Health Wellbeing Social Policy Essay

Health Wellbeing Social Policy Essay
HEALTH, WELLBEING SOCIAL POLICY By [Name of Student] [Name of Instructor] [University] [Course] [Date] Health, Wellbeing Social Policy
Introduction Citizens, businesses and interest groups alike continue to be concerned about poverty and related factors that deal with health and finance.
However, human rights and availability are concepts that aren't not taken seriously enough, in view of certain perspectives. Health inequalities refer to
the differences in the quality of the healthcare services across the different populations. Health disparity results due to difference in several factors,
which are beyond the rich of human influence. Disparity refers to some kind of social injustice that happens with respect to the health services amongst
the different individuals in the given society (Kawachi, Subramanian, & Almeida–Filho, 2002). Initially, health policies are developed to address the
specific to efficiently provide and receive service without any detrimental fabrications or alterations that lead to human related neglect concretely
initiate health efforts to quickly prevent disease and further sickness, while not allowing services to be secretly held from the public that is in need,
due to becoming poverty stricken or possibly trapped. What role does social policy play in reducing health inequalities? According to the believers of
the WHO, the goal is to achieve equal opportunity efforts for future groups that continue to be exposed to suffering (i.e.
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Contemporary Issues In Social Policy
Contemporary Issues in Social Policy
By Nazia Howell
October 2017
Social policy refers to the policies used by government for welfare and social protection (Spicker, P.) that are usually made by central Government and
implemented by local authorities to tackle current social issues such as poverty and racism. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have now devolved
and have their own laws and legislations on several issues.
This essay will explore three contemporary issues in relation to social policy, whilst supporting these issues with legislation and economic context for
each issue.
The three issues that will be explored are: Welfare, Health and Pensions. Defining social policy, and understanding social policy becomes imperative, to
enable understanding of the contemporary issues within it.
Social policy was introduced in the early 19th Century, post war. At this time,William Beveridge introduced the idea of a Welfare State to address
poverty. He released a report for social reform known as the 'five giants' within society: squalor, disease, ignorance, idleness and want. The welfare
state brought many positive improvements in Britain and Government passed reforms to address the poverty levels, introducing "cradle to grave
"support. The National Health Service was set up which gave free health care to all and laws and Acts were put in place to help the young, the old,
the sick the unemployed and the working class in times of need. The five issues raised by Beveridge

The Theory And Practice Of Social Planning Essay
Introduction Social planning is limited by the top–down and trickle down approaches that proliferate and impact on social concerns. Neoliberal
ideologues and theories primarily based on the economy have impacted on the social investment context of social planning and development. In this
essay, a brief explanation of social planning and its function in relation to top–down and bottom–up change is discussed and evaluated. Further, the
duality between theory and practice of social planning is presented. The social learning and communicative model for planning and its relation to power
imbalances are discussed. Neoliberal economic agendas and coercive social reform mechanisms are evaluated. Needs and impact assessment tools are
discussed. Finally, the inclusive economic and social system that compliments environmental protection is presented as the solution to social planning's
limitations. When social planning is able to consider the three dimensions of inclusive growth, such as social development, economic development, and
environmental protection; it can foster equitable processes that create sustainable development. Response Social planning is defined as a complex
process regarding community issues and community development by the people and/or institutions invested. The contemporary aim of social planners
is to facilitate the planning process appropriately and justly to ultimately seek justice for all. Ideally, the community needs are met by collaborative
/facilitated

Social Factors Of Public Policies Essay
Social Factors Student's Name Institution Affiliation Introduction Social problems are highly caused by the improper administration of laws,
distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in a society. Justice is at the heart of many legal, political, religious and philosophical
arguments. Social factors affect all persons, irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, possessions, race and religion to be treated equally and without
prejudice. Public policies are expected to solve problems efficiently and effectively, serve justice, support governmental institutions and policies and
encourage active citizenship. However, public policies at both the local state and national level may contribute to social problems. Some of these
rules impose restrictions on the freedom needed by individuals hence limiting the aspect of fairness and equality in the society. Moving towards the
right direction and building a stable complete functional community in the world will be noted only if the negative aspects in the society are done
away with as soon as possible. This paper is a discussion on several aspects in the society; inequality, gender, race and ethnicity, work and economy,
marriage and family. Part I: Inequality. The social disparity has negative effects especially to those affected by this unfortunate element in the society.
Equality in the society is an important factor, as it brings feelings of appreciation and a sense of belonging, which is required by all

The ideas, social democracy and conservatism have impacted social policy to support the citizens within New Zealand. They contrast in ways, which
they are based upon. Social democracy bases their ideas in state intervention to support the welfare creating egalitarianism. Whereas conservatism base
their ideas by providing minimal state intervention, where tradition social institutions are conserved and natural authority is established. Both ideas
support individuals by providing a good vision; this is achieved through the state implementing policies.
Social Democracy.
Since the early nineteenth century the reformist of social democracy has hugely affected the development of social policy. Basing its principles on the
two theories, socialism and liberalism it has influenced social democracy. The state is a key instrument that constructs social change, social democracy
protects individual liberty and believes in state intervention to better the welfare and equality among the public. Altogether social democracy is a theory
used by social democrats to transform from capitalism to a welfare state, extending the rights and freedom for citizens. Social democrats accept the
confined role of markets, and the economic system. Social democracy is achieved through parliament distributing goods and implementing policies that
support the welfare promoting egalitarianism, such as taxing the wealthy to redistribute wealth.
In terms of social democracy the role of the state has changed

Social Policy The Oxford dictionary defined SP as 'settled course of action followed and adopted by the government or a political party'. The word
policy refers to the particular course of action followed because it happens to be useful for the time being whereas social refers to anything that got to
do with the society and its betterment. SP can be defined as a series of public policies designed to promote social development, undertaken by a variety
of actors through a range of instruments. Social policy has both intrinsic and instrumental value; intrinsic in terms of creating equality of opportunity,
and instrumental in terms of strengthening the legitimacy of public institutions and social integration. According to Levin (1997): SP...show more
content...
A left leaning politics will mean more socialist while a right wing will be more oriented towards economic growth. Govt used social policy to
strengthen, support and execute their adopted ideology 4. Social Reforms taking place in the country also influences social policies. Reform leads
to legislation which leads to policy. Most social reform aims to change the society for better, and the betterment of the society is wanted by the
govt, which means it led to social legislation. 5. National Plan: In india, it is through the Five Year Plan that the govt announce the social policies
objectives. Process of Social Policy Formulation: 1. Identifying problems and opportunities 2. Defining and prioritizing issues 3. Placing issues on
the public agenda 4. Defining goals and objectives and identifying alternative approaches 5. Evaluating alternative approaches 6. Selecting
alternatives 7. Implementing selected alternatives; and 8. Evaluating programmes Models of Social Policy: 1. Residual Welfare Model of Social
Policy: The Residual welfare concept is based on the premise that an individual needs are best met through the family and the market economy. It has
in inherent mistrust in government, and sees welfare as a charity or privilege and not a right. Eg. A day–care centre is set–up because 'certain parents
are not yet properly trained or incapable of taking care of their children as should be the norm, so a policy is formulated until those

Social Policy For Social Change Essay
In this 2000–word analysis I will explain the social policy selected in mahi Tuatahi, konae 2, Te Tautika (social justice: social change). I will use
Pohatu's, 2010 Te Ara Tohu and my learning from assignment one to provide an analysis of the social policy our group selected. The analysis will
discuss the implications of my chosen social policy for social work practice and give an understanding of tautika to assist in my analysis.
Donna, Renee and myself teamed up, having an interest in women's refuge and the domestic violence act, we displayed an awareness of the subject but
lacked knowledge of the policy. Through group discussion and many hours of rangahau, the search for the women's refuge policy and the domestic
violence policy came to an end. There was a realization that the domestic violence policy did not exist. New research, veered us away from
women's refuge and into a new direction. Policies were everywhere we looked. After broadening our search from domestic violence to family
violence, we struck the jackpot! Group Collaboration ended with our final decision making. We would tear apart, this overarching policy from top to
bottom. We wanted/needed to know everything. Our knowing was a must, the dread of presenting to a women's refuge advocate and failing was not an
option. We had plenty of reading and researching to do over the next three weeks.
The social policy we chose is the New Zealand Police family violence policy (FVP)1996. This policy is

The Construction Of A Social Policy
A Social policy entails the provision of social services in a state, that can be categorized into the broad dimensions of society and politics, the
construction of a social policy is concerned with the issues faced in the provision and administration of the essentialities of a society (Spicker). A
rather varying category of factors fall under the study of a social policy; these factors such as literacy, health, employment and crime comprise of
perhaps the most major implications on the wellbeing of a society's members, therefore it can also be said that the social policy is the study of the
systems of a society that constitute its members wellbeing (Reisch). Socialism refers to political and economic theory of social organization where the
factors of production and capital is owned by the community as a whole which is the reverse of liberalism which promotes private ownership and
depends highly on the efficiency of the market forces. Where liberalism focuses on private benefit and individualism, socialism is inclined towards
societal growth and common interest hence, promoting standard educational, health and housing facilities to the entire society to reduce class
difference. Socialism is sometimes used synonymously with communism, however, socialism, although similar in demanding rights for the working
class, differs in its formation and implications. It grew mainly through the formation of groups both communal and occupational, which demanded
more rights and greater

Social Policy Essay
Examine the way in which laws and social policies affect family life
From the 19th Century onwards the government have introduced different social policies in attempt to shape family life in Britain, to make it better for
all family members, rather than only focusing on the traditional patriarchal Nuclear family.
In 1963 the equal Pay Act was introduced, meaning that pay based on sex was abolished and men and women became more equal. This social policy
created a higher standard of living as both partners would become wage earners, meaning the family was financially better off and could afford to
meet all of the family's basic needs and requirements. Women became more powerful and gained more authority due to this social policy, and...show
more content...
However, the New Right thinks that it "mollycoddles" children and overprotects them, as our society today is "obsessed with childhood". The New
right argue that children should be disciplined which can be done by putting them into the army through National service. This links in with the idea
that the New right think smacking children is ok, as it disciplines them. Mandatory Schooling for children was introduced from 1870 onwards, making
it law that children stayed in education until a specific age. In today's society children must stay in education until age 18. All political groups agree
with compulsory schooling, as it disciplines children at a young age, and educates them to be successful later in life.
In today's society new social policies have been introduced such as the NHS (National Health Service, education and housing. Functionalists argue
that the introduction of health, education and housing policies has gradually led to the development of a welfare state that then supports the family,
so that the family can perform its functions better with the help of society. The existence of the NHS means that with the help of doctors, nurses,
hospitals and medicines the family today is better able to take care of its family members, and enables people to live for longer. The march of progress
has a similar view, as they see social policies as

Social Policy In Health And Social Care Essay
This essay will display knowledge of a range of social issues and appreciate the impact of social policy on the development of health and social
care services. Social Policy is an area which is complex and there are various dimensions to defining this term. It is the stance taken on a decision
and a framework for future decisions. This is a process involving both the making and its implementation which intends to improve the welfare of
citizens. Social Policy involves the study of the social rights of citizens and the study of the roles of both central and local government. Alcock
(2003) looks at social policy as 'social action' which is aimed at the promotion of 'well–being'. Titmuss (1947) says social policy relates to the analysis
and description of policy formulation and its consequences and the study of social needs and access to services.
Social Policy is important in health and social care because acts as guidance for social care professionals such physiologists and it also creates the
foundation for all policies and procedures. All interventions must be informed by law, hence the workers needs to understand the law. There are
various ways in which policy is created by governments. This will often depend on the type of government which exists. In Britain, the existence of a
democracy should mean that the public are able to influence policy....show more content...
Lee (1996) believes one main point was to "promote popular capitalism through the process of privatisation". Thatcher announced plans to bring about
privatisation and local government changes in order to decrease the state's involvement in economy. State–owned businesses such as British Gas and
British Airways were put back into private hands. Following this, she encouraged independence and encourage private education and health facilities.
Health and social care services including dental and optical faculties became private.

Essay on Social Policy Development
It was not until the time of Sigmund Freud that people looked at the psyches of an individual and how that could impact an individual's life. Before
that time, children were viewed as extra farm hands and generally as cheap labor. Families did not consider the possible negative impact this could have
on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of human development and expanded the thought processes that Freud had
pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories about human development. Freud
created the doorway by which all future developmental researchers were able to walk through to advance the study. While, experts have clearly not
agreed on...show more content...
Poverty is a generational issue, and most of the time mothers do not know how to care emotionally for their children. Poverty is one of the risk factors
that have additional consequences that accompany it. Poverty brings several things with it that increase the infant's exposure to physical, emotional,
and cognitive harm. Infants and children raised in poverty are less likely to receive basic medical treatment and simple untreated illnesses can have a
devastating lifelong effect. Families are more likely to live in substandard conditions that expose the youth to environmental risks such as contaminated
drinking water and lead. Underlying stressors associated with poverty are financial stressors and depression among the youth's caregiver. These issues
can lead to ignoring of the infant's emotional needs and the infant misses the opportunity to create a lifelong bond with another and trust in another
being able to meet their needs. Inadequate parenting can occur over a child's entire life span with different and yet still devastating results. As stated in
by Hutchinson in her book Dimensions of Human Behavior, Changing the Life Course (2008): The most pervasive response to inadequate care giving
is nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT). This diagnosis is used to describe infants, usually between the ages three to twelve months, who show poor
development, primarily in terms of weight

The Formation Of Social Policy
Aaminah Shabbir The Formation of Social Policy
In this essay, I will be discussing how Conservatism and Socialism ideologies shape social policy in the UK. I will also be arguing that despite the
United Kingdom being a democratic society, it is falling below democratic standards. At present, social media is one of the most powerful tools in
shaping people's perceptions on political ideologies, and therefore will be evaluating the extent it plays on policies as well as social conscience. The
United Kingdom has two main political parties, the Conservative party and the Labour party. Although the political system in the UK has always been
a multiparty system, ultimately it is either of these parties which shape policies in Britain. They have several differences on many key issues and
principles. On the political spectrum, the labour party belongs to the centre left of the centre with socialistic ideology whereas the Conservative party
sits at the centre–right of the political spectrum with their primary philosophies of British unionism, Euroscepticism, Conservatism and Economic
Liberalism. The Conservatism ideology stands firmly against the ideals of Liberalism and Socialism. The labour party (left wing) aim to support
people who are unable to support themselves and believe in equality. Conservative party (right wing) value equity, economic freedom and freedom to
succeed. Right wing people

1
Social policy, social welfare, and the welfare state
John Baldock
Contents
в– в– в–
Introduction Learning outcomes Social policy Deп¬Ѓning social policy in terms of types of expenditure Analysing social policy Social policy as
intentions and objectives Redistribution The management of risk Social inclusion Social policy as administrative and п¬Ѓnancial arrangements Social
policy as social administration Social policy as public п¬Ѓnance Social policy as outcomes Social welfare The welfare state Deп¬Ѓning the welfare
state Comparing types of welfare state The development of the welfare state A consequence of industrialization or of political competition?
Conclusion: Has the 'golden age' of the welfare state passed?
FURTHER READING USEFUL...show more content...
в—Џ ageing and social policy в—Џ children and social policy в—Џ crime and criminal justice policy в—Џ community care в—Џ comparative social
policy в—Џ disability and social policy в—Џ economics, economic issues, and social policy в—Џ education and social policy в—Џ environmental
issues and social policy в—Џ equal opportunity policies and their impacts в—Џ family and social policy в—Џ gender and social policy в—Џ
globalization/transnationalization/internationalization and social policy в—Џ health and healthcare services в—Џ history and development of social
policy in the UK в—Џ income maintenance and social security policy в—Џ local governance, local welfare institutions, and their policies в—Џ leisure
and social policy в—Џ Mixed economies of welfare (voluntary, private, and informal sectors) в—Џ organization, administration, and management in
welfare institutions в—Џ philosophy of welfare в—Џ poverty, social exclusion, and social policy в—Џ race, ethnicity, and social policy в—Џ science,
technology, and social policy в—Џ service user perspectives and user involvement in the social policy process в—Џ sexuality and social policy в—Џ
social care в—Џ social policy and the mass media в—Џ social policy and 'virtual society' в—Џ social research methods в—Џ supranational social
policy в—Џ transport and transport policy в—Џ welfare rights and social policy в—Џ work, employment, and

Welfare State: An Introduction to Social Policy
Free Essays – Social Policy Essays
Modern welfare state development is generally considered to lead to social security or benefits payments, social housing provision, health provision,
social work and educational services.
Together these services are known as the 'big five ' but these services tend to develop over time and have differed in quantity, availability and
quality. Provision and development can change due to social, economic and political factors (Spicker, 1995, p. 3). State provision of welfare has a
long history, in Britain for instance dating back to the Elizabethan Poor Laws and earlier. Welfare states started to develop when surveys of poverty by
people such as Charles Booth showed the inadequacy of welfare provisions...show more content...
There emerged new and radical liberalism that called for increased welfare provision and the emergence of limited welfare states. The British Liberal
governments of 1906–1914 epitomized that approach by introducing state old age pensions and labour exchanges for the unemployed (Comfort, 1993,
p. 347). In contrast Germany had already had a well–developed welfare state provision by 1900. Curiously Bismarck who wanted a healthy
well–educated population drew up this system (M Donald Hancock et al, 1998, p.295).
Two new liberals in the form of William Beveridge and John Maynard Keynes where the respective architects of the Atlee government 's
comprehensive welfare state and postwar interventionist economic policies or Keynesian (Bellamy from Eatwell and Wright, 2003, p. 33).
Beveridge had plenty of experience in welfare policy having being in charge of the labour exchanges and lecturing on economics at Oxford
University and the London School of Economics. Keynes had been an economics adviser to the British government and inspired the New Deal
programme in the USA (Crystal, 1998, pp. 105 & 523).
Marxism was developed by Karl Marx in conjunction with Fredrich Engels and led to a second keynote theory of developing the welfare state. Of
course Marx and Engels were not concerned with such issues as they wished to promote communism and work towards the working classes taking
over economic and political power from the capitalist classes. A Marxist

Social Policy Essay
1.1 Identify key historical landmarks in social welfare focusing on the period upto 1945.
During the period of 1900s to 1945s, there was various significant landmarks which focused on the social welfare of the people in the United Kingdom.
The Uk government launched various welfare programmes through the social welfare provision, financial abet or social security which refers to a
programme having the main objective is to provide a minimum level of the income to the people who don't have financial support, employment and
those who are elderly and disabled. Many researchers reveal that the rate of the poverty is high so the government had a responsibility towards the
moral obligation of the people and those projects were...show more content...
Social welfare refers to all the programme governed by the government for the provision of a minimum level of income ,service and other various
support to the people who are old, student, disabled, poor, unpaid workers– mothers & care givers and other minority groups.
The political ideology has four aspects: liberal, egalitarian, communitarian and meritocracy/ opportunity. Liberal liegalitarians was introduced for the
post–war social democracy Keynesian welfare state or old labour where as liberal meritocrats consist of new right and liberal conservatives. In the other
hand egalitarian communitarians holds old democratic socialists/ pre–war fabianism and radical communitarians and meritocratic communitarians.
These elements of a welfare system began to be established after the 19th century in some parts of the western Europe. The government programmes
were introduced to prevent or eliminate the hazards of the poverty or social deprivation.
Social democracy was built after 2nd world war which is most commonly associated with the expansion of ideas in order to provide support for the
welfare state of the people in the United Kingdom during the period of the post–war. With the combination of the welfare state services, democratic
political institutions and distributive tax system leaded to the con temporary social policies.

Essay on Social Policy
This essay will use the McPhail family case study. The essay will look at the Functionalism and Feminism theory in relation to the case study family
and show the effects of two sociological perspectives and there importance in assisting the social care worker to understand the family.
The essay will also look at social policy on how it is developed and he issues of private and public issues. This will include how four sectors of social
care will aid the case study family and how these organisations are funded.
In today's society, there are many different family structures and these structures are interpreted differently depending on the individual. There are five
main 'types' of family structures and these can change throughout the...show more content...
For example the males of the family are taught trades by their fathers and male relatives, and sent out to gain employment to provide for their family
but without the academic certification this proves to hinder their life chances.
The other of the sociological perspectives is Feminist Theory. For example the females of a traditional gypsy family are educated to be homemakers
and thus academic education is not an essential requirement and usually females leave school at fifteen/sixteen, marry young. This highlights that the
women of the travelling communities have less standing than men in their community as they are seen as only 'homemakers'. This does not allow
women to travel and experience other cultures and life situations such as living alone or sharing with non family. Lack of education also causes
limitations on working careers though this is not deemed acceptable but maybe essential for the family to survive. This also has a substantial affect on
the behaviour of the women in the travelling communities by asserting dominance of other women within their community. This has an effect on their
behaviour, experiences and life chances for both the males and females of the travelling community. Their behaviour is different dependent on their
gender, for example the males are more dominant over the females and the females are to follow strict rules on how to

Social Policy Essay
Unit 7 Social Policy
LO1
Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision
1.1 Outline significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social policy.
Social policy is the study of social services and the welfare state. In general terms, it looks at the idea of social welfare, and its relationship to politics
and society. More specifically, it also considers detailed issues in * policy and administration of social services, including policies for health, housing,
income maintenance, education and social work; * needs and issues affecting the users of services, including poverty, old age, health, disability, and
family policy; and * The delivery of welfare.
Social...show more content...
1965 – The Family Allowances Act, the National Insurance Act and the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act consolidated previous legislation.
1966 – The Social Security Act abolishes National Assistance and replaces it with Supplementary Benefits. The National Assistance Board becomes the
Supplementary Benefits Commission; and after means testing, non–contributory benefits and allowances are introduced.
1967 – The General Practice Finance Corporation is set up.
1970 – Local Authority Social Services Act leads to the setting up of social services departments within local authorities.
The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act extends the powers and duties of local authorities to help disabled people.
The National Insurance Act extends eligibility for widows' pensions; introduces non–contributory pensions and Attendance Allowance for disabled
people.
The Family Income Supplements Act provides for a new benefit for families with small incomes. The families are exempted from health service
charges and children are eligible for free school meals.
1973 – The Social Security Act introduces introduces earnings related contributions; annual reviews; and phases out the graduated pensions scheme.
1975 – Free family planning services are made available, from all NHS clinics to all people, irrespective of age and marital status.
1975 – The Child Benefit Act replaces family allowances with child benefits.

Essay on social policy
Assignment Front Sheet
Qualification
Unit Number and Title
Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care
Student Name
Unit 7: Social Policy
Assessor name:
Christine Pratt
Date of Issue
Completion date
27/01/2014
07/03/2014
Student No.
Submitted on

Assignment title
Learning
Outcome
Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1
Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1
Understand the origins of social policies
2.1
Analyse the processes involved in the development of a key Act of Parliament
2.2
evaluate different influences on the development of social policy, including ideologies analyse how...show more content...
Included are historical, conceptual, political, regional, national and other agents of social change. Their effect on welfare provision will be explored.
The unit may encompass a variety of health and social care sectors in the United Kingdom.
Analysis of welfare policy 'landmark' provision will enable learners to evaluate sufficiency and deficiency in provision. Tracing developments from the
period prior to
1945 to the present, learners will be able to compare and contrast major competing perspectives. Reviewing a selection of national models of
provision will allow for consideration of some alternative perceptions and deliveries of welfare services. Key contemporary issues for policy makers,
welfare recipients, providers and all stakeholders will be examined.
Task 1 (LO1: 1.2, 1.2, and M1,M2,M3,D2 )
Explore the historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision in the
UK and analyse how the quality of life for the service users have improved over time.
Critically examine the past and current social policies related to the health and
4
welfare needs of the population of United Kingdom during the period of political changes and transition during and after the World War 2.

Task 2 (LO2: 2.1, 2.2 and M1,M2,M3,D2 )
(a) Discuss the process involved in developing key Health and Social Policy legalisation. You need to critically analyse the influential factors which
shapes the key themes and concepts in a

Social Policy and Welfare System Essays
SOCIAL POLICY
Social Policy and the Welfare System
Leigh–Ann Hancock
Kaplan University
HN300–01 Human Services and Social Policy
Professor Lorena Lashway
May 1, 2012
Social Policy and the Welfare System Over one hundred years ago poverty–stricken Americans' means of assistance was met through families, local
communities, and charities, typically religious. Following industrialization in the 1870s, the nation's adult workforce was flooded by employers who
were dependent on a continuing flow of money income to provide for themselves and their families (Historical Development, 1997). Over time,
measures such as Mother's pension laws, were adopted in a number of states which gave cash allowances to households without a wage–earning...show
more content...
Social policy has impacted the success as well as the dissolution of many social service programs when policymakers have exercised their preference
for private sector social services, resulting in less funding for public agencies. Underfunded public agencies then must turn to cutting qualified staff,
and expecting existing staff to do more with less, utilizing less qualified and lower paid staff (American Social Welfare Policy, 2009). "Choices in social
welfare policy are heavily influenced by the dominant beliefs, values, ideologies, customs, and traditions of the cultural and political elites recruited
mainly from among the more powerful and privileged strata" (American Social Welfare Policy, 2009). Authors Charles Prigmore and Charles Atherton,
in their book, Social Welfare Policy: Analysis and Formulation, list no fewer than fifteen values that influence social welfare policy: achievement and
success, activity and work, public morality, humanitarian concern, equality, freedom, external conformity, science and secular rationality, nationalism
and patriotism, democracy and self–determination, racism and group superiority, and belief in progress (1979). One take on worthwhile social policy
is that it should, "leave no one worse off and at least one person better off, at least

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