The Bubonic Plague

The Bubonic Plague
"The Black Death and the World After It"
The Bubonic Plague, often acknowledged as the worst epidemic in the history of Europe, also known as the Black Death, the Black Plague, and the
Pestilence, the worst time was 1348–1350. By the end of 1350, according to Zarlengo, almost three fourths of the population had been decimated.
Today the Pestilence has an antibiotic cure and since rats and fleas are kept at a low and are not shipped from one place to another, we have less of a
chance of getting it again. However, at that point there was no cure and people died by the hundreds.
Ships commonly traveled between Europe and the East, but precious cloth and other trades were not the only thing to arrive in Europe. Bordeaux a
port city in France was...show more content...
Some people, especially the religious, clung more fiercely to their beliefs. The Church was the one thing that would not pass away or fall to shambles.
Humans are wont to cling to a constant in times of trouble and the Church proved to be the rock in the river.
While the Black Death had many adverse effects, there were good ones too. Since there were fewer peasants to work, they could demand higher
wages, they could even move up classes. The serf system was collapsing from all the deaths. Nobody could stop serfs from up and leaving. As
independence spread, so did law breaking. People would enter the dead's homes and steal or stay in the house. Criminals would rape, steal, and kill on
the streets and nobody would stop them. These felons would justify their actions by claiming it was the end of the world or that nobody cared.
There were very little respect for the dead. The few left to bury the dead dumped the bodies in mass graves, in the rivers, and burned them in great
piles. Proper burial rites could not be done for hundreds at a time. Most graves were more like lasagnas since people and dirt were just layered. Rivers
were clogged with the dead and there were huge piles of ashes. What was the point in burying each body individually? It was hard enough as it was to
get enough space to make mass
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Bubonic Plague
During 1348– 1349, a devastating sickness swept over all of Western Europe that wiped out about half of the population. The Black Death, also
known as The Plague and the Bubonic Plague, killed thousands over the span of two summers. The Black Death was caused by the bacteria Y. Pestis,
which normally lives dormant in a flea's stomach. However, when a flea bites a rat, the rat becomes infected, which eventually leads to a human being
infected. Since rats had a high abundance in 1348–1349, the disease was very easily spread to humans, where it then became airborne (pneumonic),
bubonic, or spread throughout the blood, also known as systemic. (The Black Death).
The hard hit of The Black Death led to a decrease in available workers. Many of the workers had died due to The Plague, so employers were struggling
to find workers for their land and shops. The laborer shortages forced employers to improve their working conditions and increase their pay wages,
which was an extensive plus for the serfs. Those who were originally tied to one employer or piece of land could then choose who to work for or
where to work. This was a...show more content...
Many people of the Catholic religion believed that God could stop the spread of the disease, or even heal their loved ones. However, when The
Plague continued to wreak havoc across Europe, many people turned against their religion. There was also a large decrease of priests that had died
due to The Plague, so the amount of churches in many areas simply ceased. The Plague also caused a decline in the Jewish population, however, the
disease itself wasn't what hurt them. Because Jewish prejudice was already so high, the Jews were looked at as scapegoats. Much of the population
accused the Jews of poisoning the water wells, making them responsible for The Plague. Although this reasoning is highly unlikely, much of the Jewish
population fled to Poland and Russia to get away from the

Essay On The Bubonic Plague
The Bubonic Plague in England
The Bubonic Plague, often called the Black Death, is the name given to a deadly plague that was spreading during the Fourteenth Century. The
plague spread through China, Europe, as well as western parts of Asia. It got its name from the painful swellings in lymph nodes, called buboes,
which appeared on those infected with the plague. There was no cure for the disease, only treatments for the symptoms. This allowed for a rapid,
massive spread of the disease. The plague reduced the world's population from an estimated 450 million to about 350–375 million. The Bubonic Plague
is most commonly known for its medical affects and the number of deaths it caused. However, it also had a huge impact, both positive and negative,
on the economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of life. The Bubonic Plague is a bacteria–born disease. Yersinia pestis is a bacteria that was
carried in the blood of rats. Parasitic...show more content...
pestis would use the bloodstream to seek out lymph nodes. Plague favors lymph nodes in the groin, under arms, neck, or behind the ears. As bacteria
reproduce in the lymph nodes, the organs swell into buboes (Cunningham). The buboes were red at first, but would later turn into a dark purple color
or even black. This is why it is sometimes also called "The Black Death". The infected person may also experience headaches, fever, chills, vomiting,
pain, and extreme exhaustion. Victims would die in roughly two to six days after becoming infected. The plague was able to spread to many
different countries and continents via immigration, trade routes, and war. When the plague erupted in England, they were in the midst of the Hundred
Years War with France. The plague erupted during this war, which provided perfect conditions for the disease to spread. There was a large number of
people centralized in a particular area, making it easy for the passing of the plague from one infected person to

Analysis Of The Bubonic Plague
Due to the sparse amount of medical knowledge on the Bubonic plague, the plague easily reaped many European lives. The people at the time had "no
defense against the disease and no understanding of how it spread", allowing the plague to cause enormous panic and death. Once infected with the
plague, the expected life expectancy was 1–2 days. "Another even more virulent form attacked the respiratory system and was spread by breathing the
exhaled air of a victim", the plague was even exchanged through breathing, showing how overwhelmingly easy it was for the plague to spread and
infect. "No human wisdom or foresight seemed to have any value" in stopping the devastating plague, not even the advice of their physicians, or their
medicine at the time

The Significance Of The Bubonic Plague
Plagues are basically diseases that meant to kill all humans that came in contact with. Talking about famous plagues, it reminds me of the black plague
also called the bubonic plague in the 1300s that took the lives of millions in Europe, the great plague of London that was caused by some kind of rat
infestation infecting the food and the plague in China's Yunnan province that also spread to India also killing millions of people. I am not sure what
other plagues I have missed as I may not have heard about them. Several research questions that capture the most interests in my topic are as follows
(according to table 1.1):
Sense–Making:
1. How did the famous plague "Black Death" spread and how did it end?
2. What might explain the disappearance in the plague in the 21st century and why might it be replaced with the emergence of cancer and HIV/AIDS.
Hypothesis–Testing:...show more content...
Is there evidence that HIV/AIDS and cancer are forms of plague (according to mortality rates)?
2. Is my assumption about being carriers likely is the carriers of the "Black Death" Plague true or not?
3. Is it true that the black plague bacterium Yersinia Pestis even after so many years is still thriving in some animal carriers today like wild dogs,
rodents, etc.?
Relationship–Analyzing:
1. What is the connection between HIV/AIDS and the plagues that took millions of lives in the past?
2. Was there any connection between the increasing small rodent population and the rising number of "Black Plague" plague deaths at the same time?
3. Does the plague bacterium Yersinia Pestis cause flea infestation in rodents (carrier)?
4. Is the Black Plague bacterium different from the other vector disease causing

Bubonic Plague Outline
I. Introduction:
A. Attention Getter: During the 14th century, the Bubonic Plague was one of the most catastrophic events that changed all of Europe and Asia as it
wiped out millions of people. The Black Death affected the entire world and caused fear in people for several of years.
B. Thesis: Starting with what the plague is, to the effects, and the treatments, the Plague was the most devastating pandemics in human history.
II. What the bubonic Plague is:
A. Description 1. The bubonic plague is a highly infectious disease that attacks the lungs and lymph nodes ("Bubonic"). 2. Another name for the
bubonic plague is called the Black Death because of one of the symptoms humans receive ("Bubonic"). 3. The plague is caused by a bacterium...show
more content...
The effects on the economy 1. With the plague killing millions of people it made a huge impact on the countries it hit (Kastenbaum). 2. Because of the
Plague it impacted society by feudalism, population decline, and the reconstruction of deserted towns (Kastenbaum). 3. In addition to the population
decreasing, the world also suffered several misfortunes in labor, art, culture, and the economy (Brigham).
IV. Treatment:
A. Treatments back than 1. In the 14th century, the treatments included bathing in urine, having a dead animal in the house, and drinking concoctions
of molten gold and crushed emeralds (Scogna). 2. By the 15th century, ships were required to anchor offshore for 40 days before people could leave
(Benedictow). 3. One other treatment that they used in the past and still used today is immediately isolating the sick from the healthy ("Bubonic").
B. Modern day treatments 1. Today scientists and doctors have come up with immunizations and antibiotics to control the plague (Cantor). 2. The most
popular treatment is the process of quarantine which is staying away from rats, fleas, and infected people (Benedictow). 3. Another major factor was
trying to keep the air clean because over time the plague became airborne passing from person to person

Bubonic Plague Paragraph
Avery Whitbeck
Hour 7
2.11.17
R&J Research Paragraph
Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague has existed for thousands of years and causes horrific symptoms. According to "Bubonic Plague" by Kathleen
Scogna, the first documented outbreak was in 430 BC which hit Athens, Greece, while the second and most famous outbreak was in London in 1346
killing one–third of the population of Europe. The Bubonic Plague swept across the rest of the world with new epidemics from the fourteenth to the
seventeenth centuries then died down and yet there are still small outbreaks in less developed countries. In the article "Bubonic Plague" by The Gale
Encyclopedia of Science, the writer states the bacteria formerly known as Yersinia Pestis enters the bloodstream and travels to various organs including
the brain. There are two forms of the plague, the first form called the Bubonic form, is where the infected lymph nodes drain through the area where
the flea...show more content...
The other form is the Pneumonic form where the bacteria infect the lungs which is highly contagious and can kill in the matter of 2 days. Some
symptoms include fever, congestion of eye vessels, seizures, headaches, and severe swelling of the lymph nodes. Towards the end of the nineteenth
century a few scientists made findings that made it easier to control the plague. A man named Robert Koch figured out that the bacteria lives in the
bloodstream of a rat then, in the stomach of a flea and is transferred when a flea bites a rat and then bites a human (Scogna). Considering the Plague
existed in Shakespearean times, obviously Shakespeare used it in his writing.
The Bubonic Plague has had a major effect on "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet", it could be said that the Bubonic Plague caused the death of
Romeo, Juliet. In Act V, Friar John states, "Here in this city visiting the sick,

Bubonic Plague Essay
75 to 200 million people died from the Bubonic Plague it was estimated about 23 of the European population died. Bubonic Plague hurts the Immune
system by attacking an invading it. The only way to stop the Bubonic plague is by antibiotics and prescription drugs that destroy the virus. If not treated
it will enter the bloodstream and attacks the lungs. Which could give the body Pneumonic plague which is deadly and the Pneumonic plague will give
people hepatitis which will give the body fatigue and muscle weakness. The cells in the body system fights off bad pathogens. It keeps the body from
getting infected with viruses and diseases like the flu. The Bubonic plague entered the Immune System by changing it form to disguise itself so it will
let it in when it is in the Immune System. It attacks by shutting it down and kills cells inside. So the body cannot fight it off. Then it enters the
bloodstream and without the immune system it cannot be stopped because the immune system fights off the virus. And without it fighting off viruses
the body is prone to any diseases and viruses like the t cell which keeps the flu virus away from the body. And the Bubonic plague kills the t cell
which now it is prone to the flu. And it also attacks the b cell which makes antibodies which helps the body become healthier and safer....show more
content...
"The key enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts like a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.(John72)" The
key enzyme is what holds it together but the is other parts that make the Bubonic plague so deadly. The function of it is it enters the body from the
nostrils or mouth because it is an airborne disease that attacks your Immune system and could potentially kill people very

Bubonic Plague Research Papers
The Black Plague, also known as the Bubonic Plague, is a severe pandemic that came from fleas, scientifically known as yersinia pestis, and rats. The
disease started in China and spread 5 kilometers per day to Europe in 1347 killing two–thirds of the population within five years. Many people got
acral necrosis, or a striking black discoloration of the skin black tongues, open wounds, black boils on the skin and a horrible odor, which eventually
caused them to die within just a few days. This disease caused people to carry herbs around their necks to prevent the nasty smell, peasants even
asked for more pay, and biological warfare begun. There is no cure for the black plague and many people blamed the Jewish people and Lepers and
began persecution

Effects Of The Bubonic Plague
The Black Death was one of the most shocking epidemics in human history. Caused by a single flea weighing 1.08 mg, carrying Yersinia pestis, a
bacterium that would is responsible for the plague (Lee, 2017). The bubonic plague of 1347–1350, killed up to 1/3 of the population throughout
Europe and turned its social structure into a tailspin.
Significant modifications in population have severe outcomes on social structure. When the plague rolled into Europe, it was not bias on who it would
infect. It attacked the weak, strong, rich, and poor, men, women, and children of all ages and Europe saw a dramatic drop in population which caused
turmoil within the economy for those that survived. Large plantations were left without successors and

The Plague
The Black Death
"The Black Death" is known as the worst natural disaster in European history. The plague spread throughout Europe from 1346–1352. Those who
survived lived in constant fear of the plague's return and it did not disappear until the 1600s. Not only were the effects devastating at the time of
infection, but during the aftermath as well. "The Black Death" of the fourteenth century dramatically altered Europe's social and economic structure.
The plague was spread by fleas, which were not effected by the disease. Fleas first infected the rats, which lived off garbage and sewage. The rats then
spread the infection to the humans. Rats were a common sight in the cities, due to the poor sanitary conditions, so no one...show more content...
"The Black Death" alone was not the only factor that was responsible for the social and economic change although it was the most important (Ziegler
234). Even without "The Black Death" continued deterioration in Europe would have been likely. The social and economic change had already set in
well before 1346. For at least twenty–five years before "The Black Death," exports, agricultural production, and the area of cultivated land had all been
shrinking. "The Black Death" contributed a large part to all of this destruction and led to important changes in the social and economic structure of the
country (Ziegler 234–235). The plague touched every aspect of social life (Herlihy 19). There was hardly a generation that was not affected by the
plague (www.jefferson.village.virginia.edu). Families were set against each other– the well rejecting the sick (www.byu.edu). Families left each other
in fear. Many people died without anyone looking after them. When the plague appeared in a house, frightened people abandoned the house and fled to
another (www.jefferson.village.virginia.edu). Due to this, the plague spread more rapidly because people were not aware that being in the same house
with the infected person had already exposed them to it. Physicians could not be found because they had also died. Physicians who could be found
wanted large sums of money before they entered the house (www.jefferson.village.virginia.edu). When the

Bubonic Plague Symptoms
In 1346–53 Europe was ruined by a plague people were dying every day 10000 to be exact. Some of the symptoms of the1 of 3 different types of
black plague. And the first one is bubonic plague the first symptoms would be sudden onset fever it is the first of many symptoms to come. The
second symptom would be headache it is kind of like the fever but its head pounding headache. The third symptoms of the bubonic plague are fatigue
and malaise this is where you are tired and uneasiness that is a sign of this horrible disease. And the final symptoms is muscle aches it is where you
experience aches like a headache but instead of having a ache in your head you have ache in any part of the body.
Now the European empire could have stopped it from

When Bubonic Plague visited England in 1348, it was called the Great Mortality. We know it as the Black Death that lasted until 1352 and killed vast
populations in Asia , North Africa , Europe , Iceland , and Greenland . In total, it extinguished as much as fifty percent of the world's population.
In England , bubonic plague on average killed at least one–third of all inhabitants between 1348 and 1349. In London alone, one out of two people died
during the visitation. The bottom line is that every English man, woman, and child at the time encountered plague in some way, and all feared it.
After 1352, the plague became endemic in England , flaring up routinely and then yearly from 1485 to 1670. Within those two centuries, the plague
...show more content...
Most major European centers felt the impact of the Black Death. It reached Sicily in 1346, Italy in early 1347, and towards the end of 1347 was in
Marseilles , France . In 1348 it attacked Spain and spread throughout Germany and France . It arrived in London early in the same year and by 1349
was in Oxford and spread throughout England where it was present until 1359. Scotland was affected rather later. 2
"In any given period, the plague accomplished its work in three to six months and then faded from view. The plague came and went like a tornado ––
its appearance and movement was totally unpredictable. In northern cities, the plague lay dormant in winter and then reappeared the following
spring. In 1349, the plague reappeared at Paris and eventually spread to Holland , Scotland and Ireland . In Norway , a ghost shipped drifted offshore
for months before it ran aground with its cargo of death. By the end of 1349, Sweden , Denmark , Prussia , Iceland and Greenland felt the full effects
of the plague. The plague left nearly as quickly as it had appeared. By mid–1350, the plague had completed its deed across the continent of Europe ". 3
The mortality rate of the Black Death was horrendous. It is estimated in various parts of Europe at two–thirds to three–quarters of the population. In
England it was even higher during the first wave. Some countries were less seriously affected. Shrewsbury, the author of 'History of Bubonic Plague in

The Bubonic Plague Essay
The Bubonic Plague
Introduction
Plague, was a term that was applied in the Middle Ages to all fatal epidemic diseases, but now it is only applied to an acute, infectious, contagious
disease of rodents and humans, caused by a short, thin, gram–negative bacillus. In humans, plague occurs in three forms: bubonic plague, pneumonic
plague, and septicemic plague. The best known form is the bubonic plague and it is named after buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, which are
characteristics of the plague in the groin or neck or armpit. Bubonic plague can only be transmitted by the bite of any of numerous insects that are
normally parasitic on rodents and that seek new hosts when the original host dies. If the plague is left untreated...show more content...
Symptoms and Causes
The first symptoms of the bubonic plague are headache, vomiting, nausea, aching joints and a feeling of ill health. The lymph nodes of the groin or
of the armpit or neck suddenly start to become swollen and painful. The pulse and respiration rate of a bubonic plague victim is increased, and the
victim will become listless and exhausted. The buboes will swell until they are approximately the size of a chicken egg. If a case is nonfatal than the
temperature will begin to fall in about five days, and approaches normal in about two weeks, but in fatal cases death will probably occur within four
days.
Yersinia Pestis, an infectious agent is the cause of the Bubonic Plague. Yersina Pestis is a bacteria, which means the cells lack the internal
organization of eukaryotic cells. These bacteria cells would contain the membrane but they would not be able to subdivide the inside of the cell. These
bacteria cells do not have a nucleus so instead they have a nucleiod that contains genetic material. The two types of bacteria cells are gram–negative
and gram–positive. Yersina Pestis is gram negative and that means that antibiotics are less effective on the plague because of a lipopolysaccharide
layer over their walls that adds extra protection.
Lymphatic System
The bubonic plague has a major impact on the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid

Bubonic Plague Case Study
1.Disease
The Bubonic Plague or 'Black Death' is a potentially fatal disease that spread rapidly and most famously, throughout Europe during the Middle Ages.
The disease is spread by the Bacterium, Yersinia pestis, and has caused widespread death.
2.Causes
Millions of people across the European continent contracted the disease from flea bites, which derived from infected rodents and small animals that
had passed the bacterium onto fleas. (A.D.A.M, 2015). It has been established that the Bubonic plague is rarely spread from person to person so the
main mode of transmission was through infected rat fleas, and was given to humans through flea bites. However, the disease was sometimes passed
onto humans through contact with infected rodents...show more content...
However, with the work of modern medicine, antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin and doxycycline have been developed to treat the plague.
However, if treatment is not received within 24 hours of contracting symptoms, death can result. (NLM, 2013) With the development of antibiotics to
treat the plague, treatment reduces your chances of mortality to 15%, but without treatment the prognosis for a person infected with the bubonic plague
has a 50% to 90% death rate. Furthermore, if left untreated, the bubonic plague can either multiply in the bloodstream, causing septicaemic plague, or
progress to the lungs, causing pneumonic plague, both of which have a higher mortality rate, even with antibiotic treatment. However, several
preventive measures can be taken to limit your risk of contracting the disease, active immunization with a vaccine of killed bacteria offers protection
against the bubonic plague. This particular vaccine is administered in three doses, with the first two 1 – 3 months apart, and dose three administered 5 –
6 months after the second vaccine. However, booster shots are required every 6 months in high risk areas, such as western USA. (UCLA,

Bubonic Plague Papers
In this paper I will be talking about the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague is a plague known by many because of its extremely large death toll. I
will be talking about many points or ideas in this paper which include the origin, how it spreads, what people who are infected feel and look like, etc.
First, I will be talking about the origin of the Bubonic Plague.
The Bubonic Plague peaked between 1348 and 1350 in Europe. People also called the Bubonic Plague "Black Death". The plague is thought to be
caused by a bacterium called Yersinia Pestis. The Bubonic Plague was spread to Crimea in 1346 most likely by fleas on rats that traveled there on
merchant ships. The Bubonic Plague is responsible for the death of about one–third of Europe's population in the 1300s. It also killed approximately 12
million people in China in the mid–1800s....show more content...
The lymph or lymphatic system is a major component of your body's immune system. Then finally your lymph system becomes inflamed. Most of
the time the Bubonic Plague is spread by a bite from an infected rodent or flea. It is very rare but it can also be spread from person to person contact.
Another way it can be spread is from a piece of clothing that is contaminated or other material used by a person that has the plague. The bacteria enters
the body through an opening in the skin.
People that get the Bubonic Plague feel like they just have the flu. They have similar symptoms to the flu which include fever, headache, chills, and
weakness. There is also another symptom that is not like the flu. This symptom is swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. The buboes that you
get are usually about the size of chicken eggs. The buboes that you get are commonly located in the groin, armpit, and/or the neck area. They are also
usually tender and warm to the

Bubonic Plague: A Genetic Analysis
Genetic drift is essentially a process in which the frequency of alleles change randomly due to sampling error between generations. It can lead to
major changes in a population over a short period of time and can also lead to a fixation of alleles in that population, increasing homozygosity.
Heterozygote advantage is the potential advantage that could arise out of having a single allele of a gene, even if that gene is "bad". With a
heterozygote advantage, heterozygote carriers of a certain disease will be more likely to survive than with people without the disease allele. Since it
helps survival, the gene spreads more throughout the population, which is why genetic diseases are occurring more often. Hemochromatosis is most
common genetic variant in people of the Western European descent because of the bubonic plague....show more content...
Macrophages is a type of white blood cell that hemochromatosis does not tend to distribute any iron to which causes the cells to lack iron, providing an
advantage to those during the bubonic plague. This directly relates to heterozygote advantage––because Europeans survived carried this mutation,
natural selection caused the gene to spread throughout the population, which is why it is common among them. Similarly, with cystic fibrosis,
heterozygote advantage played an important role here as well, as carriers of this mutation helped protect people from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis caused
of 20% of European deaths between the 1600's–1900's, which is why this gene spread among the European population over the years. With both these
genetic mutations that provided some form of protection from the plague and tuberculosis, genetic drift also has a chance to increase frequency of
alleles and homozygosity, which helps explain why more people would carry two alleles over the years, thus making the diseases apparent and
ultimately

Bubonic Plague Dbq Essay
Europe was hit with the Bubonic Plague, also known as The Black Death, in 1347 devastating the European Society. The Bubonic Plague was hard to
get away from due to the conditions in Europe and took many lives. The Bubonic Plague also influenced religion and started changing the normal
European society into a new one.
The Bubonic Plague came to Europe in 1347. It was brought on ships with goods from Asia. The disease followed on trade routes as it swept
through Europe. The manure and trash in Europe helped the disease spread and hard to get away from since the disease was carried by rats. The
plague began with swellings as big as apples. The swellings spread as the body started to be covered in dark spots and sickness set in (document

http://ponderosa–pine.uoregon.edu/students/Janis/menu.html
Abstract
Bubonic plague has had a major impact on the history of the world. Caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis, and transmitted by fleas often found on
rats, bubonic plague has killed over 50 million people over the centuries. Burrowing rodent populations across the world keep the disease present in the
world today. Outbreaks, though often small, still occur in many places. The use of antibiotics and increased scientific knowledge first gained in the
1890s have reduced the destruction of plague outbreaks. In Medieval times, with the unknowing help of humans, bubonic plague exploded into a
pandemic. Known as the ВіBlack DeathВІ, it decimated Europe in 1350, killing 1/3 of the...show more content...
However, with certain environmental conditions plague reaches an epizootic scale (affecting many animals in any region at the same time). It is after a
significant amount of the rodent (usually rats) population dies out, that hungry, infected fleas seek other sources of blood, increasing the risk to
humans and other animals. the incubation period of bubonic plague is 2 to 6 days after exposure. Between disease outbreaks, the plague bacterium
exists among certain burrowing rodent populations without causing much illness. These animals act as long–term reservoirs of infection.
What happens (biologically) to people who get the disease and why?
Once the bacterium, Yersiniapestis, enters the bloodstream, it travels to the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and brain. The incubation period is commonly
2 to 6 days after exposure. Early symptoms include:
–shivering
–vomiting
–headache
–giddiness
–intolerance to light
–pain in the back and limbs
–white coating on tongue
Eventually, pain occurs in the groin, armpit, and neck (all the areas that contain lymph nodes). Later, there is painful swelling of the lymph nodes
called "boboes", hard lumps that begin to appear on the inner thigh, neck, and armpit. Blood vessels then break, causing internal bleeding.
Soon, dried blood under the skin begins to turn black. Yersinia pestis, in autopsies, has been found in the periodical sac, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and
bone marrow. If untreated, plague

The Bubonic Plague

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The Bubonic Plague