Sharing in one of the lecture of community planning workshop, MSc. in Urban Planning, HKU, in Sept 2017

1. Critical Issues in
Planning of Rural NT:
Rationality
and
Justice
Camille Lam
Town Planner,
Member of Liber Research
Community

2. 1. Brownfield Study
2. Loophole of TPO
3. Privilege to
Indigenous Villages
4. Fanling Golf Course
Critical Issues in Planning of Rural NT:
Rationality and Justice

3. Brownfield in HK

Strong Demand for Port Back-Up Land Use
without Proper Planning
1. Brownfield Study

4. Problems Raised by Brownfield
Operations

Environmental Problem: Fire Safety
Fire on Sites of Recycling Materials in
Wang Toi Shan, Pak Heung (Oct
2013)
(Photos from Internet))
1. Brownfield Study

5. Definition of “Brownfield” in
HK

No official definition

With reference to the report published by
ProCommons in 2013 ：
Destroyed agricultural land converted intoDestroyed agricultural land converted into
open storage of containers, open storageopen storage of containers, open storage
of recycling materials, and vehicles parkingof recycling materials, and vehicles parking
areas in New Territories.areas in New Territories.
1. Brownfield Study

6. Definition of “Brownfields” (Overseas
Examples)
US
An abandoned or underutilized property
where expansion or redevelopment is
hindered by either real or perceived
environmental contamination.
UK Previously-developed land, whether
vacant/derelict
Japan
Lands which are unused or with extremely
limited use compared to their intrinsic value
because of existence or potential
existence of soil contamination.
1. Brownfield Study

7. Origin of Brownfield in HK
• Court Case in 1983 (Melhado Case)
 Appealed to Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy
Council ( 英國樞密院 )
 Brown Crown Lease described the landuse only
 No restriction on landuse
1. Brownfield Study
1950s
Influx of immigrants
From China
KTCT completed;
Open Door Policy of PRC
1970s
1983
Melhado Case
Amendment of TPO
Introducing DPA Plan
1991

8. Source: AFCD/ AFD (1953 to 2011) Departmental Annual Report
1953-2011. Hong Kong: Governmental Press; editted by Lau Hoi Lung

9. Situational Investigation
Research Methodology
• Using geo-information system including Google
Earth 、 Google Map and Google Street View
• Recognizing the distribution of brownfield of
Hong Kong via 2015 satellite images
1. Brownfield Study

10. Classification
Category Content Appearance Examples
1) Container
Yard
Open area for
container
storage
Regular and large
rectangular shapes
shown on Google
Map
2) Open Car
Park
Open car parks
of container
trucks, private
cars, coaches
while car parks
located within
village or
countryside
estates are not
included
On Google Map,
round dots
concentrating on
open area are
private cars while
dots linked with
rectangular shapes
are container
trucks and rounded
rectangular shapes
are coaches.
Private
Car Park
Heavy
Goods
Vehicles
Park
Brownfield Investigation 2015
1. Brownfield Study

11. Category Content Appearance Examples
3) Storage,
waste
recycling
purpose
Open storage
of construction
materials,
construction
waste and
recycling
materials
A piles of materials
or wastes on open
area or near
storage house
observed on Google
Map
4) Others
(wasteland,
illegible)
Difficult to
identify the use
of space
Destroyed
wasteland or sites
occupied by
temporary
structures covered
by corrugated iron
sheet
Classification
Brownfield Investigation 2015
1. Brownfield Study

12. Category Area (Ha) ( % ）
Storage and
recycling materials
472.7
39.7
Container Yard 305.7 25.6
Open Car Park 171.5 14.4
Others (wasteland,
illegible)
242.1
20.3
Total Area 1,192.0 100.0
1. Brownfield Study
Brownfield Investigation 2015

13. Brownfield Investigation 2015
https://goo.gl/vKxNkr
1. Brownfield Study

14. Situational Investigation
Characters of Brownfield
•
Most is found in the norther NT, near the cross border
•
Close relationship with the cross-border trading and services
•
Mainly distributed along major roads and some spreading to the
countryside green area
•
Lack of proper management & lack of efficient use of land with
env. problem
Open Storage of electronic
waste recycling in Hung Lung
Hang (taken on 5 Oct 2013 )
Hui Shui Kiu
(taken on 5 Oct 2013)
Hung Shui Kiu
1. Brownfield Study

15. Case Analysis －
Shelved Yuen Long Wang Chau Brownfield PRH Development
1. Brownfield Study
Government Land
Private Land

16. Policy Recommendation
1. Provide Definition for Brownfield
• Clear official definition
• Including land structure, current situation and policy
• Develop public database on Brownfield land
2. Formulate territory-wide integrated policy on
brownfield land
• Land Pollution paid by the polluters
• Subsidise environmental rehabilitation
• Subsidise industrial transformation
• Build multi-storey car parks to replace open temporary car-
parks
3. Establish “Brownfield Priority” development policy
principle
1. Brownfield Study

17. Policy Recommendation
4. Develop public database on brownfield land
• updated annually and clearly denotes the existing purpose,
usage efficiency, property ownership, compatibility with
adjacent land in terms of land use of each brownfield site
• enables the general public to take up an overseeing role
on the issue of brownfield land extension
1. Brownfield Study

18. Government’s Reaction
• to recognise Brownfield as one of the source of
land supply (2030+) (DevB)
• to conducted Territory-wide Survey on the
Distribution and Use of Brownfield Sites
(commenced in 2017) (DevB)
• to implement e-waste disposal licence system
(EnB)
1. Brownfield Study

19. Area PlanD have no enforcement
power?
2. Loophole in TPO
Keywords:
Tai Po,
Greenbelt,
Brownfield, DPA
Source: HK01

20. Area PlanD have no enforcement
power?
2. Loophole in TPO
Keywords:
South Lantau,
Pui O, Wetland,
DPA
Source: SCMP, AppleDaily

21. Types of Statutory Plans
DPA Plan – Development Permission Area Plan
• Introduced to cover rural NT after Amendment of
TPO in 1990/91
• PlanD have enforcement power
OZP – Outline Zoning Plan
• Guiding and controlling the uses of the land
• PlanD have no enforcement power
2. Loophole in TPO

22. 2. Loophole in TPO

23. Town Planning Ordinance (Cap. 131)
20. Development permission area plans
(2) The Board shall not designate as a
development permission area any area that
is or was previously included in a plan under
this Ordinance, other than a plan prepared
under section 26.
“a plan under this Ordinance” = OZP;
“a plan prepared under section 26” = Interim
development permission area plan
2. Loophole in TPO

24. 3. Indigenous Villages

25. Small House Policy
Policy Aim:
to improve living quality of villages, as a
“concessionary grant” by the Government
Eligible Persons:
An “indigenous villager” who is a male person at
least 17 years old and is descended through the
male line from a resident in 1898 of a
recognised village is eligible to apply for building
a small house once in the whole life;
Site:
within Village Environs and “V” zone (or “GB” or
“AGR” through S.16 Application)
3. Indigenous Villages

26. 3. Indigenous Villages
Before NENT NDA Plan After NENT NDA Plan
Expansion of “V” zone for Ho Sheung Heung

27. 3. Indigenous Villages
HK2030+

28. 3. Indigenous Villages
HK2030+

29. 3. Indigenous Villages
Non-indigenous Villages
菜園村 (Choi Yuen Chuen)
屯門紫田村 (Tsz Tin Chuen,
橫洲三村 (Wang Chau)

30. 4. Golf Course

31. 4. Golf Course
Alternative Plan of NENT NDA:
Development of Golf Course Site
Site Area: 170ha
Target Population:
80,000
Housing Mix:
PRH:HOS:Pri = 4:4:2
Other Features:
• Bus Rapid Transit
• Local Market
• Food Production
Area
• Reserving part of the
golf course
Credit: Green Sense

32. Reference Articles from LRC/CA
1. 《棕跡》 ( 本土研究社出版 )
2. 林芷筠 : 泥頭黑洞：棕土不斷蔓延的技術分析 ( 明報 )
3. ( 長春社 ) 吳希文 : 針對 郊破壞鄉 城規如何「玩鋪勁」 ( 獨媒
)
4. 林芷筠 : 保育者發展者同質疑的「棕土優先」 , 其實是什麼
？ ( 端傳媒 )
5. 陸佳兒 : 橫洲「棄綠保棕」非孤例 , 新界土地充斥「潛規劃
」 ( 端傳媒 )
6. 陳劍青 : 追蹤「被失棕」的香港土地 ( 端傳媒 )
7. 林芷筠 : 非原居民的哀歌 ( 新聞眾 )
8. 黃少雄 / 楊夏至 : 套丁不是權益：回應 議局廣告鄉 ( 明報 )
9. 黃少雄 / 陳劍青 : 披着傳統的新衣 ( 明報 )

33. Contact Us
Email: info@liber-research.com /
camille@liber-research.com
Website: http://www.liber-research.com
FB: localresearch