
b) muffle furnace
c) reverberatory furnace
d) electric furnace
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The ash content is found by heating the moisture less
coal in muffle furnace. Reverberatory furnace is a metallurgical or
process furnace.
6. The % of the fixed carbon can be given by:
a) %C=[loss in weight due to removal of C/weight of coal sample]*100
b) %C= [weight of coal/12*100].
c) %C=100-(% of ash)
d) %C=100-(% of moisture+% of volatile matter+% of ash)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The % of carbon can be determined easily because the
coal will have the highest amount of carbon content. So, from 100 we
have to subtract the other contents % to get % of carbon.
7. High % of moisture is undesirable because _________
a) increases the cost of transport
b) increases the cost of calorific value
c) increases the cost of efficiency
d) decreases the cost of storage cost
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If there is more moisture content in the coal then it is
difficult to transport it because the moisture will change into steam.
8. The moisturizing the coal before introducing into furnace is
called as:
a) moisturizing
b) filtering

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c) tempering
d) combustion
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The process of moisturizing the coal is called tempering.
Combustion means complete burning. Filtering is the process to
remove unwanted contents from the substance.
9. Ultimate analysis of coal is also called as:
a) quantitative analysis
b) elementary analysis
c) qualitative analysis
d) secondary analysis
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ultimate analysis of coal is called as qualitative
analysis and the proximate analysis of coal is called as quantitative
analysis of coal.
10. In determination of % of C and H, the coal is burnt in the
stream of _______
a) pure sulphur
b) pure nitrogen
c) pure alcohol
d) pure oxygen
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The carbon and hydrogen are burnt in the stream of pure
oxygen so that they get converted into CO2 and H2O which are
passed through Cacl2 and KOH bulbs.
11. % of nitrogen can be determined by the process:
a) dulong’s formula
b) orsat’s apparatus
c) kjeldahl’s method
d) fractional distillation

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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The dulong’s formula is used to find calorific value of the
coal. Orsat’s apparatus is used for analysis of the flue gas. Fractional
distillation is used in purification of petroleum. So, kjeldahl’s process is
used for determination of nitrogen.
12. During metallurgical operations, n2 causes ___________
a) hardness to sample
b) softness to sample
c) moisture to sample
d) heat to sample
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: During metallurgical processes, nitrogen causes
hardness to the sample, but the presence of nitrogen does not affect
the utility of the coal for great extent as it is present in small amounts.
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13. Weight of the coal is 2g and after heating the coal sample, the
weight of the coal is 1.82g. What is the % of the moisture in coal?
a) 20%
b) 9%
c) 10%
d) 30%
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that % of moisture=[(w1-w2)/weight of
coal]*100, where w1=weight of the coal sample, w2=weight of the coal
after heating. After substituting the given values in the formula, you’ll
get 9% as answer.
Here’s the calculation step-by-step:
((2 – 1.82) / 2) * 100
==> (0.18/2) * 100

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==> 0.09 * 100
==> 9%
14. Find the % of C from following data:
% of moisture:10g
% of volatile matter:9.5g
% of ash:11.6g
a) 68.9g
b) 62.1g
c) 63.1g
d) 70.8g
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that, % of C=100-(% of moisture+% of volatile
matter+% of ash). Use the formula to get the answer 68.9g.
15. An increase in 1% of percentage of oxygen decreases the
calorific value by ________
a) 1.7%
b) 2.7%
c) 3.7%
d) 4.7%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The increase in 1% of oxygen results in decrease of
1.7% of calorific value. So, always a good fuel must contain less
amount of oxygen.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Classification of
Crude Oil based on their Composition
This set of Applied Chemistry Interview Questions and Answers
focuses on “Classification of Crude Oil based on their Composition”.
1. Paraffins are obtained by______ process from petroleum.

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a) fractional distillation
b) sedimentation
c) filtration
d) fermentation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Fractional distillation is the process in which the
petroleum is refined and in this process at every stage there will some
bi-product and at a certain stage paraffins are obtained in this
process. Fermentation is used to produce the alcohol and filtration is
the process of removing impurities.
2. Paraffins are mostly used as_______
a) dye
b) lubricant
c) catalyst
d) coolent
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Paraffins are used as lubricant as it is having oily nature.
Coolent is the substance which is used to cool down the system. In
nuclear reactor water is used as coolent. Aniline is the example of
dye.
3. Liquid paraffin is used as________
a) Dye
b) Medical purposes
c) Inhibitor
d) Catalyst
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The liquid paraffins are used for medical purposes. They
are mainly used in ointments and gel type medicines.Inhibitor means
negative catalyst.
4. General formula for Naphthenes

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a) CnH2n+2
b) CnH2n
c) CnH2n-6
d) CnH2n-2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The general formula for Naphthenes is CnH2n. The
general formula for paraffins CnH2n+2. The general formula for
aromatics is CnH2n-6.
5. Naphthenes are also called as _______
a) cyclo alkanes
b) aromatics
c) cyclo alkenes
d) cyclo alkynes
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Naphthenes can also be called as cyclo alkanes.
Aromatics are mostly benzene rings.
6. Naphthenes having more than 20 C-atoms are called
as________
a) cyclo alkenes
b) cyclo alkanes
c) cyclo paraffins
d) cyclo alkynes
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Cyclo paraffins are the Naphthenes having more than 20
C-atoms. The other cyclo compounds may have more than 20 carbon
atoms but they are not Naphthenes.
7. Olefins are slightly soluble in _____
a) water
b) alcohol
c) kerosene

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d) ethanol
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Olefins are slightly soluble in water. The branching
increases the solubility of hydro carbons(Olefins).
8. The chemical structure of Olefins can be given by ________
a) --(--CH2---CH2--)n--
b) --(--CH2---CH--)--
I
R
c) --(--CH2---CH--)n--
d) --(--CH2---CH3--)n--
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation:
--(--CH2---CH--)--
I
R
is the structure of Olefins, where R is the amino
group. –(–CH2—CH2–)n— is the structure of ethylene.
9. Olefins containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms are ______ at ordinary
temperature.
a) solid
b) liquid
c) gaseous
d) semisolid
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The olefins containing 2 to 4 carbons are very small
hydro carbons and they will be in gaseous state generally at room
temperature.
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10. Aromatic compounds are produced from ________
a) natural gas
b) coal tar
c) oil gas
d) heavy gas
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Aromatic compounds are produced from coal tar. They
are of fruity odor that means they will have some sweet smell.
11. Aromatic compounds are _____ with water.
a) dissolves
b) immiscible
c) forms lump
d) easily dissolves
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Aromatic compounds do not dissolve in water. The do
not form lumps with water but olefins will dissolve in water slightly.
12. The flame colour of the aromatic compounds is ________
a) yellow
b) orange
c) green
d) pink
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The flame color of the aromatic compounds is in yellow
as a lot of carbon in the compound changes into carbon black results
in yellow flame.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Mining of
Petroleum

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(MCQs) focuses on “Mining of Petroleum”.
1. Removal of water is done by______
a) Orsteds process
b) Kjeldahl’s process
c) Filtration
d) Cottrells process
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Cottrells process is used to remove the water from the
petroleum. kjeldahl’s process is used to know the percentage of
nitrogen in the coal sample.
2. Crude oil is in the form of_______
a) emulsion of oil and brine
b) emulsion of oil and impurities
c) emulsion of brine and impurities
d) emulsion of impurities and moisture
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The crude oil is obtained from the earth’s crust which will
be in the form of emulsion of oil and brine. It is very stable. When this
emulsion is charged then water gets separated from the oil.
3. To remove sulphur compounds from petroleum, it is treated
with_____
a) copper nitrate
b) copper oxide
c) magnesium chloride
d) sodium chloride
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The sulphur compounds can be removed by treating with

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copper oxide as the sulphur compounds are get converted into the
insoluble copper sulphide.
4. The scales formed during the removal of harmful impurities
can be removed by_____
a) electrolysis
b) electroplating
c) electrotyping
d) dehydration
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The corrosion is will be there if there is presence of
magnesium chloride or sodium chloride salts in crude oil and forms
scales. These scales can be removed by dehydration process.
5. During refining the petroleum, in fractional distillation, what is
the temperature in still?
a) 800oC
b) 400oC
c) 300oC
d) 100oC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The crude oil is distilled and later it is sent into the pre-
heater or else it can be heated with steam, inside the still the
temperature is about 400oC.
6. Which of the following fraction obtained on distillation used in
dry cleaning?
a) petroleum ether
b) heavy oil
c) gas oil
d) naphtha
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Naphtha is used for dry cleaning. It is also called as

27
solvent spirit. Heavy oil is mainly used in producing gasoline by
cracking method.
7. What is the catalyst used in catalytic polymerization?
a) Phosphoric acid
b) Al2O3
c) Al2(SiO3)3
d) Zirconium oxide
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Phosphoric acid is used as catalyst in catalytic
polymerization and Al2O3 , Al2(SiO3)3 are used as catalysts in catalytic
thermal cracking.
8. Which of the following reactions indicates the Fischer-tropsch
method?
a) nC+H(2n+2)→CnH(2n+2)
b) nC+H2n →CnH2n
c) nCO+2nH2→CnH2n+nH2O
d) nC+H(2n-1)→CnH(2n-1)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The equation nCO+2nH2→CnH2n+nH2O represents the
Fischer-tropsch method, here the catalyst used is Ni or CO. The other
three reactions indicates the Bergius process or hydrogenation of
coal.
9. What is the catalyst used in Bergius process?
a) nickel oleate
b) phosphoric acid
c) zirconium oxide
d) aluminum oxide
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In Bergius process the catalyst used is Nickel oleate. In
this process the low ash coal is finely powdered and turned into a

28
paste using heavy oil and the catalyst is taken into temperature.
10. What is the pressure applied during hydrogenation of coal
a) 200-280atm
b) 200-250atm
c) 300-380atm
d) 300-350atm
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A pressure of 200-250atm is applied in Bergius process
for one hour 30 minutes.In polymerization the pressure of 70-
350kg/cm2
is applied.
11. The boiling range of un-condensed gas is_____
a) < 300C
b) < 400C
c) > 500C
d) < 200C
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The boiling range of un-condensed gas must be very low
that is less than 30oC. As the gases are un-condensed they are ready
to condense and become steam. So, a small amount of heat is
sufficient to boil them.
12. Heavy oil on refractionation produces____
a) Asphalt
b) diesel oil
c) grease
d) kerosene oil
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Heavy oil on refractionation produces grease. It also
produces lubricating oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin wax.
advertisement

29
13. How much percentage of petrol is produced by synthesis of
coal?
a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 80%
d) 30%
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 30% of the petrol is produced from synthesis of coal.
Coal is mainly utilized in producing electricity and petrol.50% of petrol
is produced form the process called cracking.
14. Which of the following can be used as preservative for wood?
a) solvent spirit
b) petroleum coke
c) tar
d) gasoline
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Tar is used for preserving wood and solvent spirit is
mainly used for dry cleaning and as motor fuel.
15. What is the boiling range of diesel oil?
a) 120-180oC
b) 180-250oC
c) 320-400oC
d) 250-320oC
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Diesel oil’s boiling point is 250-320oC. So, in cracking
the high temperatures are applied.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Cracking and
Knocking of Petroleum

30
(MCQs) focuses on “Cracking and Knocking of Petroleum”.
1. Octane number is a rating of _______
a) petrol knocking
b) diesel knocking
c) petrol cracking
d) diesel cracking
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Octane number is the rating for petrol knocking and
cetane number is the rating for diesel knocking.
2. Which of the following element has 100% anti knocking?
a) 2-methyl naphthalene
b) heptadecane
c) CH3-(-CH2-)14-CH3
d) 3-methyl naphthalene
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: CH3-(-CH2-)14-CH3 has the 100% anti knocking value.
It is also called as n-hexa decane. The lowest anti knocking value that
is 0 is for the element 2-methyl naphthalene.
3. To improve anti knock of diesel _____ are added.
a) TEL
b) Pre-ignition dopes
c) Di ethyl telluride
d) N-hexa decane
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: To improve the anti-knock of diesel the pre-ignition
dopes are added. Generally ethyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate and acetane
peroxide are added as pre-ignition dopes.
4. What are the best anti knocking reagents of petrol?

31
a) straight chain alkanes
b) straight chain alkenes
c) alkynes
d) aromatics
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The straight chain compounds cause maximum petrol
knock and aromatics are called the best anti knock agents of petrol.
5. Pre-ignition of the fuel is seen in _________
a) petrol knocking
b) petrol cracking
c) diesel cracking
d) diesel knocking
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Petrol knocking is due to the pre-ignition of the fuel and
in diesel knocking is because of ignition-lag of the fuel.
6. In liquid phase thermal cracking, the yield of petrol is ________
a) 50%-60%
b) 60%-70%
c) 70%-80%
d) 80%-90%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In liquid phase catalytic cracking, the yield of petrol is 50-
60% with good octane rating of 65-70. Here, the cracked products are
sent through fractionating where the products are separated.
7. Knocking is also called as __________
a) cracking
b) pinging
c) doping
d) crushing
View Answer

32
Answer: b
Explanation: Pinging is the other name of knocking. Cracking means
the process of breaking the higher hydrocarbons into simple atoms.
Doping means adding impurity to a pure metal to improve its
conductivity. Crushing means divided into small pieces.
8. In the catalytic cracking, what Is the catalyst used?
a) NaCl
b) KCl
c) ZnSO4
d) Al2O3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Al2O3 and also Al2(SiO3)3 acts as catalysts in catalytic
cracking. Usage of these catalysts, the quality of petrol is high without
any heating.
9. Which of the following order of petrol knocking is true?
a) aromatics > branched paraffins > olefins > cyclo paraffins >
aromatics
b) straight chain paraffins > olefins > branched paraffins > cyclo
paraffins > straight chain paraffins
c) straight chain paraffins > branched paraffins > olefins > cyclo
paraffins > aromatics
d) straight chain paraffins > branched paraffins > olefins > aromatics >
cyclo paraffins
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The order of petrol knocking is given by straight chain
paraffins > branched paraffins > olefins>cyclo paraffins > aromatics.
As we know that aromatics are the best anti knock agents so, the
petrol knock for them is very low.
10. In fixed bed catalytic cracking, the catalyst is reactivated after
every __________
a) 8-10hrs

33
b) 20-24hrs
c) 5-7hrs
d) 12-15hrs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In fixed-bed catalytic cracking, the catalyst is reactivated
after every 8-10hrs and continuous by burning the deposited carbon.
11. In vapour phase thermal cracking, the temperature achieved
is ___________
a) 200-400oC
b) 600-650oC
c) 500-820oC
d) 700-800oC
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In vapour phase thermal cracking, the temperature
achieved is 600-650oC and in fixed-bed catalytic cracking, the
temperature is about 425-250oC.
12. In moving bed catalytic cracking, the catalyst is in the form of
____________
a) fine powder
b) pallets
c) liquid form
d) gaseous form
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In moving bed catalytic cracking, the catalyst is made
into fine powder and charged into the catalyst chamber. So, they
move freely like fluids.
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13. The gasoline vapours are purified by __________
a) thermal cracking

34
b) catalytic cracking
c) stabilization
d) knocking
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The stabilization is the process in which the gasoline
vapours are purified. Thermal cracking and catalytic cracking are the
processes to purify the petrol.
14. The pressure applied in vapour phase cracking is __________
a) 10-20kg/cm2
b) 100kg/cm2
c) 50kg/cm2
d) 80kg/cm2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The pressure applied in the vapour phase cracking is
very small about 10-20kg/cm2.The oils will be very easily vaporized.
15. The pressure applied in fixed-bed catalytic cracking is
__________
a) 10kg/cm2
b) 50kg/cm2
c) 100kg/cm2
d) 1.5kg/cm2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The pressure of 1.5kg/cm2 applied in the fixed bed
catalytic cracking and during this process 40% of charge is converted
into gasoline.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Power alcohols as
Fuels

35
(MCQs) focuses on “Power alcohols as Fuels”.
1. Power alcohols contains ________
a) 50-60% of petrol
b) 70-80% of petrol
c) 50-60% of ethanol
d) 70-80% of ethanol
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When ethyl alcohol is used in internal combustion
engines then it is called as power. So, it contains 70-80% of petrol and
20-25% of ethanol.
2. Alcohol can absorb ______
a) traces of water
b) traces of impurities
c) traces of dust
d) traces of carbon
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Alcohol has the power to absorb the traces of water
present in petrol as it dissolves in water.
3. Ethyl alcohol reduces the _________
a) oxygen emissions
b) efficiency
c) polluting emissions
d) nitrogen emissions
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ethyl alcohol contains nascent oxygen atoms that reduce
the pollutants like CO and other hydro carbons.
4. Power alcohol is _______than petrol.
a) bad product

36
b) less efficient
c) costlier
d) cheaper
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Power alcohol is cheaper than petrol. It is the main
advantage of the power alcohols made them to be fuels.
5. Main disadvantage of the power alcohol is _______
a) starting troubles
b) more cost
c) increases foreign currency
d) increases octane number of petrol
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The main disadvantages of the power alcohols are
starting troubles due to the high surface tension and atomization.
6. What is the colour of the bio diesel?
a) orange
b) light yellow
c) dark orange
d) light brown
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The bio diesel is light yellow in colour. Most of the power
alcohols are yellow in colour as they are hydrocarbons.
7. The natural gas along with the petroleum is called ______
a) water gas
b) oil gas
c) wet gas
d) heavy oil
View Answer
Answer: c

37
Explanation: The natural gas along with the petroleum is called as wet
gas and water gas is the mixture of the CO and water.
8. The calorific value of the natural gas is?
a) 1200-1400kcal/m3
b) 500-800kcal/m3
c) 800-900Kcal/m3
d) 12000-14000kcal/m3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 12000-14000kcal/m3 is the calorific value of the natural
gas which is very high value and produces a lot of heat.
9. Natural gas contains______
a) methane=70-90%
b) benzene=40-30%
c) hydrogen=50%
d) methane=80-40%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The composition of natural gas is: methane=70-90%;
benzene=5-10%; CO+Carbon dioxide=remainder.
10. The calorific value of LPG is______
a) 34800kcal/m3
b) 84000kcal/m3
c) 278000kcal/m3
d) 29000kcal/m3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The calorific value of the LPG is more than that of the
natural gas. It is about 278000kcal/m3. So, it is more efficient than the
natural gas.
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11. CNG is stored at a pressure of____

38
a) 281-621kg/cm2
b) 482-591kg/cm2
c) 200-248kg/cm2
d) 800-828kg/cm2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: CNG is very light weight gas. So, the storage of the gas
is little difficult. So, it is stored at a pressure of 200-248kg/cm2.
12. Boiling point of LPG____
a) 546k
b) 373k
c) above room temperature
d) below room temperature
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: LPG has the property of fast ignition and it needs very
less amount of energy to burn that is the heat supplied is very low
about the temperature less than that if room temperature.
13. CNG has high auto-ignition temperature of_______
a) 813k
b) 993k
c) 1163k
d) 1273k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: CNG also have high auto ignition energy and has a
calorific value of 900 kJ/mole. Its auto ignition temperature is about
813k.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Fuel Technologies
Problems

39
(MCQs) focuses on “Fuel Technologies Problems”.
1. Calculate the GCV and NCV of a fuel from the following data.
Volume of the fuel burnt at STP is 0.08m2.Weight of the water
used for cooling is 24kg.Temperature of inlet and outlet water is
25oC. and 30oC respectively. Weight of water obtained by steam
condensation is 0.02kg.
a) 1234.50cal/g
b) 1353.25cal/g
c) 1225.50cl/g
d) 1335.25cal/g
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For calculating the GCV of the coal use the formula
GCV=w (T2-T1)/V, where w=weight of water and v=volume of fuel
burnt. Substitute the corresponding values and we know that NCV is
given by NCV=GCV – [(M/V)587], M is the weight of the water
obtained by steam.
2. Calculate the HCV and NCV of the coal for the following data.
Weight of the coal=0.8g
Water equivalent of calorimeter=460g
Weight of the water=2600g
Rise in temperature=2.42oC
Cooling corrections=0.052oC
Fuse wire corrections=10 calories
H=6% and assume latent heat of steam=600cal/g.
a) 9131.4cal/g
b) 9113.6cal/g
c) 9800cal/g
d) 9220cal/g
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know the formula for HCV and that is [(W+w) (t2-

40
t1+cooling corrections)/x]-fuse wire corrections there W is the weight
of the water and w is the water equivalent and t2 and t1 are the final
and initial temperatures. Substitute the values to get the HCV and for
NCV=HCV – (0.09H*latent heat of steam).
3. A sample of coal containing the following elements:
C=90%; H=5%; ash=4%; weight of the coal burnt=0.90g; weight of the
water taken=600g; water equivalent of bomb calorimeter=2000g; rise
in temperature=2.48oC; fuse wire correction=10cal; cooling
correction=0.02oC; acid correction=50 cal. Calculate net and GCV of
coal in cal/g. Assume latent heat of steam is 580cal/g.
a) HCV=7155.55cal/g; NCV=6894.55cal/g
b) HCV=6894.55cal/g: NCV=7155.55cal/g
c) HCV=7171.2cal/g; NCV=6889.2cal/g
d) HCV=6889.2cal/g; NCV=7171.2cal/g
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For HCV we can use the formula HCV= (W+w) (t2-
t1+cooling corrections)-(acid + fuse corrections)/weight of the fuel. So,
the NCV can be given by subtracting the 0.09H*latent heat of steam
from HCV.
4. Calculate the weight and volume of air required for the
complete combustion of 2kg of carbon.
a) weight of air=5000g;volume of the air=17000l
b) weight of air=17000g;volume of the air=15000l
c) weight of air=5330g;volume of the air=17766.66l
d) weight of air=8220g;volume of the air=1555.45l
View Answer
5. The coal sample contains=80%;H=4%;O=2%;N=12%;S=2%, the
remainder is ash and then calculate the volume of air required for
perfect combustion of 1kg of fuel assuming STP conditions.
a) weight of oxygen required=10.65kg;volume of the oxygen=8725l
b) weight of oxygen required=11.25kg;volume of the oxygen=8500l
c) weight of oxygen required=11.25;volume of the oxygen=8200l
d) weight of oxygen required=10.65kg;volume of the oxygen=8166.6l

41
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The total weight of oxygen required for combustion is
calculated by taking every component equation. It will be 2.45kg and
then calculate the volume of oxygen. At STP conditions 32g of oxygen
occupies 22.4l volume. Calculate for 2450g and then find weight of
oxygen required as we know 100kg of gas requires 23kg of oxygen.
6. CO=40%, H2=12%, CO2=6%, CH2=2%, N2=50% are the
components in the coal. What will be the composition of the dry
flue gas, if the 50% excess air was used for burning 100m3 of
gas?
a) CO2=14.9%,N2=80%,O2=5.2%
b) CO2=12.2%,N2=70.8%,O2=6.5%
c) CO2=14.9%,N2=79.9%,O2=5.2%
d) CO2=13%,N2=77%,O2=75
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Form a table formulating the actual components in
100m3, combination reactions and volume required and % of dry gas.
Find total volume of gas. Later calculate the volume of oxygen in
excess air by calculating the volume of dry products. Add the dry
products combinations to get the total products combination and then
calculate the carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen percentages.
7. Which of the following releases less amount of carbon dioxide
per unit of energy?
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) LPG
d) Petrol
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Oil releases very less amount of carbon dioxide when
compared to coal, LPG and petrol but it also has very small calorific

42
values when compared to those fuels and less efficient.
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8. Which of the following is not the constitute of CNG?
a) ethane
b) propane
c) isobutane
d) CO
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Isobutane is also called as LPG is not the constitute of
the CNG. Ethane, propane and other gases like nitrogen, CO are the
constituents of the CNG.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Selection of
Lubricants
(MCQs) focuses on “Selection of Lubricants”.
1. A high temperature lubricants used may undergo ________
a) vulcanization
b) volatilization
c) lubrication
d) combustion
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A high temperature lubricants used may undergo
volatilization. The vulcanization is the process of rubber in presence of
sulphur.
2. For heavy cutting, the effective lubricants are _________
a) coconut oils
b) cutting oils
c) kerosene

43
d) diesel
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The cutting oils are most suitable oils for heavy cutting.
The lubricants contain the additives like fatty oils and sulphurized fatty
oils and chlorinated compounds.
3. The reduction in friction is only when _____ of the oil film is
______ than that of the metal.
a) shear strength, more
b) shear strain, less
c) shear strain, more
d) shear strength, less
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The friction in friction is only when shear strength of the
oil film must be less than the metal. This will reduce the electricity
consumption.
4. The friction is needed to be reduced because _____
a) will increase the load
b) will increase the consumption electricity
c) it will be reducing the excess heat generation
d) will increase the excess the heat generation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The friction is needed to be reduced because it will be
reducing the excess heat generation which will improve the machine
life period.
5. Oil emulsions are the most effective lubricants in _________
a) heavy cuttings
b) light cutting
c) engines
d) gears
View Answer

44
Answer: b
Explanation: Oil emulsions are the most effective lubricants in light
cuttings. The emulsions have less lubricating effects than that of
cutting oils but cutting oils are good as cooling media.
6. The lubricant in internal combustion is exposed to _________
a) high pressure
b) low pressure
c) low temperature
d) high temperature
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The lubricant in internal combustion is exposed to high
temperatures. So, the lubricant must have the high thermal stability.
7. The lubricants that are suitable for internal combustion
engines must have ______ viscosity index.
a) high
b) low
c) no
d) minimum
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The lubricant that is used in internal combustion engines
must have the high viscosity index because it is exposed very high
temperatures that are produced by the engines.
8. In gears, the lubricants are exposed to _______
a) high temperature
b) high pressure
c) low temperature
d) low pressure
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In gears, there will be high pressure so, the lubricants

45
are exposed to high pressure and in the high temperatures will be in
internal combustion engines.
9. The lubricants for gears must possess ______
a) less oiliness
b) effected by centrifugal force
c) resistance to oxygen
d) low load carrying capacity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For gears, the lubricants must have the resistance to
oxygen. The oxygen reacting with metal will form rust and makes the
machine damages. so; the lubricants must have resistance towards
the oxygen.
10. For, delicate instruments the suitable lubricants are _____
a) light cutting oil
b) sunflower oil
c) heavy cutting oil
d) thin vegetable oil
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: For delicate instruments, the suitable lubricants are very
soft ones. They may be like thin vegetable oil, palm oil etc.
11. What are the lubricants used for railway tracks?
a) graphite
b) grease
c) coconut oil
d) vegetable oil
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For railway tracks, the lubricants used are solid
lubricants as they are exposed to sun light and must bear the other
climatic conditions.
12. What is the best lubricant for tractor roller?

46
a) graphite
b) heavy oil
c) grease
d) vegetable oil
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Generally, grease is used for the tractor rollers as they
are high pressure and low speed vehicles. Grease is cheaper one.
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13. The lubricants for transformers must have quality of good
________
a) dielectric strength
b) less oiliness
c) no resistance to oxygen
d) low load capacity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The di electric must be good for the transformers. They
are dried, washed and filtered properly and applied with lubricants.
14. In textile industries ____ are added to the lubricants.
a) catalyst
b) inhibitors
c) oxygen
d) carbon
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Inhibitors are the negative catalysts that are added to the
thin oils which are used as lubricants. This is to improve the sped of
the machine and smooth running.
15. The lubricants used in refrigerators will have ________
a) no pour point
b) high viscosity

47
c) high pour point
d) low cloud point
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Generally, napthalene and base oils are used as
lubricating oils in the refrigerators. They must have the low cloud
point, low pour point and low viscosity.
Lubricants – 1
(MCQs) focuses on “Classification of Lubricants – 1”.
1. How many types of lubricants are there on basis of the shear
strength?
a) 5
b) 3
c) 4
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are four types of lubricants according to the
classification on the basis of the shear strength. They are solid, liquid,
semi-solid and gaseous lubricants. Shear strength is the strength
against the structural failure of the component.
2. In solid lubricants, the _____ will be low.
a) coefficient of friction
b) calorific value
c) stability
d) cleanliness
View Answer

48
Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficient of friction will be low for the solid
lubricants and it is one of the disadvantages of the solid lubricants.
They are stable at high temperatures also. Cleanliness of the solid
lubricants is also high.
3. One of the advantages of the solid lubricants is ______
a) unstable in radiation
b) high coefficient of friction than liquid lubricants
c) low coefficient of friction
d) permit equipment is simple
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The permit equipment is simple so that it can be carried
anywhere very easily. Normally, the coefficient of friction of the solid
lubricant is low and it is a disadvantage. Another disadvantage is it is
unstable in radiation.
4. Which of the following are the disadvantages of solid
lubricants?
a) poor heat dissipation
b) more effective even at high pressures
c) high resistance to detoriation
d) permit equipment is heavy
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: One of the disadvantages of the solid lubricants is poor
heat dissipation. They have more ability to perform well at the high
load too(under high pressures).
5. Powder of a solid lubricant delivered to the ______
a) rubbing area
b) composite material
c) film
d) surface
View Answer

49
Answer: a
Explanation: The powder of the solid lubricant is delivered to the
rubbing area that means dry lubrication and it has good adhesiveness.
Composite coating consists of the particles of a solid lubricant and
dispersed throughout matrix.
6. The crystal lattice of the inorganic lubricants has a _____
forming thin parallel planes.
a) octagonal rings
b) hexagonal rings
c) pentagonal rings
d) trigonal rings
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The crystal lattice structure of the inorganic lubricants
has hexagonal rings forming thin parallel planes. Within the plane
each atom is strongly bonded with covalent bonds. Each plane is
bonded by weak vaanderwal forces.
7. Which of the following is not the inorganic lubricant?
a) WS2
b) TiTe2
c) GaS
d) Pb
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Pb is the soft metal lubricant. Sulphides, selenides and
telluride’s of molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum and titanium
are comes under the inorganic lubricants.
8. Soft metals possess lubrication due to _____
a) low plasticity
b) high plasticity
c) no plasticity
d) moderate plasticity
View Answer

50
9. Coating and overlays will be done by using _________
a) inorganic lubricants
b) organic lubricants
c) soft metal
d) oxides
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Soft metals are used in pure forms to produce alloys.
They actually used for coatings. They are used in lead based and tin
based engine bearing over lays. They are also used in the matrix
composite materials.
10. Soft metal lubricants are produced by using ______
a) purifying
b) thermal spraying
c) distillation
d) electroplating
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electrotyping and the thermal spraying can be used for
production of soft metal lubricants. The distillation and purifying are
the processes for cleaning the liquids.
Lubricants – 2
This set of Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers for Freshers
focuses on “Classification of Lubricants – 2”.
1. The molecular structure of the organic lubricants consists of
_______
a) pyramidal
b) tetrahedral
c) trigonal planar
d) long chain

51
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The molecular structure of the organic lubricants is in the
form of long chains. The molecular chains are parallel. The bonding
strength between the molecules is very weak and may slide on each
other.
2. Soaps are metal salts of _________
a) fatty acids
b) carboxylic acids
c) amino acids
d) inorganic acids
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Soaps are the metal salts of the fatty acids. Lithium,
sodium, potassium and calcium are the metal salts. Soap molecules
will be attached to substrate surface of the soap lubricant.
3. Soaps are prepared by chemical treating of _____ by strong
alkaline solutions.
a) Oils and salts
b) Oils and fats
c) Salts and fats
d) Fats and proteins
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Soaps are made up of the chemical treatment of the oils
and fats by strong alkaline solution. The soap molecule is the long
non-polar tail which is hydrophobic end and the other is salt polar end
which is the hydrophilic end.
4. Mobility of the solid lubricants on the adsorbents promotes
_____
a) Self-healing
b) Maintain the molecular structure
c) Ineffectiveness

52
d) Effectiveness
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Mobility of solid lubricants on the surface of adsorbates
promotes the self healing. It also prolongs the endurance of the films.
As long as the film remains intact it can be protected.
5. Insulators making rubbing contact require _______
a) Low conductivity
b) High conductivity
c) Low pressure
d) High pressure
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Insulators making rubber contact needed the low
electrical conductivity. In some other applications of the solid
lubricants, the high electrical conductivities. Sliding electric contact
requires high electrical conductivity.
6. Only lamellar structure lubricants provide lubrication.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The statement lamellar structure lubricants provide
lubrication is wrong because the non-lamellar lubricants also provide
good lubrication. The lamellar structure is more likely to produce high
lubrication.
7. If melting point increases, then the atomic bonds will ______
a) Become strong
b) Become weak
c) Be destroyed
d) Be with moderate strength
View Answer

53
Answer: c
Explanation: As the melting point increases, the atomic bonds will be
destroyed. It makes the lubrication less effective.
8. The lubricant should have _____ vapor pressure.
a) High
b) Extreme
c) Moderate
d) Low
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The ideal lubricant must have low vapour pressure for
any application because in most of the applications of the lubricants,
the lubricants must have low pressure and high temperature resistant.
9. What is the range of coefficient of friction for solid lubricants?
a) 0.005-0.01
b) 0.001-0.01
c) 0.0001-0.001
d) 0.0005-0.001
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The range of the coefficient of friction for solid lubricants
is very less that of 0.005-0.01. This must be low for effective
lubrication because the lubricant is mainly used to control the friction
between the machine parts.
10. What is the thickness of the MoS2 film?
a) 10 m
b) 15 m
c) 5 m
d) 20 m
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The thickness of the MoS2 film is about 15 m. This is the
lubricant having lamellar structure with low shear strength and

54
effective in lubrication. It forms very thin layer on surfaces.
Lubricants – 3
This set of Applied Chemistry Interview Questions and Answers for
freshers focuses on “Classification of Lubricants – 3”.
1. Lubricating oil thickened with metallic soaps or by adding
solid forms______
a) grease
b) vaselines
c) oils
d) petrol
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Grease is made from lubricating oil with metallic soaps or
by adding solids like graphite, silica, talc etc. The petroleum oil they
are not very simply lubricating oils, they are the lubricating oils
thickener is dispersed to produce gel.
2. Stabilized erosion of the fine solid particles in liquid is
called_____
a) colloidal suspension
b) molecular suspension
c) colloidal dispersion
d) molecular dispersion
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Stabilized erosion of the fine solid particles in liquid is
called molecular dispersion. When the molecular dispersion is takes
place and then the lubricating oil started to show the characteristics
and behaviour of the solid then it is said to be gel.
3. 99% of grease is produced from______
a) petroleum oil

55
b) olive oil
c) castor oil
d) whale oil
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The semi-solid lubricants are generally made by
incorporation of the lubricating oil with metallic soap to the liquid
lubricants. 99% of the grease is produced from the petroleum oil.
Olive oil, castor oil and whale oil are the types of liquid lubricants.
4. The more friction of the greases is due to their high______
a) velocity
b) viscosity
c) temperature coefficient
d) buoyancy
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The more friction of the greases is due to their viscosity.
They are very thick semi solid lubricants. If the speed in high then
friction is also high and then the heat produced will be more. As, the
greases are very poor coolants they will be overheated.
5. Slaked lime solution is mixed with tallow oil with constant
stirring to produced_________
a) solution base greases
b) cup greases
c) complex greases
d) lithium base greases
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Cup greases are produced by mixing the slaked lime
solution with the tallow oil with constant stirring at hot condition. After
soap formation is complete petroleum is added to it and mixed. Some
amount of water is generally mixed with greases.
6. Calcium complex grease can be made from_____

56
a) lime, fatty acid, acetic acid
b) calcium, lime, acetic acid
c) calcium, lime, acetic acid
d) lime, calcium, acetic acid
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Calcium complex grease is formed out of the lime, fatty
acid and acetic acid. The grease can be formed by using the sodium,
aluminium and lithium. That is why these lubricants have high melting
points.
7. Complex grease fibers are formed by reacting two dissimilar
______ with single_________
a) base, alkali
b) alkali, acids
c) alkali, base
d) acids, alkali
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Complex grease fibers are formed by reacting two
dissimilar acids with single alkali that are used as thickener in many of
the commercial complex greases. Additives like anti-oxidants,
corrosion inhibitors and extreme pressure additives are added to the
greases.
8. Lithium soap greases are_______
a) temperature resistant
b) fire resistant
c) water resistant
d) pressure resistant
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Lithium soap greases are the water resistant as they
have combined advantages of the both calcium base greases and
sodium base greases. They can be used at high temperatures. These

57
properties of these lubricants are responsible for their use in wide
range.
9. High mechanical stability is more for________
a) sodium base greases
b) lithium soap greases
c) complex greases
d) cup greases
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: About 65% of the market is captured by the lithium
greases. They have high mechanical stability. They are also stable for
storage. They are expensive and used for specific applications like in
air crafts.
10. Sodium base greases can be utilized up to the temperature
of______
a) 175oC
b) 100oC
c) 75oC
d) 80oC
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Sodium soaps are soluble in water and they are not
water resistant. As, they are not stabilized with water. They can resist
up to a temperature of 175oC. They can be used at ball and roller
bearing at which there will be heat production due to heat.
Lubricants – 4
This set of Basic Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers focuses
on “Classification of Lubricants – 4”.
1. A good liquid lubricant must possess the property of

58
___________
a) Low viscosity
b) High boiling point
c) High freezing point
d) Low oiliness
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A good liquid lubricant must possess the properties like
adequate viscosity, high boiling point, low freezing point, good
oiliness. It also contains stability towards the oxidation and heat.
2. Which of the following is not the liquid lubricant?
a) Olive oil
b) Palm oil
c) Castor oil
d) Grease
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Grease is the semi-solid lubricant which has high
viscosity but the liquid lubricant must have an adequate amount of
viscosity. It should not be more or less. Olive oil, palm oil, castor oil
are liquid lubricants.
3. Castor oil is used for _______
a) Plastic industry
b) For guns
c) For sewing machines
d) Light machinery
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The castor oil is mainly used for machinery at high speed
and low pressure. It is used at plastic industry and medical purposes.
For guns and sewing machine the neats foot oil is used. For light
machinery, whale oil is used.
4. Petroleum oils are also called as _________

59
a) Petrol oils
b) Hydrocarbon oils
c) Fatty oils
d) Whale oil
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The petroleum oils are also called as the hydrocarbon
oils. They contain C12 to C15. These oils are obtained from crude
petroleum. They are cheap and have very wide applications.
5. Petrol captured the market up to the percentage of _____
a) 100%
b) 90%
c) 98%
d) 75%
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Petrol captured 98% of the market. Naphthenes and
paraffin compounds are mainly found in mineral oils and they are
more efficient in preventing the metals from corrosion.
6. The lubricating oils must be refined to remove ___________
a) Wax
b) Hydrocarbons
c) Nitrogen
d) Oxygen
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The lubricating oils must be refined to remove the
compounds like wax, aromatic compounds and asphaltic compound. If
these compounds are not removed then they will be crystallize and
stops the flow of lubricating oil.
7. Easily oxidised impurities cause ___________
a) Moisture formation
b) Nitrogen formation

60
c) Sludge formation
d) Ash formation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The easily oxidisable impurities cause the sludge
formation. During the operating conditions, the asphaltic. Napthatic
compounds will allows to form the sludge. As, they decompose at high
temperatures to cause the formation of carbon also.
8. To improve the refined petroleum oils ______ are added.
a) Additives
b) Inhibitors
c) Catalysts
d) Carbon
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Additives are added to the refined petroleum oils. They
are refined by the processes like dewaxing etc. They are added to
improve the performance of the lubricants. They are called as blended
oils as additives are added.
9. A dispersion system consisting of two immiscible liquids is
called ________
a) Lubricants
b) Emulsions
c) Semi solids
d) Solids
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A dispersion system consisting of two immiscible liquids
is called emulsions. A substance is added to the emulsions called
emulsifying agents for stabilization. The emulsifying agents show
polar or non polar natures accordingly.
10. In oil in water emulsions, how much water is present _______
a) 3-20%

61
b) 40-50%
c) 3-4%
d) 5-8%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Oil in water emulsion is obtained by adding the oil to the
sufficient amount water that is about 3 to 20%. The emulsifying agents
must be water soluble like sodium soaps or sodium or potassium salts
or sulphides.
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11. The emulsifiers in water in oil type emulsions are ________
a) Sodium salts
b) Potassium salts
c) Oxides
d) Alkaline earth soaps
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The emulsifiers in water in oil type are alkaline earth
metals. Sulphides, sodium and potassium salts are used in oil in water
type emulsion. To prepare water in oil type emulsions, 1-10% of water
and emulsifiers are added to the oil.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Types of Additives
(MCQs) focuses on “Types of Additives”.
1. The most common reason for the degradation of the petroleum
oil is their ______
a) Volatility
b) Oxidation
c) Reduction

62
d) Temperature coefficient
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Oxidation inhibitors are one of the types of the additives.
The oxidation is the main reason for the petroleum oil degradation. At
high temperatures, the hydro carbons of the petroleum oil undergo
homolytic fission to generate free radicals.
2. The oxidation inhibitors terminate the hydro peroxide chain by
combining with ______
a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Oxides of metals
c) Hydro carbons
d) Ozone
View Answer
3. ___________ are surface active additives.
a) Oxide inhibitors
b) Rust inhibitors
c) Dispersants
d) Friction modifiers
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The rust inhibitors are the surface active additives. They
mainly acts on the surface and makes the metal corrosion free. Mainly
from the water corrosion. They form thin film on the surface. It is the
oxide film that protects the metal.
4. Tiadiazole and triazole derivatives are used for ______
a) Aluminium alloy corrosion
b) Silver corrosion
c) Copper corrosion
d) Manganese corrosion
View Answer
Answer: c

63
Explanation: The tiadiazole and triazole derivatives are used to protect
the non ferrous metals from corrosion. They also protect the copper
derivatives from corrosion. Organic phosphates and sodium and
sodium and calcium sulphonates are used as the rust inhibitors in
machinery.
5. To reduce the wear and tear of the gears _______ are used
a) Anti wear agents
b) Rust inhibitors
c) Oxide inhibitors
d) Dispersants
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To reduce thee wear and tear of the gears anti wear
agents or the extreme pressure agents are used. In high pressure
hydraulic components are zinc dialkyl dithiosulphates are used.
6. In steel and steel lubrication, the zinc dialkyl dithiosulphates
forms _______
a) ZnSO4
b) ZnSO2
c) ZnSO3
d) ZnS
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In steel and steel lubrication, the zinc dithiosulphates
forms the zinc oxide, zinc sulphide and ferrous oxide and some other
zinc organo phosphates. They prevent the wear and tear of steel.
7. In automotive applications _______ are used.
a) Friction modifiers
b) Dispersants
c) Anti wear agents
d) Oxide inhibitors
View Answer
Answer: a

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Explanation: The friction modifiers are used in the auto mobile
applications. Mild extreme pressure agent in boundary lubrication
conditions are, they prevent stick slip oscillations and control noise in
the automatic transmissions.
8. Friction modifiers have 12-18 carbons.
a) False
b) True
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The friction modifiers have 12 to 18 carbons. The fatty
alcohols and esters of fatty acids are also acts as friction modifiers.
Glyceride of the rapeseed and lard oil is used as the friction modifiers
in machineries.
9. The oil insoluble sludge can be reduced by using _______
a) Pour point depressants
b) Friction modifiers
c) Oxide inhibitors
d) detergents
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The oil insoluble sludge can be reduced by using the
detergents. Despersants are similar to detergents. Vanish and carbon
from fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, there will be
depositions of oil insoluble materials. Those are reduced by
detergents.
10. The commonly used dispersant is ________
a) Carboxylic acid
b) Alkyl phosphoric acid
c) Poly butyl succinic acid
d) Sodium salts of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The calcium, sodium and magnesium salts of the alkyl

65
benzene sulfonic acids are used as detergents. Carboxylic aids and
the alkyl phosphoric acid are the other commonly used detergents.
The commonly used despersants is poly butyl succinic acid.
11. On cooling below the pour point, the wax will be _______
a) Evaporated
b) Condensed
c) Crystallized
d) Sublimated
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: On cooling below the pour point, the wax will be
crystallized and the additive molecules will protect them from
crystallization as they will adsorbed on the surfaces of the crystals.
12. The viscosity index can be improved by adding ______
a) Linear polymers
b) Branched polymers
c) Cyclic polymers
d) Inorganic materials
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The viscosity index can be improved by adding linear
polymers like poly isobutyls and poly methacrylates and poly alkyl
styrene. They ranges from 10000 to 100000 molecular weight. They
increase the viscosity and retains the original viscosity coefficient.
13. Gear oils on adding viscosity index improves can be used in
______
a) Motor vehicles
b) Machinery
c) Air crafts
d) Engines
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Gear oils on improving the viscosity, they can be used in

66
air crafts. There are some other materials that can be used in air
crafts by increasing their viscosity are multi grade automotive engine
oils and automatic transmission oils.
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14. Foaming of oils can be prevented by using ______
a) Despersants
b) Foam inhibitors
c) Rust inhibitors
d) Oxide inhibitors
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Foam inhibitors are used for preventing the foaming of oil
in internal combustion engines. Methyl silicone polymers are used as
effective foam inhibitors.they are not soluble in oil they help in
breaking form bubbles.
15. vegetable oils are added to the lubricants to improve their
______
a) Lubrication
b) Oiliness
c) Viscosity
d) Efficiency
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Oiliness can be improved by adding vegetable oils,
castor oils and olive oil to the lubricants. The compounds having
strong polar groups like dibenzyl dilsulphide , amyl phenyl phosphate
are used as oiliness improvers.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Mechanism of
Lubrication

67
(MCQs) focuses on “Mechanism of Lubrication”.
1. How many mechanisms are there for lubrication?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are three mechanisms are there for lubrication.
They are: thin film lubrication, thick film lubrication and extreme
pressure lubrication. The thick pressure lubrication is also called as
fluid film or hydro dynamic lubrication. The thin film lubrication is also
called as boundary lubrication.
2. The thickness of the lubricant film in the hydro dynamic
lubrication is about __________
a) 1000oA
b) 5000oA
c) 500oA
d) 100oA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In hydro dynamic lubrication, the sliding surfaces are
separated completely by applying a thin uniform film of the lubricants
between the two surfaces. The thickness of the lubricant film in the
hydro dynamic lubrication is about 1000oA.
3. The liquid lubricants stick due to the _________ property.
a) Surface tension
b) Viscosity
c) Temperature coefficient
d) Mass of the liquid
View Answer
Answer: b

68
Explanation: The liquid lubricants stick due to their physical property
called viscosity or stickiness. The liquid lubricant will cover all the
irregularities in the slidings and thus it prevents the formation of
welded junctions.
4. The coefficient of friction of unlubricated surface ranges about
_________
a) 0.1-1.5
b) 0.1-0.5
c) 0.1-1.0
d) 1.5-2.0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficient of the unlubricated surface is about 0.1 to
1.5. If the lubricant energy is higher, then the energy must be required
in large amount to circulate and maintain the viscous lubricant film.
5. The effectiveness of the hydro dynamic lubrication does not
depends upon the ________
a) Design of bearing
b) Load
c) Rate of rotation of shaft
d) Area of shaft
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The effectiveness of the hydro dynamic lubrication does
not depends upon the area of the shaft. The effectiveness mainly
depends upon the design of bearing, load and speed of the shaft
rotating.
6. The continuous fluid film cannot be maintained between the
rubbing surfaces under the condition such as high load in
boundary lubrication.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

69
Answer: a
Explanation: The continuous fluid film cannot be maintained between
the rubbing surfaces under the condition such as high load, slow rate
of rotation and very low viscosity oil etc. These conditions are seen in
boundary lubrication.
7. In boundary lubrication, the coefficient of friction ranges about
______
a) 0.05-0.1
b) 0.5-0.15
c) 0.05-0.15
d) 1-1.5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In boundary lubrication, the thickness of the fluid film
must be 1000oA. The coefficient of friction is about 0.05 to 0.15. This
thin film contains the one or two layers. Thus it is called as thin
lubrication or boundary lubrication.
8. The wear and tear of metal surfaces are involved and
_________ are formed in thin lubrication.
a) P-n junctions
b) Welded junctions
c) Layers
d) Thin layers
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The wear and tear of the metal surfaces is involved and
the welded junctions are formed. This also results in friction. These all
are formed due to the contact of the surfaces with other leads.
9. Generation of heat takes place in __________ lubrication.
a) Thin lubrication
b) Thick lubrication
c) Extreme pressure lubrication
d) Boundary lubrication
View Answer

70
Answer: c
Explanation: Generation heat and friction are also takes place in
extreme pressure lubrication. The thin lubrication is also called as thin
lubrication. At high load and pressures, the contact between the
surfaces produces the more heat.
10. The liquid lubricant may be _______
a) Boiled
b) Evaporated
c) Sublimated
d) Heated
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The liquid lubricant may be evaporated or decomposed.
Due to this the lubrication becomes ineffective, and the effectiveness
can be achieved by adding the extreme pressure additives along with
lubricant.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Viscosity and
Viscosity Index – 1
(MCQs) focuses on “Viscosity and Viscosity Index – 1”.
1. Viscosity means the flow of the liquid is resisted by ________
a) Itself
b) Other liquid
c) Water
d) Alcohol
View Answer

71
Answer: a
Explanation: The viscosity of the liquid is defined as the resistance
offered by the liquid for its own flow. The viscosity is more for the
fluids having more density. The flow of one layer of the liquid is
actually opposed by the other layer of the same liquid.
2. The viscosity of an oil decrease when temperature ________
a) Decreases
b) Is constant
c) Increases
d) 100oC
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The viscosity of an oil decreases with increase of the
temperature. In internal combustion engines and aeroplanes, the
engine must start at low temperature and as well they must be
operated at high temperatures. So, the viscosity of an oil must be
moderate.
3. The rate of change of the viscosity with raise in temperature is
measured by an arbitrary scale called as _________
a) Arbitrary constant
b) Viscosity constant
c) Viscosity index
d) Arbitrary index
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The rate of the change of the viscosity with raise in
temperature is measured by an arbitrary scale called as viscosity
index. The viscosity index is found by comparing the viscosity of the
oil under the temperature of 1000F with two standard oils.
4. Mathematically, viscosity index can be given by __________
a) { (L+U)/(L-H)}*100
b) { (L -U)/(L+H)}*100
c) { (L+U)/(L+H)}*100
d) { (L -U)/(L-H)}*100

72
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The viscosity index can be given by { (L -U)/(L-H)}*100.
Here, the U=viscosity at 100F oil under the test. V=viscosity at 100F
of standard coast oil having V.I zero. H=viscosity at 100F of
pennsylvanian crude oil having V.I 100
5. The viscosity of the oil changes rapidly with the change in
temperature has_______
a) High V.I
b) Low V.I
c) Moderate V.I
d) Zero V.I
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The viscosity of some lubricating oils changes by the
change in the temperature very rapidly. For such oils the V.I will be
zero and for the viscosity of the oils which changes slightly with the
change in temperature will have V.I high.
6. Addition of linear polymers to the increases the V.I and oils
with V.I higher than_______are prepared.
a) 100
b) 1000
c) 10000
d) 100000
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Addition of the linear polymers to the increases the V.I
and oils V.I higher than 100 are prepared. Generally, the viscosity is
the only factor that decides the thickness of the oil or lubricating liquid.
7. If the viscosity must not be ________ to a liquid oil film
between two moving liquid.
a) High
b) Low

73
c) Moderate
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The viscosity the most important and the only property of
the lubricating oils to determine the thickness and velocity of the
liquid. If the viscosity of an oil is too low then it is impossible to
maintain liquid oil film between two moving or sliding liquids.so, every
liquid must have good viscosity value.
8. Excessive friction takes place, when the viscosity is ________
a) Too high
b) Too low
c) Moderate
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The excessive friction takes place when the viscosity of
the lubricating oil is too high. As the viscosity is too high then the
layers of the sliding liquids will be moving fast and overlap on one
another and causes the excess friction.
9. The viscosity of the lubricating oil must be sufficient to keep it
in position.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The viscosity of the lubricating must not be low. It also
should not be too high. If it is too high then the liquid flow more faster
and causes high or excessive friction. If it is low then the liquid moves
very slowly and have low friction. Sufficient viscosity should be there
to keep a liquid in a position.
10. ________is used in machines operating at high pressure and
slow speeds.

74
a) Kerosene
b) Diesel oil
c) Heavy oil
d) Crude oil
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Heavy oil is used as a lubricant in the machines that are
operated at low speed under high pressure. The heavy oil is used as it
has resist the squeezing between the rubbing parts while operating
the machine.
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11. For machines operating at the high speed and low pressure
_______ are used.
a) Heavy oils
b) Light oils
c) Crude oils
d) Diesel oil
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For machines operating at the high speed and low
pressure, the lubricating oil use is light oil. The light oil do not impose
as much drag on high speed parts. Therefore, for the minimum
friction, the thinner oil stays at position.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Viscosity and
Viscosity Index – 2
This set of Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers for Experienced
people focuses on “Viscosity and Viscosity Index – 2”.
1. Redwood viscometer no1 is used to find the viscosity of the
_________ liquids.

75
a) High viscous
b) Low viscous
c) Moderate viscous
d) No viscous
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The redwood viscometer no1 is used to find out the
viscosity of the low viscous liquids. They have an efflux of
2000seconds or less. Redwood viscometer no2 is used to find the
viscosity of the high viscous liquids like fuel oils.
2. What is the efflux of the redwood viscometer no2?
a) 2000
b) 20000
c) 100
d) 200
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The efflux of the redwood viscometer no2 is 200 seconds
or less. Its jet for the outflow of the oil is having larger diameter. We
can find the relative viscosities of the liquids using the redwood
viscometer.
3. Test thermometer is one of the parts of the redwood
viscometer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The parts of the redwood viscometer are test
thermometer, bath thermometer, water inlet, oil stirrer, water bath,
heating coil, metal indicator, brass oil cup, water bath stirrer blade,
valve rod, water outlet, agate jet, kohlrausch flask and levelling screw.
4. The oil cup is made up of _________
a) Brass

76
b) Copper
c) Silver
d) Chromium
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The oil cup is one of the parts of the redwood
viscometer. It is made up of brass. It is open at upper end. Its base is
fitted with an agate jet, with the bore of diameter 1.62mm and internal
length 10mm.
5. The height and diameter of the oil cup is __________
respectively.
a) 250mm, 46.5mm
b) 290mm, 46.5mm
c) 290mm, 40.5mm
d) 250mm, 40.5mm
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The height of the oil cup is 290mm and the diameter is
about 46.5mm. The level to which the oil cup is fixed with oil is
indicated by the stout wire fixed in the side of the oil cup. The wire is
turned upwards and it is tapered to sharp point to indicate level
properly.
6. The jet is opened or closed by ______
a) Cup
b) Valve rod
c) Stout wire
d) Screw
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The jet of the redwood viscometer is opened or close by
using the valve rod. The lid of the cup is provided with the spirit level
for the vertical levelling of the jet.
7. The cylindrical vessel will be around the oil cup which serves

77
as a water bath made up of _______
a) Brass
b) Chromium
c) Copper
d) Aluminium
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The oil cup is surrounded by a cylindrical vessel and it
acts as a water bath that is made up of the copper. It is provided by a
tap. The tap is used for emptying the vessel by draining the water
present in it.
8. The long side tube is used to heat the water by means of
_______
a) Burner
b) Spirit lamp
c) Bunsen burner
d) Candle
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The long side tube is projected outwards. This is used to
heat the water by means of gas or spirit lamp. The copper vessel is
provided with thermometer to measure the temperature of the water.
9. The water bath is provided with stirrer having ______ blades.
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The water bath is provided with a stirrer having four
blades. It is provided with four blades because it helps to maintain the
uniform temperature in bath to facilitate the uniform heating of the oil.
10. The entire redwood viscometer apparatus rests on _______

78
a) Table
b) Stand
c) Tripod stand
d) Burner
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The entire redwood viscometer apparatus rests on the
tripod stand. It is provided with screws at the bottom. It has four legs.
The screws are used for adjusting the legs for increasing or
decreasing the diameter.
11. The capacity of the flask is about ________
a) 100ml
b) 150ml
c) 50ml
d) 25ml
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The capacity of the flask is about 50ml. It has specific
shape. Is receives the oil from the jet outlet. This flask is known as
kohlrasch flask.The whole process takes place in the flask.
12. The absolute viscosity of the oil can be given as_______
a) ŋ = k{(t1D2)/(t2D1)}
b) ŋ = k{(t1D2)+(t2D1)}
c) ŋ = k{(t1D2)(t2D1)}
d) ŋ = k{(t1D2)-(t2D1)}
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By performing the redwood viscometer experiment, we
can know the absolute viscosity of the oils. The absolute viscosity of
the oils can be given by ŋ=k{(t1D2)/(t2D1)} where, t1=time in seconds,
taken for the flow of the 50 c.c of oil, t2=time in seconds, taken for the
flow of 50 c.c standard oil or liquid. D1=specific gravity of the oil to be
tested. D2=specific gravity of the standard liquid. K= arbitrary

79
constant.
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13. The value of the arbitrary constant K is _________ for water.
a) 1
b) 100
c) 2
d) 50
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The absolute viscosity of the oil after performing the
experiment in redwood viscometer can be given by
ŋ=k{(t1D2)/(t2D1)}. Here k is called as the arbitrary constant. The
value of the arbitrary constant for water is 1. The value of the arbitrary
constant for rape seed oil is 100.
14. The kinematic viscosity of the oil can be calculated by
_______
a) V = ŋ+ρ
b) V = ŋ/ρ
c) V = ŋ – ρ
d) V = ŋ*ρ
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The kinematic viscosity means the viscosity that
determines the kinematic energy of the liquid that means it determines
the speed of the oil. So, the kinematic viscosity of the oil is given by
V=ŋ/ρ, where ŋ= absolute viscosity of the oil and ρ= density of the oil.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers –
Neutralization/Acidic Number
(MCQs) focuses on “Neutralization/Acidic Number”.

80
1. Acid number of a lubricating oil is_________required to
neutralise all acidic constituents of 1 g of oil.
a) Mgs of KOH
b) Mgs of K2SO4
c) Mgs of NaOH
d) Mgs of Na2SO4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Acid number of lubricating oil is defined as the mgs of
KOH required to neutralise the all acidic constituents of 1g of oil. So, it
is also called as the neutralisation number.
2. The fatty oils mostly constitute _________
a) Glycerine
b) Glycol
c) Ethanol
d) Glycerol
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The fatty acids constitute most of the part with glycerol. It
also has the esters of higher fatty acids as the next major
constituents. In some cases, we can also observe that notable amount
of free acids are also present in fatty acids.
3. The acid content ______ with time.
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The acid content will be increasing with time because as
the time goes on the chemical reaction takes place and the number of
H+ ions increases with increase in time. So, the acid content also

81
increases with time.
4. Periodic determination of acid number is useful to indicate the
progress of________
a) Oxidation number
b) Reduction number
c) Acidic number
d) Neutralisation number
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The periodic determination of the acid number is useful
to indicate the progress of oxidation number. The age of the oil is
determined by the increase in acid number with time due to hydrolysis
with moisture.
5. The acid value of the lubricating oil is must be less than
_______
a) 7
b) 0.7
c) 1
d) 0.1
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The acid value of the lubricating oils must be always less
than that of the 0.1. It is because the acid value changes the progress
of the oxidation number and hydrolysis rate and moisture content.
Based on which we have to replace the lubricating oil.
6. The unblended petroleum oils must have ______ neutralisation
values.
a) Very high
b) Very low
c) Negligible
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: b

82
Explanation: The neutralisation values of the unblended petroleum oils
will be very low. The neutralisation values of the unblended petroleum
oils ranges from 0.02 to 0.1. Values higher than this indicate faulty
refining.
7. Compounded oils have higher neutralisation values.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Compounded oils are also called as blended oils.
The unblended oils have very less neutralisation number. It is about
0.02 to 0.1. The blended or compounded oils have very high
neutralisation number.
8. The higher values of blended oils is because of the presence
of ___________
a) Catalyst
b) Salts
c) Additives
d) Reagents
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The high values of neutralisation of blended oils are
because of the presence of the additives. The additives present in the
oiliness carriers, oxidation and corrosion inhibitors etc.
9. The neutralisation number is increased due to_________
a) Pureness
b) Contamination
c) Hydrolysis
d) Catalysis
View Answer
Answer:b
Explanation: The neutralisation number is increased due to the
contamination as the oil is used. Examples are sulphur dioxide on

83
combustion of sulphur, carbondioxide on combustion of carbon or
present in the atmosphere.
10. Darkening of the oil colour takes place due to ________
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Hydrolysis
d) Catalysis
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The darkening of the oil colour is due to the oxidation. On
oxidation the formation of all soluble alcohols, ketones, acids and
peroxides are produced. There by increasing the acid number,
viscosity and darkening of the oil colour.
11. The neutralisation number cannot give the __________ of the
lubricating oil.
a) Corrosive nature
b) Amount of acid
c) Amount of base
d) Moisture level
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The neutralisation number gives about the amount of
acid present in lubricating oil, amount of base present in the
lubricating oil, amount of moisture present in the lubricating oil. It
cannot give about of the source of the oil and the corrosive nature of
the oil.
12. The total acid number of an oil is given by ______
a) Acid value= (volume of 0.1N KOH taken*56)/(weight of oil used)
b) Acid value= (volume of 0.01N KOH used*56)/(weight of oil taken)
c) Acid value= (volume of 0.1N KOH used*56)/(weight of oil taken)
d) Acid value= (volume of 0.01N KOH taken*56)/(weight of oil used)
View Answer
Answer: c

84
Explanation: The total acid number of an oil is given by Acid value=
(volume of 0.1N KOH used*56)/(weight of oil taken), where the 0.1 is
the maximum value of the oil and 56 is the molecular weight of the
KOH.
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13. The corrosion problems are caused by _____ in lubricating
oil.
a) Potassium chloride
b) Naphthenic acid
c) Sodium chloride
d) Carbon dioxide
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The corrosion problems are due to the presence of the
naphthenic acid that is why the acid number alone cannot give about
the corrosion nature as it cannot give about the amount of naphthenic
acid present.
14. The other parameters apart from the acid number can also
determine by the process _______
a) Potentiometer titration
b) Colour indicating titration
c) Spectroscopic methods
d) Catalysis
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The other parameters apart from the acid number also
given by the spectroscopic methods. The potentiometer titration and
colour indicating titrations are used deduce only the acid number.
15. In potentiometric titration, the sample is dissolved in _____
and ______
a) Toulene, propanol
b) Toulene and phenolphthalein
c) Toulene and phenol

85
d) Toulene and benzene
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In potentiometric titration, the sample is generally
dissolved in the toulene and propanol with little water and then titrated
with the alcoholic potassium hydroxide. A glass electrode and
reference electrode is immersed in the sample.
Applied Chemistry Questions and Answers – Saponification
Value – 1
(MCQs) focuses on “Saponification Value – 1”.
1. Saponification is the value of oil for which the number of mgs
of KOH required to saponify the ________ present in the 1g of oil.
a) Fatty materials
b) Salts
c) Free acids
d) Bases
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The saponification is the value of oil determined as the
number of mgs of KOH needed to saponify the fatty materials present
in the 1g of oil. If it is free acids instead of fatty materials then it is
called as neutralisation number.
2. It is __________ of fatty oils which leads to formation of soaps.
a) Alkaline hydrolysis
b) Alkaline electrolysis
c) Hydrolysis
d) Electrolysis
View Answer
Answer: a

86
Explanation: It is alkaline hydrolysis of fatty oils which leads to
formation of soaps. As the fatty materials are present in the oil, that oil
on saponification that means on alkaline hydrolysis gives the soaps as
product.
3. Which of the following is not saponifiable?
a) Ground nut oils
b) Mineral oils
c) Castor oil
d) Coconut oil
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The castor oil, coconut oil and the ground nut oil are
saponifiable. The mineral oils are not saponifiable. They are mixtures
of hydrocarbons and do not react with KOH. So, they are not
saponifiable.
4. ________ get large amount of alkali to hydrolysis.
a) Baby oil
b) Liquid paraffin
c) Vegetable oil
d) Liquid petroleum
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The vegetable oils and animal oils need large amount of
alkali to hydrolysis. They are the mixture of glyceryl and esters of fatty
acids. Baby oil, liquid paraffin and liquid petroleum are the mineral oils
and they are not saponifiable.
5. The saponification value of the vegetable oil is _______
a) Very high
b) Very low
c) Moderate
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer
Answer: a

87
Explanation: The saponification of vegetable oil and animal oil is very
high. They are very high because it is difficult to hydrolyse them and
require more amount of alkali for hydrolysis.
6. The different properties of the soaps is due to the ___________
a) Nature of alkali
b) Nature of the oil
c) Temperature variance
d) Nature of the fats
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The nature of alkali decides the properties of the soap.
The main characteristics of soap can be determined by nature of alkali
used in the hydrolysis of the soap.
7. Hard soaps can be formed by using ______
a) Kcl
b) Nacl
c) KOH
d) NaOH
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The hard soaps are formed by using the sodium
hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide is used to produce soft soaps.
Hard soaps can give the lather even with hard water.
8. The deformations caused in oil paintings are due to
saponification.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The visible deformations occur due to saponification. The
ground layers of oil paint contain heavy pigments of metals like zinc
white and they react with fatty acids and cause saponification.
9. Fatty acids have _____ inter molecular forces.

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Part 1 by Malik Xufyan

Applied Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Part 1 by Malik Xufyan

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