Presented by Dr. Pham Quynh Huong, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), on 10 November 2020 at "International workshop: Enhancing wetland management and sustainable development"

1. WATER LEVEL MONITORING IN
LÒ GÒ – XA MÁT NATIONAL
PARK, TÂY NINH PROVINCE
Phạm Quỳnh Hương
Technical Department, Lò Gò – Xa Mát National Park

2. Wetlands
INTRODUCTION
2
Diversity in ecosystem
services
The importance of wetlands
use & management.
Increase of human population
 overexploitation, land reclamation
for establishment & manufacture
 water pollution.
Wetlands degradation &
disappearance, especially in
developing countries.
Threatens to water resource, food
production & other human
activities.

3. Climate change: changes in
patterns of rainfall distribution
 severe flood in wet season
& drought in dry season 
threats to water sources &
quality.
Wetlands ecosystems in Lò Gò – Xa Mát National Park are threatened by
water pollution, overexploitation of natural resources, grazing
 serious disturbances on these ecosystems.
3
INTRODUCTION

4. Assessment of water level changes in seasonal flooded wetlands in Lò Gò – Xa
Mát Nattional Park, Tây Ninh Province.
4
Contribute to wetland
management &
conservation in the context
of global climate change.
AIMS

5. Lò Gò – Xa Mát National Park
An important reserve
area of Tây Ninh
Province & the
Southest Việt Nam 35 km from Tây Ninh
City & 135 km from
Hồ Chí Minh City
5 – 20 m above the
MSL

6. Seasonal flooded
wetlands in Lò Gò –
Xa Mát National Park
Spring
Pond
Wet-savanna

7.  Tà Nốt wet savanna:
strong fluctuation of water
level in soils & serious
drought in the dry seasons
(Trần Triết et al. 2006)
Quang pond: isolated
wetland in the center of
the park, less affected by
human activity.
Monitoring station (Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate
system):
• Tà Nốt: 592845.00 mE; 1287895.00 mN
• Quang pond: 599838.00 mE; 1285054.00 mN
• Control: 596814.00 mE; 1281079.00 mN
STUDY AREA
7

8. 8
METHODS
4 m
Ground
25 cm
string
stick
Water surface
h
h’HOBO® U20L
h = [p / (ρ * g)] + h’ (m)
Water level monitoring
h: water column height (m)
p: hydrostatic pressure (N/m2)
ρ : water density (kg/m3)
g: acceleration of gravity (9.81m/s2)
h’: distance between the sensor & the
well bottom (m)

9. METHODS
P = (d2 * h)/D2
P: precipitation (mm)
d: diameter of the cylinder (mm)
h: water column height (mm(
D: diameter of the funnel (mm)
Evaporation rate (mm/day) is the
difference in water level in the pan
between 2 days, exclusive of the
precipitation.
Water levels in the pan were recorded at 7am, together with the air
& ground temperature.

10. Box-and-Whisker Plot
20 22 24 26 28 30
Ta Not
Bau Quang
Box-and-Whisker Plot
23 25 27 29 31
Ta Not
Bau Quang
RESULTS
Soil tempetarure at Tà Nốt & bàu
Quang
Air temperatureTà Nốt & bàu Quang
Quang pond Tà Nốt wet-savanna
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Soiltemperature(oC)
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Airtemperature(oC)

11. RESULTS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Evaporastion(mm/month)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Precipitation(mm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
No.ofrainyday
Bàu Quang
Tà Nốt
Quang pond Tà Nốt wet-savanna
In spite of the significantly higher
precipitation & number of the rainy
days, the evaporation rate at Quang
pond was not difference from the rate at
Tà Nốt wet savanna.

12. -500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
05_10_2017
19_10_2017
02_11_2017
16_11_2017
30_11_2017
14_12_2017
28_12_2017
24_01_2018
07_02_2018
21_02_2018
07_03_2018
21_03_2018
04_04_2018
18_04_2018
02_05_2018
16_05_2018
30_05_2018
13_06_2018
27_06_2018
11_07_2018
25_07_2018
08_08_2018
22_08_2018
05_09_2018
19_09_2018
03_10_2018
Waterlevel(cm)
Control station
Ta Not
Bau Quang
DaHa
Box-and-Whisker Plot
-330 -280 -230 -180 -130 -80 -30
response
Water levels in soils at the monitoring stations
Box-and-Whisker Plot
0 20 40 60 80
Ta Not
Bau Quang
Flood levels at Tà Nốt wet-savanna &
Quang pond
Quang pond
Tà Nốt wet-savanna
RESULTS

13. -500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
05_10_2017
19_10_2017
02_11_2017
16_11_2017
30_11_2017
14_12_2017
28_12_2017
24_01_2018
07_02_2018
21_02_2018
07_03_2018
21_03_2018
04_04_2018
18_04_2018
02_05_2018
16_05_2018
30_05_2018
13_06_2018
27_06_2018
11_07_2018
25_07_2018
08_08_2018
22_08_2018
05_09_2018
19_09_2018
03_10_2018
Waterlevel(cm)
Quang pond
Tà Nốt wet-savanna
RESULTS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Evaporastion(mm/month)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun Jul. Aug. Sep.
Precipitation(mm)
Quang pond Tà Nốt wet-savanna

14. -300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
12_4_2007
29_7_2007
8_11_2007
6_3_2008
19_6_2008
2_10_2008
15_1_2009
30_4_2009
13_8_2009
26_11_2009
11_3_2010
24_6_2010
7_10_2010
20_1_2011
5_5_2011
18_8_2011
1_12_2011
15_3_2012
28_6_2012
11_10_2012
24_1_2013
9_5_2013
22_8_2013
5_12_2013
20_3_2014
3_7_2014
16_10_2014
29_1_2015
14_5_2015
27_8_2015
10_12_2015
24_3_2016
7_7_2016
20_10_2016
2_2_2017
18_5_2017
31_8_2017
14_12_2017
Waterlevel(cm)
Đa Ha
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
2_10_2014
13_11_2014
25_12_2014
5_2_2015
17_3_2015
30_4_2015
11_6_2015
23_7_2015
3_9_2015
15_10_2015
26_11_2015
7_1_2016
18_2_2016
31_3_2016
12_5_2016
23_6_2016
4_8_2016
15_9_2016
27_10_2016
8_12_2016
19_1_2017
2_3_2017
13_4_2017
25_5_2017
6_7_2017
17_8_2017
28_9_2017
9_11_2017
21_12_2017
1_2_2018
15_3_2018
26_4_2018
7_6_2018
19_7_2018
30_8_2018
12_10_2018
Waterlevel(cm)
Tà Nốt
Fluctuation of water
level from 2007 – 2018
atTà Nốt wet-savanna &
Đa Ha spring
RESULTS

15. Quang pond
Landscape alteration at Quang pond

16. CONCLUSIONS
Water levels in Quang pond
& Tà Nốt wet-savanna are
controlled by the
evaporation.
Serious drought at Quang
pond led to the
accumulation of laterite in
soils & threatened the
vegetation in this area.
Water levels & flood periods
at Đa Ha spring decreased,
resulted in water deficiency
in other wetlands.
Water levels in Tà Nốt soil
were lower than they were
before  drought in Tà Nốt
wet savanna.
Quick water loss in Tà Nốt
 accumulation of laterite
in the soils.