3. Pakaja Guna
Paka = Heat
Guna that occurs because of the contact with heat are called
‘Pakaja Guna’.
Pakaja Guna is related to the Prithvi Mahabhuta.
There are 4 types of Paramanu or atoms;
Parthiva, Jaliya, Taijasa, & Vayaviya.
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4. Peelupaka Vada
The theory was proposed by Vaisheshika Darshana
It is related to Paka Kriya.
“Peelu” means an Paramanu (atom)
“Paka” means transformation of the dravyas due to application
of specific temperature of heat.
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5. Peelupaka Vada
Occurrence of Pakaja Kriya in Peelu (paramanu) by the
influence of heat or light.
Here Chemical changes takes place in Roopa, Rasa, Gandha &
Sparsha.
Paramanu cannot exist independently in nature.
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6. 3 phases of Peelupaka Vada
The Peelupaka Vada occurs in 3 phases;
Decomposition of material into molecules (Anu).
Decomposition of molecules into atoms (Paramanu).
Recombination of atoms (Paramanu) in new relation or in
form.
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7. Examples
The raw or un-baked pot after Peelu Paka Kriya or Pakaja Kriya
becomes red and hard.
Paka Kriya
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9. Destruction or decomposition of
macromolecules of pot, mango into
Anu in 1st phase
Decomposition of Anu into Paramanu
is the 2nd phase
The Paka Kriya occurs and changes are
brought in the Paramanu & then the
atoms combine to give the changes into
new form object is the 3rd phase.
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10. The process of destruction (breaking down) and
re-construction (reproduction) takes place very
quickly which is impossible to notice with visual
perception.
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11. Stage: 1 Destruction
Pot (Jar) + fire
Activation of
atoms
Breakage of bonds
between Atoms
Atoms + Fire
Changes at Paramanu
level
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14. Introduction
The theory was proposed by Nyaya Darshana
It is related to Paka Kriya
Synonym: Pinda Paka Vada
Pithara means the Karya Dravyas which are manifested with
the combination of Paramanus or Peelu.
Nyayakara states that change due to Paka takes place in the
Pithara (Pinda / Mass) only but not at the Paramanu level.
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15. Pitharapaka Vada
According to the Nyaya Darshana, it is considered that the
transformation of one substance into another takes place by a
physical change in the molecules.
The pot when it is baked, changes its colour and other
qualities without giving up its molecular structure .
Since it is considered that the changes take place in the pot
itself and not in the atoms, this theory is called ‘Pitharapaka
Vada’.
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16. The pot is the same as the one that is baked. It did not loose its
identity. The different constituents of Pithara need not undergo
destruction, but they undergo a transformation.
A Pithara (molecule) consists of two or more atoms. There are
numerous Pithara (molecule) in the pot. Since each one of the
particles, which constitute the pot, is black, the pot appears to be
black in the begining. These particles change their colour into red
when it is baked and there are also other changes like roughness in
their properties.
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17. The Nyaya Darshana says that whatever changes are said to
take place in the molecule only and there is no need for the
destruction of the molecules into their Atomic constitution.
Both in the first and the second arrangement, the atoms are
the same but they have only changed their Chemical or
Physical character.
According to these scholars this change is an external &
physical in nature.
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18. Applied aspect of
Peelu Paka & Pithara Paka
Indirecty Peelu Paka and Pithara Paka are applied in Ahara
paka or in Dhatu Poshana Krama.
Peelupaka – At Bhutagni level
Pitharapaka – At Jatharagni and Dhatvagni level.
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22. Jatharagni unites with Ahara and digest the Ahara into
Sthula Paka or Pithara Paka and when it is subjected to
Bhutagni, components of Ahara gets digested at Paramanu
level and as a result, changes into components of the body
through which all the tissues are nourished in the body is
Peelu Paka.
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23. When basic components of Shadrasas i.e., the lump of Ahara
when subjected to Jatharagni, it forms into Ahara Rasa is
Pithara Paka.
Ahara undergo Peelu Paka then Kapha, Pitta and Vata are
formed respectively.
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