3. The exercise stress testing is a test used to
provide information about how the heart
responds to exertion. It usually involves
walking on a treadmill or pedaling a
stationary bike at increasing levels of
difficulty, while your electrocardiogram,
heart rate, and blood pressure are
monitored.

4. Why It Is Done
 Determine if there is adequate
blood flow to your heart during
increasing levels of activity.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of
your heart medications to
control angina and ischemia.
 Determine the likelihood of
having coronary heart
disease and the need for
further evaluation.
 Check the effectiveness of
procedures done to improve
blood flow within the heart
vessels in people with coronary
heart disease.
 Identify abnormal heart
rhythms.
 Help you develop a safe
exercise program.

5. Cardiac catheterization is a medical
procedure used to diagnose and treat
certain heart conditions. A long, thin,
flexible tube called a catheter is put into
a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper
thigh), or neck and threaded to your
heart. Through the catheter, doctors can
perform diagnostic tests and treatments
on your heart.

6. Why It Is Done
 Cardiac catheterization is done to:
 Check blood flow and blood
pressure in the chambers of the
heart.
 Check blood flow in the coronary
arteries and, if you have coronary
artery disease(CAD), determine
whether surgery or another type of
procedure, such as angioplasty
with stenting, is needed to open
the blocked blood vessels.
 Check the pumping action of the
heart.
 Find out if a congenital heart
defect is present and how severe it
is. Cardiac catheterization
sometimes can also be used to
help correct the defect.
 Check blood flow through the
heart after surgery.
 Find out how well the heart valves
work.

7. Angiography is a test that uses an
injection of a liquid dye to make the
arteries easily visible on X-rays.

8. Why It Is Done
 Detect problems with blood
vessels that affect blood flow..
 Look for changes in the blood
vessels of injured or damaged
organs.
 Show the pattern of blood flow to
a tumor..
 For example, a catheter can be
used to open a blocked blood
vessel, deliver medicine to a
tumor, or stop intestinal bleeding
caused by diverticular
hemorrhage. To stop intestinal
bleeding, the catheter is moved
into the small artery where the
bleeding is occurring, and
medicine that narrows the artery
or causes the blood to clot is
injected through the catheter.