This document discusses cloud computing and its potential impact and challenges for libraries. It provides an overview of cloud computing and how it allows ubiquitous access to stored data from any device with an internet connection. The document discusses how cloud computing could help libraries reduce paper usage and storage needs. It also examines some concerns with cloud computing, such as reliability during high usage periods and legal/security issues. Finally, it discusses steps libraries would need to take to plan and implement a cloud system, such as choosing appropriate vendors, testing options, and training staff.

1. Running head: CLOUD COMPUTING 1
Cloud Computing:
A Challenge for the 21st Century Library
Caroline Helms
San Jose State University

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Introduction
There is no avoiding cloud computing and what it is capable of. The changes and
challenges the cloud brings to the new era of computer usage will truly test the library setting.
System librarians also need worry about which cloud plan to choose and how to implement it.
It is a wonderful thing when vendors and library facilities can come together and work on
a product that will benefit both staff and their patronage. The challenge is in how staff decides on
the right product to use that will both strengthen the facility and not cause much of a budget
issue.
Introducing the Cloud
Cloud computing is a web-based decentralized network of information which can be
accessed from various locations. It provides readily available and organized information. It does
not mind what kind of computer is used to access it. Data can be accessed from any location or
device. The vendor decides how much storage room is available. Cloud content generally refers
to files stored on the desktop.
Much paper is used for the countless journals, books, newspapers, and magazines that
come out every year. Most of those published, generally, are in print form. This is a lot of
resource used. It is unclear exactly how much paper is used. However, a solution is possible, and
certainly the cloud can provide this. Cloud computing may very well become the standard for
computing.

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Few can doubt the impact the cloud will have on the future of computing. Although, it
needs an Internet connection to thrive. As such, it thrives in the virtual environment. The cloud
creates its own realm in this environment. Wherever it lives, it provides the opportunity to save
and share information via remote locations. Can cloud computing make it easier to keep track of
all these processes?
Perhaps one of the most notable developments is related to a new storage capability,
especially the cloud, which permits files to be backed up and worked upon from any location. Its
role will surely expand in the future. As an alternative to locally installed software, the cloud
may very well replace or extend it. In addition, it is proving to be an exceptional medium for the
preservation of materials that would deteriorate over time like DVDs.
The nature of how people interact with computers has changed dramatically. Cloud
computing has blurred the relationship between creators and users. In the cloud environment,
libraries provide greater access to the tools patrons need to interact with the digital world.
Libraries can create new services to support the technological needs of their community. As the
use of the cloud has increased, more ways are being found to share expertise and resources.
How has the cloud evolved? As it has changed, so too have the resources available for it.
It is difficult to say exactly how much software functions on this platform (e.g., the vastness of
the Internet itself).
The growth of the Internet and an ever-increasing diversity of electronic resources
provide solutions to cloud software hoping to evolve. It could be noted that the attention given
would increase, given its relevance in current times. Platforms on the market can be
distinguished from each other based upon the size of the businesses they cater to. The services
might be customized. The software can evolve with the business.

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The cloud allows limitless innovation. Today, a huge shift is occurring in how it is
changing the computer environment. Thomas (2010) identified tools such as Drupal and Amazon
Web Services to create a cloud system. These tools support innovation and flexibility in services.
How people communicate with computers in the future will surely be cloud based. A crucial sign
of this is the app, which attempts to design software for a specific task. So it seems “we’re
entering a new world in which data may be more important than software” (Brynko, 2009).
The Library and the Cloud
It is difficult to say exactly what the cloud is to any one service. We will specifically look
at the cloud in the library setting. More attention is paid to the broad usage it provides in this
environment through the Internet. The concern is how it will be integrated in library services.
The cloud will make many changes in how libraries will engage their patronage and distribute
information.
Cloud will very likely change the way the library functions. This is probably true based
on how much computers have impacted modern life. Patron trends show this to be true. The
cloud will limit the necessity of library staff relying on the IT department for advice. Any
systems librarian should seriously think about cloud computing.
This revolutionary new technology provides system librarians with new and rich
opportunities to become educated and informed. They are growing up in this environment
finding new ways to add content and cut costs. An Online article noted, for example, that
librarians can simplify the way patrons find their information by downloading library apps
(Bates, 2012).

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Analyzing data is basic to librarian skills. As Becker has written, librarians can get a feel
for how a cloud works by “creating an account with Google Docs and uploading some of the
research guides and handouts you already have stored on your computer” (2011). Dabbling with
the technology is vital, bit it is equally important to learn how to share your information through
Google Docs or another service. This balance between sharing and experimentation will better
prepare the library for implementation of the cloud. The knowledge gained from this can be
passed on to other staff.
The ability to access content from virtually anywhere is a great feature. If necessary,
work can be done from home or work. This works well for staff that calls in sick but can still
contribute from home. Mobile devices could also be used so long as Internet connection is
established. Collaboration can also occur rather than all meeting in one room.
The cloud strengthens the relationship between staff. Collaboration can occur from
anywhere and all work can be reviewed. Team members can review each other’s work.
Outcomes from the work can be evaluated. This can also be done through the administration
department in monitoring other employee’s work.
Change to a cloud-based system will be more apparent in the pre-existing tools in the
library. This would apply to common software such as OCLC WorldCat and the DuraCloud
(Breeding, 2009). As more cloud usage occurs, more organizations will adapt.
The two goals any library must vigorously pursue are the goals of the library and the
demands of their patronages. The cloud service a library provides should be in an easy-to-read
and searchable format. Many cloud users (whether in the library, public, or corporate setting, but
especially the latter) have faith in the benefits it provides.

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Ebook use is quite popular, and its use is increasing based on such factors as economic
cost, technology availability, and level of interest. An Information Today (2012) study revealed
that many libraries are participating in ebook usage. Less than half are going this route; however,
almost the same percentage is in the planning stages toward this goal. While these numbers are
low (26% and 33% respectively), the growth of this trend cannot be ignored. Once patron
records can be accessed electronically, staff can guide the patron along in their checkout habits.
No new equipment or hardware would be needed for this.
Concerns
Despite its usefulness, some have expressed concern over how the cloud will handle a
large amount of usage at one time. Kho (2009) described an example of how the New York
Times Co. worked abound the amount of users accessing their cloud during the presidential
elections of that time. Various aspects of the election were displayed such as how people feel,
how the voting is going, and the election coverage. Libraries too can become multifaceted and
prepared to handle large group of people.
Cloud allows access of material from various locations and the storage of multiple
resources. Relying on non-library company cloud is a risk particularly if the company goes out of
business.
There are legal issues with the cloud. Usages in the past sense were relegated to use
within the United States. Issues were characterized from an American perspective.

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Usage of the cloud does not correspond with all minds. For example, the power of freely
using the cloud is limited; usage of music and other forms of media without prior permission
from their respective owners can lead to legal issues.
Cloud computing provides an easier way for those to access the information they want
but could not find otherwise. If done through the sanctioned library cloud, material can be shared
without fear of legal action. This could win over a patronage which might have resorted to illegal
file sharing otherwise.
Academic libraries are using cloud computing more so than others. As it is understood
now, this form of computing provides a wide variety of content. Although academic libraries are
using this tool more than other forms of libraries, others are beginning to see the value in its
implementation. Now, the concern lies between publishers and libraries regarding the security
of content and the possible costs for lending material. Tan (2012) observed, “A resolution
between the parties has to be found before broader cloud-based adoption is possible”.
Planning and Implementation
A lot of planning is involved in preparing a cloud service for the library facility. Staff has
to think about what content will be on the cloud and how it will be distributed.
Libraries must decide what cloud service to choose based upon the best needs for the
facility. A small public library, for example, must choose a simple service, whose usage and
structure is not too complex for its audience. Cloud computing will soon become an everyday
part of the library experience, and many companies are stepping up to provide their products.

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Negotiating with staff over choosing cloud software vendors is practical. The primary
discussion, therefore, may center on who has administrative access to it and how they will use it.
For example, the relevancy of search results could be controlled. The software is not exclusive to
library usage, nor are they mutually exclusive; indeed, they might rely heavily on general or
corporate implementation. Following a review of these vendors, some of the challenges and
rewards related to their products can be discussed.
Great care must be taken for choosing a vendor to go to for your automation needs. Many
issues affect how this decision is made. Information systems cannot be well designed without a
clear understanding of the electronic resources in place. Limited staff also places a strain on the
amount of work the resources must perform to compensate. Existing staff might also want a say
in adding features to the software.
Vendors have to clearly identify how their products will solve the library concerns. There
are many versions of cloud computing and they should all be looked at differently. Library staff
need to educate themselves to truly know all they can about the product. Vendors must also
participate in this in order to answer all questions. Education is important for both sides of the
transaction. Trial runs could help allay fears.
For example, there are so many options to choose from: hence, it would be difficult to
know what resource to use for what product. Vendors can charge for how long and often the
service is used. On top of that, what service should be chosen? These are infrastructure, software,
and platform services to choose from. Cost is also a factor. Pile security concerns on top of that
and you have quite the challenge placed before you.
When assessing the costs involved with backing up the libraries pre-existing databases to
the cloud, it is necessary to do research. When analyzing the Amazon S3 service, Zmec and

9. CLOUD COMPUTING 9
Lavbic (2011) found that “using portable hard drive to transfer full backup is not reasonable,
because the costs of this kind of transfer amount to 235$, versus transfer of the same amount of
data over 10 Mbit Internet connection, which costs 25$”. This is the price paid when transferring
the data to the cloud over a one month period. This is especially prudent for library facilities with
budget concerns.
Le Roux (2011) suggested that worries about cloud computing costs are
counterproductive, especially since the usage of infrastructure is minimized. Such criticism is
unfounded because of the various locations and devices it can be accessed from.
Collaboration beyond fellow library staff and companies that cater specifically to library
services might possibly change for the future of cloud computing. Many of the services on the
market today are through services such as Amazon or Google. Libraries are being confronted
with working with commercial interests to get the products they need. For years planning has
generally been done among library staff. Now the decision to work beyond the library walls will
be a certainty.
Once a cloud system is in place, staff would need to work out all the kinks in the system.
An example of this could be material not checking out or material not having the correct due
date. In the rush to provide access, consultation with the lending companies such as OCLC might
be necessary. This would lead to the problem of not having the cloud available when patron
demand is high. Assure them that the issue is only impermanent.
Conclusion

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Libraries today are searching for new ways to solve old problems and looking to
emerging technology can present the solution. Cloud computing is becoming a part of everyday
business, education, and life. Having the ability to store and access your content across multiple
hardware from seemingly infinite locations is changing the way people work. To solve the
problem of storage and availability, libraries should be considering cloud computing. Through
cloud computing libraries can store their resources on a digital space that can be accessed by
their entire patronage. This is also a means for staff to communicate and share their work
resources without even having to be in the facility. There are concerns with the reliability,
security, and cost of cloud computing. These can be remedied by researching, undergoing test
trials, and making an informed decision amongst staff about the vendors for cloud computing.
Libraries need to look into which vendor can provide the service they need at the cost they can
afford. It may even be possible to establish an in-house library maintained cloud and limit the
dependency upon a vendor. Once a cloud computing system has been established the library will
become an even more valuable asset to its community or facility. A library with a cloud provides
an efficient means of communication for its staff and a wealth of resources readily available for
its patrons. A library with a cloud is ready for the future.

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References
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Breeding,M.(2009). The Advance of ComputingFromthe Groundto the Cloud. ComputersIn Libraries,
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Brynko,B. (2009). JigsawLaunchesData Fusion. InformationToday,26(5),34.
Brynko,B. (2012). Libraries:CopingWith'Digital Squeeze'. InformationToday, 29(4),1-36.
Kho,N. (2009). Contentinthe Cloud. Econtent,32(2), 26-30.
Le Roux,C.B., & Evans, N.N. (2011). Can cloudcomputingbridge the digital divide inSouthAfrican
secondaryeducation?. Information Development,27(2),109-116.
Tan, T. (2012). Market TransformationEqualsChallengesandOpportunities. PublishersWeekly,259(17),
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Thomas,L. (2010). LITA CrowdSharesTech-spertiseonInnovations,Trends,the Cloud. American
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