Autobiography of Booker T Washington, Up From Slavery

Today we will study and reflect on Booker T Washington’s
autobiography, Up From Slavery.
Although Booker was born an illiterate slave, after the Civil War he
overcame daunting obstacles to earn an education, become a
schoolteacher, and then founded the Tuskegee Institute, which grew
under his leadership to be one of the largest black colleges in the
country. He was first black leader to be a keynote speaker at a major
national business convention, the Atlanta Exposition. He accomplished
this in the darkest days of Reconstruction when the Ku Klux Klan night
riders randomly terrorized blacks through lynchings, beatings,
vandalism, and theft.

You may ask, what can we learn by pondering Up From Slavery, the
autobiography of Booker T Washington?
Booker T Washington shows us how to persevere and prosper under
incredible hardship and discouragement, without anger or rancor, and
how to continuously forgive those who wrong us with strength and
dignity.
We can be more compassionate towards the legitimate fears of our
black brothers by studying our history. We can share this story with
our acquaintances so we can defeat both ignorance and prejudice.
And, most importantly, his struggles exemplify the Christian virtues of
patience, persistence and forgiveness that can inspire all Christians in
their struggle to live a truly godly life.

We always like to select quotes from the author himself. At the end of
our talk, we will discuss our source for this video, and my blogs that
also cover this topic. Please, we welcome interesting questions in the
comments, sometimes these will generate short videos of their own.
Let us learn together!

YouTube Video:
Up From Slavery: Autobiography of Booker T Washington
https://youtu.be/yxDnJ6sBoJc
Blog: https://www.seekingvirtueandwisdom.com
NOTE: YouTube video corrections may not be reflected on
the slides, and the blog may differ somewhat in content.
If links are inactive, try rebooting, or access blog for links.
© Copyright 2021
Become a patron:
https://www.patreon.com/seekingvirtueandwisdom
YouTube Channel (please subscribe):
Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History:
https://amzn.to/3kfEXbT
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLqDkfFbWhXOnzdjp__YZtg

When you read Booker T Washington’s autobiography, Up From
Slavery, pay attention to his use of names, he only reveals the names of
those whom he respects, both white and black.
Booker was born a slave, and slaves are only called by their first names.
Slaves often took as their last name the last name of their master, but
not Booker, he never adopted the last name of his master.
His attitude reminds of Epictetus, the later Roman Stoic philosopher,
Who himself was a former slave of a former slave.
Epictetus taught us that tyrants can take away all our possessions, and
also enslave us, but they can never take away our soul.

Booker repeats what many slave autobiographies say on their
first page, how white masters regard their slaves merely as
talking livestock.
Booker said that when his mother was purchased by the master,
she was noticed just as much as a newly purchased horse or
cow would be noticed.
Booker never knew his father’s name, though he had heard that
a white man on a plantation down the road might be his father.
Was this a case of RAPE? Booker does not go there, he does not
like to dwell on such things.

He only tells us the name of one white man from his days as a slave.
Booker had fond memories of this white man, a son of his master,
called Mars’ Billy, short for master. They were playmates when they
were both young, Mars Billy was nursed by slaves, and when he
became a teenager, he would stick up for slaves when the cruel
overseer beat them. Slaves never forgot the few whites who showed
them small acts of kindness.
Booker never tells us his master’s name, he only says he was not
especially cruel, we must not have been especially kind either.
Their master only had a few dozen slaves at most, their families were
not broken up, they were like the slaves pictured in the Harriet Tubman
movie, which was also a small farm as opposed to a huge plantation
with hundreds of slaves.

Since his mother was the plantation’s
cook, the family’s one room small
cabin was also the plantation’s
kitchen, with a hearth rather than a
proper stove, windowless, with a door
with uncertain hinges that let in the
Virginia cold during the winter. There
was no kitchen table, nor any proper
furniture of any kind. There were no
family meals, they ate their sweet
potatoes and corn bread and pork on
the run. Exhaustion ended the day,
everyone slept among piles of rags
on the dirt floor.

Unending toil, dawn to dusk, was their life,
the life of a slave. Not only did Booker has
no memories of sports or play as a youth,
when he was young the thought that a
youngster would have time to play never
came to mind. When he was old enough to
walk, he was put to work tending chores,
cleaning the yards, carrying water to the men
in the fields, taking corn to the mill to be
ground.
Mothers would bring their infants with them
into the fields, laying them down on the end
of the cotton row, playing with them for a few
minutes when they picked their way back.

Booker had vivid childhood
memories of the Civil War. The front
lines never reached their
plantation. He remembers his
mother kneeling over her children at
night, fervently praying that Lincoln
and his armies would win the war,
and that one day she and her
children would be set free. He
remembers when the sons were all
sent to war for the Confederacy.

Booker remembers when the master’s sons were
all sent to war for the Confederacy, how the
slaves were honored when it was their turn to
sleep in the big house so the ladies of the
plantation would not be alone, how their slaves
we eager to protect them from possible
deserters and intruders. He remembers fondly
how the slaves were eager to nurse Mars’ Billy
back to health as best they could when he
returned wounded from the front.

Booker remembers the excitement felt by the
slaves after the war when they learned there
would be a big meeting at the big house in the
morning. Booker remembers that morning: a
Union officer “made a little speech and then read
a rather long paper, the Emancipation
Proclamation, I think. After the reading we were
told that we were all free, and could go when
and where we pleased. My mother, who was
standing by my side, leaned over and kissed her
children, while tears of joy ran down her
cheeks. She explained to us what it all meant,
that this was the day for which she had been so
long praying, but fearing that she would never
live to see.”

Booker continues, “For some minutes
there was great rejoicing, and
thanksgiving, and wild scenes of
ecstasy. But there was no feeling of
bitterness. In fact, there was pity among
the slaves for our former masters.” Why
would they pity their masters? “Deep in
their hearts there was a strange and
peculiar attachment to “old Master” and
“old Missus,” and to their children, who
they found it hard to think of breaking
off. With these they had spent in some
cases nearly half a century, and it was no
light thing to think of parting.”

Both masters and slaves faced hard times during the war and the
wartime shortages, although the masters suffered more, for slaves
were accustomed to not having enough to eat.
Booker observe that slavery really did cripple both master and slave
alike. After the war the master and his family had no marketable skills,
since their slaves did everything. The wife did not even how to keep
her house without slaves or servants.
The slaves had never worked hard, there was no incentive to work
hard, they just did enough to get by and avoid the whip. On many
slave plantations everything was half fixed, half working.
Nothing was freshly painted, everywhere the paint was peeling.

In the days following big meeting, many of the old slaves went back to
talk to master about working for wages, but not his mother, she felt
not attachment to the old plantation whatsoever.
Booker learned he had a stepfather, a slave his mother had married
years ago without him knowing about it. After emancipation, his
stepfather had moved to the coal country of West Virginia, and then
sent for his wife, Booker’s mother, to join him.
Booker does not tell us his stepfather’s name, PERHAPS, like his old
master, he not especially cruel, but not especially kind.
One room dirt floor cabin just as bad as the one they left
BUT neighborhood was worse, many young men in other cabins,
Drinking, carousing, fighting all night long

There Booker worked in the salt mines and coal mines, this work was
even more grueling than working on a plantation.
In many ways, Booker was worse off in his early years as a freeman, the
work was certainly far more dangerous, but in one respect he was far
better off, for he was now free, and he was free to figure out how to
get ahead and improve his station in life, although he encountered
incredible obstacles along the way.

Unending toil, dawn to dusk, was their life. First
his stepfather found him a job working a salt-
furnace, often starting his work day at four
AM. Later he worked in a coal mine. Booker
tells us, “the work was not only hard, it was
dangerous. There was always the danger of
being blown to pieces by a premature
explosion of powder, or of being crushed by
falling slate. Accidents were frequent, we were
in constant fear.” Many small children worked in
the coal mines, with no hope of gaining an
education. “Young boys who begin life in a
coal-mine are often physically and mentally
dwarfed. They soon lose ambition to do
anything else than to continue as a coal-miner.”
Booker T Washington

But Booker was able to start night classes, worked all day in the mines,
went to school at night
He was able to attend school during the day for a few short months,
but he had to go back into the mines to help put food on the table.

Booker claimed his last name when he
attended his first day of class. He was
conscious of how many of his more well-off
classmates had better clothes and hats than he
had. They were recording attendance and
everyone before him gave their first and last
name. When his turn came, he thought about
it, and decided his last name was
Washington. When he got home he told his
mother about his new last name, she informed
him she had given him the last name of
Taliaferro, which was news to him. So now he
was now known as Booker T Washington.
Booker T Washington lays claim to his last name and middle name.

BTW knew he had to get out of the coal mines
He learned the wife of the owner of the coal and salt mine was looking
for a household servant, she was strict and tough and her servants
would only last a few weeks before they decided it was better to go
back to the coal mines
BTW did not care, he thought that the coal mines would be the death
of him, so he applied for the servant position

Mrs. Viola Ruffner treated him with dignity and
respect as she would treat any white employee,
and he learned from her the dignity of
work. Booker T Washington remembers, “she
wanted everything kept clean about her, she
wanted things done promptly and
systematically, and above all she wanted
absolute honesty and frankness. Nothing can
be slovenly or slipshod; every door, every
fence, must be kept in repair.” Mrs. Ruffner
encouraged him to continue his education and
allowed him time off to attend classes an hour
a day.
Booker T Washington works for Mrs. Viola Ruffner
Unnamed private black servant

BTW decides he wants to attend the black college, Howard University,
500 miles away, also college of Kamala Harris
Saved as much as he could, small donations from mother and
neighbors, no direct train route, train and stagecoach, ran out of money
with eighty miles to go to Hampton Institute
No money, hotel, clerk would not even discuss rooms at all for colored
folk, money or no money
Slept under sidewalk, docks, found ship, unloaded ship for a week,
earned enough money to pay for the remainder of the trip

Out of the blue Booker T Washington
showed up on the doorstep of
Hampton Institute. There was no
room at any inn nearby for him to
freshen up, he had about run out of
money, he presented himself to the
head teacher poor and dirty and
smelly from the long journey under
the hot Virginia sun. She initially said
there was no room for him, but he
stayed waiting for several
hours. Finally, she gave him a broom
and said the recitation room needed
sweeping.
Booker T Washington
arrives at Hampton Institute

Booker T Washington pretended he
was still working for Mrs. Ruffner. He
not only swept the room three
times, he dusted and wiped down
the walls and each table, chair, and
desk four times and the closets
also. When this Yankee head
teacher wiped her glove vainly
looking for any dust at all anywhere
in the room or the closets, she
quietly remarked, “I guess you will
do to enter this institution.”
That was his college examination.
Booker T Washington arrives
at Hampton Institute

After she admitted Booker T Washington to Hampton Institute, we
learn that her name was Miss Mary Mackies.
He became great friends with Miss Mackie and the Headmaster,
General Samuel Armstrong
Union general, scalawag, good guy
Great respect for each other, became good friends
Now, rather than working through the day and going to school at night,
He went to school during the day and worked at night as a school
janitor to pay his tuition.

Booker T Washington remembers of
his new experiences: “The matter of
eating meals at regular hours, of
eating on a tablecloth, the use of the
bathtub and the toothbrush, as well
as the use of sheets upon the bed,
these were all new to me.” And he
had decent clothes picked from
barrels of used clothing shipped by
northern patrons.
Booker T Washington, new experiences at Hampton Institute

We encourage you to read his autobiography, Up From Slavery, for many
stories about his time at Howard, and his first job as a teacher in his old
town in West Virginia.
The Alabama legislature had appropriated two thousand dollars to start
a school in Tuskegee. General Armstrong was asked if he could
recommend any qualified white men who could organize and take
charge of this new colored teaching school. General Armstrong replied
that he did not know of any qualified white men, but that he knew a
highly qualified educated black man, Booker T Washington.
Tuskegee was a small town of about two thousand that was more
progressive than most since it had a small white school. This was in the
black belt, so named because of the thick, dark and naturally rich soil
that made this prime agricultural land, attracting large plantations with a
large work force.

When he traveled to Tuskegee, he discovered that there were no
buildings for the school, and the appropriation only covered
teacher salaries. The first classes were held in a renovated
repurposed stable and hen-house. Booker T Washington
introduced himself to both black and white town leaders seeking
assistance in building the new school. Soon an abandoned
plantation whose big house had burned down came up for sale,
and Booker T Washington was able to collect enough donations
locally to purchase this for the school.
Many blacks were just as eager to begin their schooling as BTW
had been, and many showed up on the doorsteps of Tuskegee,
just as he had shown up on the doorsteps of Howard U so many
years before.

Most of this students were formal slaves who only knew
intense poverty, just as he was when he had first arrived at
Howard University so many years ago, they literally did not
know how to live as freed men.

Booker T Washington: “Few people who
were not” there can really understand
“the intense desire which the people of
my race showed for education. It was a
whole race trying to go to school. Few
were too young, and none too old, to
make the attempt to learn. As fast as any
kind of teachers could be secured, not
only were day-schools filled, but night-
schools as well. The great ambition of the
older people was to try to learn to read
the Bible before they died.”
BLACK EDUCATION
Class in Tuskegee Institute, Alabama

Booker T Washington tells us, “we wanted to
teach the students how to bathe; how to care
for their teeth and clothing. We wanted to
teach them what to eat, and how to eat it
properly, and how to care for their
rooms. Aside from this, we wanted to give
them such a practical knowledge of some one
industry, together with the spirit of industry,
thrift, and economy, that they would know how
to make a living after they left us.”
Booker T Washington, on practical education
Dining room at Tuskegee

Booker T Washington made the
strategic decision that the students
would do all the work in constructing
the buildings on the campus
themselves, which would gain them
valuable trade experience, whether
they wanted to become tradesmen
themselves or teach at a trade
school. He initially encountered
resistance from the first group of
students, they felt they no longer had
to do manual labor while they were in
college, but when they saw the master
of the school roll up his sleeves and get
to work, they worked beside him.
Teaching the Trades
at Tuskegee Institute

The students also planted crops in the fields of the former
plantation. Mistakes were made, and they learned from their
mistakes. They wanted to make their own bricks, especially since
there was no brickyard nearby. They learned bricks were tricky to
manufacture, they ruined three kilns before they succeeded with
their fourth kiln. The school then sold bricks and farm produce
and other products to the surrounding white businesses, which
gained credibility for the school and better enabled its graduates
to find decent paying jobs.
NOTE: Preacher, amusing quote, but like the blacks in Mark
Twain, emphasizes the low level of education of blacks in general
and the challenges they faced in learning how to read and write.

Booker T Washington was also concerned that many
black preachers really were not qualified to preach,
and many were illiterate. He tells the story of a
“colored man in Alabama, who, one hot day in July,
while he was at work in a cotton-field, suddenly
stopped, and, looking towards the skies, said, ‘O
Lawd, de cotton am so grassy, de work am so hard,
and the sun am so hot dat I b’lieve dis darky am
called to preach!’ ” Although Tuskegee was a
secular school, eventually it included Bible Study
classes as part of the curriculum so black preachers
would be better qualified.
Booker T Washington

Over the years they built more and more buildings on campus,
and more and more black students enrolled in their classes. The
financial needs of this growing college soon outstripped the
capacity of the local community to finance the expansion. He
asked for assistance, and General Armstrong helped him his first
fund raising lecture tour and fund-raising trip up North, with
Hampton footing the expenses for the trip.

Booker T Washington was an excellent administrator and
delegator, which enabled him to spend much of his time fund
raising for Tuskegee and later other black colleges. When
Tuskegee really started expanding he would spend six months
out of the year crisscrossing Northern cities, giving lectures and
visiting philanthropists looking for additional funding for his
projects.
BTW knew had to dwell on the positive, praising the many whites
who supported black education, but not dwelling on the
negative, including the many lynchings and humiliations and
discriminations that dogged him and every black man of his era,
so he could make a good impression of the moneyed white
Northern philanthropists and businessmen.

Booker T Washington was always
persistent and patient, and his persistence
and patience paid off during the many
years he spent fund-raising. Usually, the
really large donations came from
businessmen he had been calling on for
many years. The businessman who
donated five dollars this year might
donate five thousand a few years from
now, and fifty thousand in his
will. Carnegie eventually donated twenty
thousand for a library. The Alabama
Legislature increased their annual
appropriation, and several trust funds also
donated substantial sums annually.
Andrew Carnegie with
faculty of Tuskegee Institute

Booker T Washington is most famous for his speech at the
Atlanta Exposition in 1895, which he also helped to organize
and promoted during his many fund-raising trips through the
North. This was the very first time a black man addressed
such a large and influential body of white businessmen and
white national politicians. All the major newspapers in the
country promoted the Atlanta Exposition, which included a
large Negro exhibit which sought to encourage businessmen
to hire and work with the many blacks who sought greater
economic opportunity.

In his speech known as the Atlanta Compromise, BTW
rhetorically addressed both the black worker and the white
businessmen, but his real audience was the white businessman.
He wanted to reassure him that the black workers were hard
working and not too eager to rock the boat with talk about civil
rights and such, he also hoped they would contribute to the
black colleges and schools.

Addressing his fellow black workers:
“A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a
friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate
vessel was seen a signal: "Water, water; we die of
thirst!" The answer from the friendly vessel at once
came back: "Cast down your bucket where you are." A
second time the signal, "Water, water; send us water!"
ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered:
"Cast down your bucket where you are." And a third
and fourth signal for water was answered: "Cast down
your bucket where you are." The captain of the
distressed vessel, at last heeding the injunction, cast
down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling
water from the mouth of the Amazon River.
Booker T Washington:
Atlanta Exposition

Continuing: To those of my race who depend on
bettering their condition in a foreign land, or who
underestimate the importance of cultivating
friendly relations with the Southern white man,
who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: "Cast
down your bucket where you are" — cast it down
in making friends in every manly way of the
people of all races by whom we are surrounded.
Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in
commerce, in domestic service, and in the
professions.”
No race can prosper till it learns that there is as
much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.
It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not
at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances
to overshadow our opportunities.”
Atlanta Exposition

His message to the white businessmen:
“To those of the white race who look to the incoming
of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and
habits for the prosperity of the South, were I
permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race,
“Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down
among the 8,000,000 Negroes whose habits you
know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in
days when to have proved treacherous meant the
ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among
these people who have, without strikes and labor
wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, built
your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures
from the bowels of the earth, and helped make
possible this magnificent representation of the
progress of the South.”
Atlanta Exposition

And he reassures the white businessman:
“You can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you
and your families will be surrounded by the most
patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people
that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty
to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching
by the sick bed of your mothers and fathers, and often
following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves,
so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by
you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach,
ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defense of
yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and
religious life with yours in a way that shall make the
interests of both races one. In all things that are purely
social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as
the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.”
Atlanta Exposition

The closing paragraph also reassures the skittish
potential white employers:
“The wisest among my race understand that the
agitation of questions of social equality is the
extremist folly, and that progress in the
enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to
us must be the result of severe and constant
struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race
that has anything to contribute to the markets of
the world is long in any degree ostracized. It is
important and right that all privileges of the law
be ours, but it is vastly more important that we
be prepared for the exercises of these privileges.
The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just
now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity
to spend a dollar in an opera house.”
Atlanta Exposition

The speech was a resounding success. When the speech
ended, Governor Bullock of Georgia and many others rushed
across the platform to congratulate him. The newspapers
enthusiastically reprinted the speech from coast to coast. He
later received a letter from President Cleveland congratulating
him for his speech.
We must remember this speech was the proper speech for him
to make in 1895, at the height of Jim Crow, the KKK terrorism
and lynchings, when blacks were effectively barred from
seeking justice from the police and the courts. We must
remember this speech was a sales pitch, pure and simple, to
convince white businesses to hire more black workers, and do
business with more small black businesses and contractors.

In other words, Booker T Washington was, first and
foremost, a salesman raising money for Tuskegee
Institute and other black colleges. Publicly he clashed
with WEB Dubois, the founder of the NAACP and
belonged to the next generation of black leaders. WEB
Dubois was far more outspoken on civil rights issues.
Privately, BTW helped fund the NAACP and the civil
rights activities of WEB Dubois.

We are going to conclude this video with some interesting quotes
from Booker T Washington on Frederick Douglas, the former slave
and leading abolitionist before the Civil War, and his namesake,
George Washington

Booker T Washington tells us a story about Frederick
Douglass, the black abolitionist. He was once forced,
because of his color, to ride in the baggage-car of the
train. When some of the white passengers
commented on how he should not have been
degraded in this manner, he replied, “They cannot
degrade Frederick Douglass. The soul within me no
man can degrade. I am not the one who is being
degraded on account of his treatment, but who are
inflicting it upon me are those who degrade
themselves.”
Booker T Washington, story about Frederick Douglas

Booker T Washington also tells a story
about George Washington, who once
tipped his hat in response to a colored
man who tipped his hat to him on the
road. His white friends criticized him
for this courtesy, but George
Washington asked, “Do you suppose
that I am going to permit a poor,
ignorant, colored man to be more
polite than I am?”
Booker T Washington, story about George Washington

Booker T Washington demonstrates with his
life that we must forgive constantly, forgive
without expecting or asking for apologies,
forgive even those who threaten us bodily
harm or constantly humiliate us, always
forgiving silently. This was the extreme
forgiveness he had to show during the
troubled times in which he lived, he had to
forgive not seven times seventy times, but
seven hundred times seventy times, so we can
only have to forgive seventy. Booker T
Washington forgave not with weakness but in
strength, never sacrificing his personal dignity.
Rarely did he show anger, rarely was he angry.
Booker T Washington

SOURCES: Up From Slavery from Amazon, not even a
published date or name, but has large type and is a bargain.
Also, you can find this complete work on the internet for free.
Well written autobiographical narratives like this one are also
fascinating personal histories of what life was like as a slave and
as a freedman in these times, back in the days before the
modern appliances and communications had been invented.
We learn what life was like as slave on a small plantation where
the owners knew all his slaves personally, and what life was like
for a newly freed slave at his workplace and as a student first in
night school and then at a black college.

This is also a story of how this ambitious black freedman was
able to call on the incredibly wealthy upper-crust white
businessmen asking for donations for Tuskegee and other black
colleges. This does color how he tells his story, in the last part
of his life he is a salesman, and cannot turn off his black
audience by being seen as a recalcitrant civil rights activist.
However, he does politely and firmly in several places
emphasize that blacks should be able to vote, and also protests
that lynching is wrong and should be suppressed, but these
calls to action are neither as prominent or as vitriolic as the
black leaders in the generations preceding and following him
would prefer.

His autobiography also has a how-to chapter on salesmanship,
on the sales techniques and advice that people who run non-
profit organizations need to know when they call on wealthy
businessmen, how it is a long-term game, how often it takes
years of persistent and polite visits over many years to coax the
substantial contributions needed to fund a major institution.

The black conservative Thomas Sowell, who was born in 1930,
has some interesting comments in an essay on Booker T
Washington. Sowell also observes that during his tenure at
the head of the Tuskegee Institute there was never a whiff of
financial scandal, which is noteworthy in any institution that
raises and spends such large sums of money. You could say
that Sowell is a modern black educator following in the
footsteps of Booker T Washington.

Thomas Sowell wrote this: “Booker T Washington
privately not only supported efforts to safeguard
civil rights but also wrote anonymous newspaper
articles protesting the violation of those rights, as
did his trusted agents.” “He secretly financed legal
challenges to Jim Crow laws,” sometimes secretly
paying the legal fees for black defendants.
“Booker T Washington also worked behind the
scenes to get federal appointments for blacks in
Washington and postmaster appointments in
Alabama, as well as lobbying Presidents to appoint
federal judges who would give blacks a fairer
hearing.”
Thomas Sowell on
Booker T Washington

We also have a series of four blogs which use as their main sources
two undergraduate class lectures from Yale, we have one of these
blogs pictured here, the links for these blogs are in the description,
and these four blogs also have links for the Yale class reading lists and
their transcripts. And we have blogs and videos on other civil rights
topics, including blogs and videos on Frederick Douglass and WEB
Dubois.
PLEASE click on the link in the description for our blog for BTW Up
from Slavery,
And on the links on other interesting videos to help broaden your
knowledge and improve your soul.

To find the source of any direct
quotes in these blogs, please type
in the phrase to the search box in
my blog to see the referenced
footnote.
YouTube Description has links for:
• Script PDF file
• Blog
• Amazon Bookstore
© Copyright 2021
Blog and YouTube Description
include links for Amazon books
and lectures mentioned, please
support our channel with these
affiliate commissions.
https://wp.me/pachSU-r7

Autobiography of Booker T Washington, Up From Slavery

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (17)

More from Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History

More from Reflections on Morality, Philosophy, and History (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Autobiography of Booker T Washington, Up From Slavery