A requirement of Educ 241 (Methods of Research in Education)

1. Reported by: Cesil Jane Callora
MS in Mathematics EducationReferences

3. What is Data Collection?
• The process by which the researchers collects the
information needed to answer the research problem.
• In an established systematic fashion that enables one
to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses,
and evaluate outcomes.

4. In collecting the data, the
researcher must decide:
When to collect the data?
Who will collect the data?
How to collect the data?
Which data to collect?

5. Research Instruments
• Described as a devise used to
collect the data.
• Facilitate variable observation and
measurement.
• The type of instrument used by the
researcher depends on the data
collection method selected.

6. Ways of Searching for Research Instruments
• Read professional journals to learn what kind of
instruments are being used for similar studies, their format,
style and how they are used by the writers.
• Read books that provide a description or an actual copy of
various instruments for the reader.
• Talk with other researchers who may know of certain tools
they have developed for themselves, or may have used tools
developed by others.

7. Ways of Searching for Research Instruments
• Combine or adapt one or more tools used by other
researchers.
• Develop his/her own instrument to fulfil a specific need.
Ways of Searching for Research Instruments

8. Types of Research Instruments
Observation

9. Use of Existing Data
• These are data that the researcher did not
collect. It can be interview notes or audio-or
video-tapes.
• It provide all the data instantly so it save
time, money and effort.

10. Types of Data
• Primary Data: Are those which are collected fresh
and for the first time and thus happen to be original
in character.
• Secondary Data: Are those which have been
collected by someone else and which have already
been passed through the statistical process.

12. • The most popular methods of data collection in
which the data was being obtained.
• It may be through the use of a self-administered
questionnaire or through the use of an interview
schedule.
• Questionnaire is often referred to as “lazy man’s
way of gaining information”
Q
U
E
S
T
I
O
N
I
N
G

13. Self-administered Questionnaire
• It can be mailed or personally administered (as in a classroom)
• It is useful when a researcher cannot personally see all people from
whom the researcher desires responses or where there is no
particular reason to see the respondent’s personally.

15. Guidelines in using Questionnaire
Relevance to the objective
of the study
Singleness of purpose
Correct grammar
Clarity of language

16. • Facilitates data gathering
• Less expensive to administer
• Less pressure on the part of the respondent
• Easy to test data of reliability and validity
• Less in time-consuming than an interview and
observation
• Preserves the anonymity and confidently of the
respondents’ reactions and answers.

17. • Printing and mailing are costly.
• Response rate maybe low.
• Respondents may provide only socially
acceptable answers.
• There is less chance to clarify ambiguous
answers.
• Respondents must be no physical handicaps.
• Rate of retrieval can be low.

18. Interview
• A face-to-face interaction between two or
more persons.
• It is a sense of an oral questionnaire.

19. Element of an
Interview
Interviewee
-the one
who supplies
the
information
asked.

20. Purpose of Interview
• To collect data
• To verify information gathered from written sources
• To clarify points of information
• To update information

21. • An instrument which is vey often used in questioning.
• It is an instrument that attempts to obtain the measured
attitude or belief of an individual.
• Usually used to infer attitude-expressed opinion of an
individual.
THE OPINIONNAIRE

22. Semantic Differential Scale
• A technique attempts to find the meanings
that objects and people possess.
• It is a devise consists of any number of
paired adjectives, opposite in meaning,
the seven blanks between them.
• A concept or name is placed at the top of
the page.
• The concept could be an object, a person,
a picture, or an abstract idea.

23. Likert Scale
• Most commonly used in educational research, it
measures attitudes, feelings and behaviors of the
students.

24. • Direct collection of data.
• A process whereby the researcher
watches the research situation.
• Mostly used when the respondents are
unwilling to express themselves verbally.
THE
OBSERVATION

25. Guidelines to Good Observation
• The observation scheme must be carefully planned.
• The observer must be objective (not biased)
• The observer must be able to separate facts from
interpretation of the facts.
• Observations must be carefully and expertly recorded.

26. References:
• Prado, N. et al (2011). Methods in Research. CMU-IMDC
• Nalzaro, L,.Retrieved from
hhtps://www.slideshare.net/mobile/ludymae/chapter-9methods-of-
data-collection