2. RBC
Heart
Bone marrow
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
intestine
Structure involved Functions involved
(RBCs):Transport of hemoglobin, which in turn carries oxygen
from the lungs to the tissues In addition to CO2 transport.
(Heart):pumps blood to all parts of the body.
(Bone marrow):manufactures all blood cells except for
lymphocytes.
(Liver):
1. Site for many metabolic reactions
2. Store minerals and vitamins
(Spleen):
contribute to making red blood cells in the embryonic stage and
filters the blood from any old or damage blood cell
(Pancreas):
has a function in digestive system(produce important enzymes
include:trypsin, chymotrypsin , amylase and lipase ) and has a
function in endocrine system ( produce :
insulin, somatostatin, gastrin, and glucagon)
(Intestine):
Main function to absorbe nutrients from digested food and
excretion food wastes (faeces) out of body
1- RBC
2- Heart
3- Bone marrow
4- Liver
5- Spleen
6- Pancreas
7- intestine
3. Pathology & pathophysiology
1 - skin pigmentation & bronzed diabetes
2 - arthritis
3-hypothyroidism
4 - cirrhosis
5- disorder in shape & size & structure of RBC
6- disorders in production of RBC
7- heart failure
8-hemoptysis
9-stenosis
4. Epidemiology & risk factors
Diet: iron malnutrition
Gender: female
(pregnancy, lactation)
Age: adolescence
Region: Africa
Genetic: malabsorption
Hemorrhage
Symptoms and signs
-extreme fatigue
-weakness
-chest pain , fast heartbeat or shortness of
breath
-headache and lightheadedness
-poor appetite (especially in infants and
children )
-glossitis (inflammation or soreness in tongue)
-unusual craving for non-nutritive substances
(ice, dirt, starch)
-Plummer-Vinson syndrome (Dysphagia)
difficulty swallowing due to formation of
esophageal webs
-Restless legs syndrome
-Pale skin (sign)
-cold hands and feet (sign)
-Brittle nails (flaky) and Koiloychia (spoon-
shaped nails ) (sign)
-Angular cheilitis (inflammatory lesion at the
mouth’s corners) (sign) .
6. Treatment
- Taking Iron tablets
- Stopping the bleeding in the body such as
blood resulting from peptic ulcers, hiatal
hernia, colon cancer, etc.
- Diet : Diets that include the following
foods can help treat or prevent iron
deficiency:
red meat , dark green and leafy vegetables,
dried fruits , nuts .
- Taking Vitamin C
- Taking Vitamin B12
- Taking Folic acid
- Blood Transfusion in the most severe
cases
- If the intestines don't absorb iron well ,
the patient can take iron straight into the
bloodstream through an intravenous tube
(IV).
7. psychological & social impact
1-anxiety
2-depression
3-irritability
4-decrease in cognitive abilities (including poor concentration)
5-Insomnia and difficulty sleeping
Thank you
1-fatigue
2-constant exhaustion
3-insomnia and dif culty sleeping
4- eating strange foods such as mud and leaves apyschological
disorder called (pica)
5-mood swings
