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- 1. THE WHY: Cultivating Medicinal Herbs Cassandra Lee Nicholson Plant Princess Enterprises www.plantprincessenterprises.com
- 5. WHY CULTIVATE MEDICINAL HERBS? 1. HEALTH 2. NEED 3. RELATIONSHIP
- 7. Perceived Restorativeness Scale Health Need Relationship Being Away • Being here is an escape experience. • Spending time here gives me a break from my day-to-day routine. • It is a place to get away from it all. • Being here helps me to relax my focus on getting things done. • Coming here helps me to get relief from unwanted demands on my attention. Fascination • This place has fascinating qualities. • My attention is drawn to many interesting things. • I want to get to know this place better. • There is much to explore and discover here. • I want to spend more time looking at the surroundings. • This place is boring. • The setting is fascinating. • There is nothing worth looking at here. Coherance • There is too much going on. • It is a confusing place. • There is a great deal of distraction. • It is chaotic here. Compatibility • Being here suits my personality. • I can do things I like here. • I have a sense that I belong here. • I can find ways to enjoy myself here. • I have a sense of oneness with this setting. • There are landmarks to help me get around. • I could easily form a mental map of this place. • It is easy to find my way around here. • It is easy to see how things are organized. “Restorative environments help renew psychological resources depleted in environments that do not fully support intended functions.” Terry Hartig, Kalevi Korpela, Gary W. Evans & Tommy Gärling (1997) A measure of restorative quality in environments, Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 14:4, 175-194, DOI: 10.1080/02815739708730435
- 8. It Began with a Window… The Research • 1984 • Roger Ulrich • View through a Window Health Need Relationship
- 9. –Healthcare Design Magazine, 2010 “Roger Ulrich, PhD, is perhaps the most cited and influential evidence-based healthcare design researcher in the world.” Healthcare Design Magazine. “A Conversation with Roger Ulrich.” 31 Oct. 2010 www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/architecture/conversation-roger-ulrich/ Image: http://naturesacred.org/natural-design-for-better-health-an-interview-with-dr-roger-ulrich/ the most frequently cited researcher internationally in evidence-based healthcare design Health Need Relationship
- 10. View through a WindowUlrich, Roger. "View through a window may influence recovery." Science 224, no. 4647 (1984): 224-225. SCOPE 46 Cholycysectomy Patients -23 post-surgical recovery pairs (15 female, 8 male) matched by: oSex oAge (within 5 years) oSmoking oWeight oNature of previous hospitalization oYear of Surgery (within 6 years) oFloor level oRoom Color Health Need Relationship
- 11. View through a WindowUlrich, Roger. "View through a window may influence recovery." Science 224, no. 4647 (1984): 224-225. THE SETTING Brick Wall v. Window with view of trees (with foliage) CONSIDERATIONS “with foliage” means assessments only included when seasonally appropriate (May 1 – Oct 20) THE FINDINGS… •Information Taken from each record (with results) oHospitalization Reduced:: .0.74 days (7.96 v. 8.70):- oMild Pain Medication Reduced: -Number/strength of analgesics each day -Grouped by day and strength (mild, moderate, strong) ▪Day 1: no difference expected ▪Day 2-5: Trees : Mild/Moderate :: Bricks : strong (analgesic dose) ▪Day 5: Only 45% of patients with nature view took analgesics on 5th day ▪Day 6 & 7: no difference expected oNegative Nurses Notes reduced by over half (2.26 difference = 3.96 v. 1.13) ALL FINDINGS WERE REPORTED Use of anxiety prescriptions (tranquilizers, barbituates) did not change. There was no difference in #/Strength used in 2 different groups. Health Need Relationship
- 13. So Many Benefits!Frumkin, H. et al. Nature Contact and Human Health: A Research Agenda. Environ Health Perspect Vol 125, Issue 7, July 2017. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1663 (Frumkin et al. 2017)
- 14. Shetland rX for Nature Health Need Relationship Shetland, Scotland approves rX Oct. 5, 2018 www.healthyshetland.com
- 16. https://www.healthyshetland.com/site/assets/files/1178/730-1309-17-18_nature_prescriptions_calendar_4sep.pdf Health Need Relationship Shetland rX for Nature Note the Dialect
- 17. Proximity to Green Space The Research • The Lancet Mitchell & Popham 2008 • Environmental Perspectives Hart et al, 2016
- 18. SCOPE: -4 year Observational Population Study (2000-2005) >360,000 included (based on criteria)/40m BACKGROUND •“Access to such areas [green space] can modify pathways through which low socioeconomic position can lead to disease.” POSTULATION: “Socioeconomic inequalities…less pronounced…w/greater exposure to green space.” INVESTIGATION “Whether the magnitude of income-related health inequality varies by exposure to green space.” “GREEN SPACE” “Open, undeveloped land w/natural vegetation” -Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Healthy places terminology, 2008. http: //www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/terminology. htm (accessed July 17, 2008). Mitchell, Richard and Frank Popham. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet 2008; 372: 1655–60. (Mitchell and Popham 2008)
- 19. Mitchell, Richard and Frank Popham. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet 2008; 372: 1655–60. PATHWAYS TO HEALTH “There is a causal pathway on which green space might plausibly exert an effect.” FINDINGS •Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) change w/proximity to green space •All-cause mortality (1.93/1.43); •Circulatory Disease (2.19/1.54) •Psychological and Physiological Restoration •Reduction of Stress and Blood Pressure •Promotion of Healing (Mitchell and Popham 2008)
- 20. Mitchell, Richard and Frank Popham. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet 2008; 372: 1655–60. INTERPRETATION “Populations that are exposed to the greenest environments also have lowest levels of health inequality related to income deprivation. Physical environments that promote good health might be important to reduce socioeconomic health inequalities.” CONCLUSION “in all-cause and circulatory disease mortality related to income deprivation is lower in populations who live in the greenest areas than in those who have less exposure to green space.” 6% IT GETS BETTER: This study could not estimate exposure to green space over time (see next slide) (Mitchell and Popham 2008)
- 21. (Hart et al. 2016)James P, Hart JE, Banay RF, Laden F. 2016. Exposure to greenness and mortality in a nationwide prospective cohort study of women. Environ Health Perspect 124:1344–1352; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363 SCOPE: -8 Year Prospective Cohort Study (2000-2008) -108,630 women CONTEXT: Given shortcomings of body of literature examined, time-varying green- ness and mortality in a nationwide prospec- tive cohort of women while accounting for important potential confounding factors and addressing potential mediators. FINDINGS: •12% lower rate of all-cause mortality (non-accidental) in those that lived nearest the greenest areas. •Strongest associations in •Respiratory Disease (Smokers were excluded, unlike Mitchell & Popham) •Cancer Mortality
- 22. (Hart et al. 2016)James P, Hart JE, Banay RF, Laden F. 2016. Exposure to greenness and mortality in a nationwide prospective cohort study of women. Environ Health Perspect 124:1344–1352; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363 MEDIATING AFFECTS OF GREEN SPACE ADDRESSED •Air pollution •Physical activity, •Social engagement, •Mental health improvement STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES: •Time-varying measures of exposure to greenness •Generalizability restricted as study covered only all nurses, 90% White Non-Hispanic •Confounders Excluded, such as smoking status and individual- and area-level Socio-economic status
- 23. –A Mystic Garden by Gunilla Norris “How full of invisible life is the garden you’ve been given.”
- 24. Theories For Benefits Health Need Relationship • Attention Restoration Theory (ART) • Stress Reduction Theory (SRT)
- 25. Attention & Focus The Research • Attention Restoration Theory • Rachel Kaplan and Stephen Kaplan • “Soft Fascination” Health Need Relationship
- 26. Perceived Restorativeness Scale Health Need Relationship Being Away • Being here is an escape experience. • Spending time here gives me a break from my day-to-day routine. • It is a place to get away from it all. • Being here helps me to relax my focus on getting things done. • Coming here helps me to get relief from unwanted demands on my attention. Fascination • This place has fascinating qualities. • My attention is drawn to many interesting things. • I want to get to know this place better. • There is much to explore and discover here. • I want to spend more time looking at the surroundings. • This place is boring. • The setting is fascinating. • There is nothing worth looking at here. Coherance • There is too much going on. • It is a confusing place. • There is a great deal of distraction. • It is chaotic here. Compatibility • Being here suits my personality. • I can do things I like here. • I have a sense that I belong here. • I can find ways to enjoy myself here. • I have a sense of oneness with this setting. • There are landmarks to help me get around. • I could easily form a mental map of this place. • It is easy to find my way around here. • It is easy to see how things are organized. “Restorative environments help renew psychological resources depleted in environments that do not fully support intended functions.” Terry Hartig, Kalevi Korpela, Gary W. Evans & Tommy Gärling (1997) A measure of restorative quality in environments, Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research, 14:4, 175-194, DOI: 10.1080/02815739708730435
- 27. Restoring the Mind… Health Need RelationshipBerto, Rita. The Role of Nature in Coping with Psycho-Physiological Stress: A Literature Review on Restorativeness. Behav. Sci. 2014, 4(4), 394-409; doi:10.3390/bs4040394 “Mental/attentional fatigue manifests itself in: •Negative emotions, •Irritability, •Impulsiveness, •Impatience, •Reduced tolerance for frustration, •Insensitivity to interpersonal cues, •Decrease altruistic behaviors, •Reduced performance, •Increased likelihood of taking risks.”
- 28. Stress Reduction The Research • Stress Recovery Theory • Shin Rin Yoku • Horticulture Therapy Health Need Relationship
- 29. Creativity Enhancement • Transplanting for 10 minutes • Increased alpha waves in brain. • Stronger correlation with flowering plants. • 119 participants K. Yamane, M. Kawashima, N. Fujishige and M. Yoshida. Effects of Interior Horticultural Activities with Potted Plants on Human Physiological and Emotional Status. Acta Hort. 639, ISHS 2004 Health Need Relationship
- 31. Health Need Relationshipwww.farmland.org/initatives/farmsunderthreat • Between 1992 and 2012, we lost nearly 31 million acres of land. -175 acres an hour, or, 3 acres every single minute -Like losing the state of Iowa, or, New York • Expanding urban areas accounted for 59 percent of the loss. • At present, average age of farmers is 80 years old.
- 32. Decide what thou desirest to accomplish and then work will aid thee to achieve it!’ -Richest Man in Babylon “Exhaust all you draw from Heaven and never have gain in sight; simply keep yourself tenuous.” -Chuang Tzu, The Inner Chapters Upon conclusion of the second meeting, Hu-tzu says of Lieh-tzu's master, "Just now I showed him Heaven and the fertilised ground. Names and substances had not found a way in, but the impulses were coming up from my heels. I should think he saw my impules towards the good." - Health Need Relationship
- 34. Health Need Relationshiphttp://sustainableherbsproject.com/what-is-sustainable-medicine/ “I believe that a large portion of the healing power of plants is the actual interaction with plants… …which is why I think we should have more small farms, and more people growing small quantities of high quality medicine.” -Jeff Bodony, Viriditas Wild Gardens ( ), Sustainable Herbs Project, “What is Sustainable Medicine”
- 35. Children Who Don’t Know Where Food Comes From Health Need Relationship
- 36. • Richard Louv • Myopia: lack of imagination, foresight, or intellectual insight. - Health Need Relationship
- 39. Have you reckon’d a thousand acres much? have you reckon’d the earth much? Have you practis’d so long to learn to read? Have you felt so proud to get at the meaning of poems? Stop this day and night with me and you shall possess the origin of all poems, You shall possess the good of the earth and sun, (there are millions of suns left,) You shall no longer take things at second or third hand, nor look through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books, You shall not look through my eyes either, nor take things from me, You shall listen to all sides and filter them from your self. -Walt Whitman, Song of Myself Health Need Relationship
- 40. Health Need Relationship • Stephen Harrod Buhner • Systole/Diastole • Exercises -
- 41. Health Need Relationship • Margaret Colquohoun and Axel Ewald • Using art to hone perception -
- 42. Health Need Relationship • “pioneering a new vision of man and nature in cooperation” • Scotland, vision, quest, cliffside gardens in poor conditions thrive -
- 43. BONUS CASE STUDY • Cayenne (Powder pack) • Viola (tincture, nervine) • Yarrow Rinse (infusion, dry leaf) • Plantain Bandage (fresh plant)
- 44. CASE STUDY
- 46. VIOLA Viola tricolor &V. odorata Violaceae • By any other name…Johnny Jump Up; Heartsease • MUCILAGINOUS: moisturizing. As they bloom and look most beautiful in the spring and fall, they are preparing the body with deep lubrication. • AERIAL PARTS: entirety of above-ground plant can be eaten.
- 48. CAYENNE PEPPER Capsicum annuum, Solanaceae
- 49. CAYENNE PEPPERCapsicum annuum, Solanaceae • ANTIMICROBIAL • STYPTIC: no true hemostatic in nature, but cayenne is the closest we have outside of Chinese patent formula Yunnan Baiyao. • STIMULATING: interesting because topically it stops blood and internally it moves blood. Cool huh? • THERMOGENIC: fancy word for metabolism boosting. Applications for weight loss.
- 50. CAYENNE PEPPER Capsicum annuum, Solanaceae • CLASSIC COMPANIONS: • Basil • Marjoram • Oregano • Carrot • Borage • Dill. • Example of temperature in balance.
- 51. PLANTAIN Plantago lanceolata / P. major, Plantaginaceae
- 52. PLANTAIN Plantago lanceolata / P. major, Plantaginaceae • DOCTRINE OF SIGNATURES: looks like what it does; mnemonic w/some accuracy. Use creatively not exclusively. • VULNERARY: wound-healing • ANTI-MICROBIAL: wow, it feels like infection is coursing through my veins and being pulled to the plantain like a magnet! • FOOD: Seeds provide fiber (psyllium); diced leaves are yum. • SPIT POULTICE: best thing for fire ant bites on the farm.
- 54. YARROW Achillea millefolium, Asteraceae • ANTI-MICROBIAL. Tea of aerial parts. • DIAPHORETIC: flowers especially. Prepare fresh or dried infusion.
- 55. CASE STUDY
- 56. CASE STUDY
- 57. RESOURCES
- 63. RESOURCES www.americanherbalistsguild.com Herbalism Annual Symposium October 25-29, 2018 Helen, GA
- 66. Thank You for Being Here Let’s cultivate medicinal herbs!
- 67. I Love to Hear from You! EMAIL cassandra@plantprincessenterprises.com SLIDES www.slideshare.net/CassandraNicholson3 WEBSITE www.plantprincessenterprises.com @plantprincessenterprises @adurableheart Plant Princess Enterprises Cassandra Lee Nicholson @aplantprincess @adurableheart