The document summarizes the key events of the #EndSARS protests in Nigeria from its build-up through the crisis period and potential post-crisis resolutions. It discusses how the protests began on social media in 2017 and gained momentum in 2020 in response to police brutality. Major events included peaceful protests expanding to 25 states, the government's proscription of SARS and replacement with SWAT, and protesters' 5-point demands. Tensions escalated with violence in various cities. The crisis peaked with the army shooting at protesters at the Lekki Tollgate, resulting in injuries and alleged deaths. After the shooting, looting and arson broke out in Lagos in retaliation. The document concludes by outlining potential approaches to

1. The Low and High-points
The #EndSARS Protests
• The Build-up
• The Crisis
• Post Crisis Scenarios and
Resolution

2. Content
SN SUBJECT SLIDES
1. The Build-up 3 - 11
2. The Crisis 12 - 19
3. The High-point 20 - 26
4. Post Crisis Scenarios and Resolutions 27 - 32

3. 1. The Build-up

4. The Setting
Consequence
• Protests moved from
being Peaceful to
violent as Hoodlums
began introducing
widespread violence.
Cause
• Alleged Brutality of
SAR operatives over
the Years Context
Widespread agitations for
an End to SARS with adverse
impact on the image of the
Police and the Government

5. Origin of the End SARS Issue
• ORIGIN
• End Special Anti-Robbery Squad (End SARS) or
#EndSARS is a social movement in Nigeria that
started on Twitter in 2017 calling for banning of
the Special Anti-Robbery Squad, a unit of the
Nigerian Police Force.
• It is a call to end police oppression and brutality
in Nigeria.
• TURNING POINT
• The protests started as a social media campaign
using the hashtag #ENDSARS to demand for
Nigeria's government to scrap and end the
deployment of Nigeria Police Force Special Anti-
Robbery Squad, popularly known as SARS.
• The 2020 version of the End SARS Protest became
a national protest drawing international
attention.

6. Protagonists of the
#EndSARS Movement
• Segun Awosanya
• 44 year old. One of the
early organisers of the
campaign against police
brutality in Nigeria on
social media as #EndSARS
in 2017.
• Olorunrinu Oduala
• A Student at the Lagos
State University. Also one
of the Leaders of the End
SARS Movement in Lagos.
• Aisha Yesufu
• An activist who came to
prominence during the
Bring Back Our Girls
Campaign. She is one of the
prominent leaders of End
SARS in the North.

7. Manifest Reason
• The Group arose as a
Movement to end Police
Brutality as typified by
the so-called activities of
FSARS

8. Organisation
• The Group has no Central
Coordinating Unit but operates
through a set of Local Grouping
On and Offline with Linkages
• Members rally round Young
Celebrities in Music, Movies and
Motivational Platforms for quasi-
leadership
• Recently, Political and other
pecuniary interests are starting to
influence the group.

9. Source of Funding
• Sponsorship base is diverse –
ranging from the following:
• Civil Society Groups with
Overseas Funding Links
• Donation by Public-spirited
Individuals and
Professionals
• Contribution by a host of
small businesses.

10. Fund Disbursement
Funds are disbursed through identified
Leadership Cells in key Localities

11. Linkages
• The Group is spreading given
the huge publicity mileage it
is getting from Twitter and
other Global and Local
Media.
• It currently has cells in over
25 States of Nigeria with
branches in key cities of
South Africa, Britain and the
United States

12. 2. The
Crisis

13. Build-up Timelines
Date Issue High-points
October 08 -10
2020
• Protest erupted after intense Twitter Trends on the
#EndSARS issue
• Protesters led matches to various State
Houses of Assembly with the Lagos
House of Assembly being very
prominent.
October 11 - 19
2020
• Protesters seize the Lekki Toll-gate obstructing
movement on the Lekki corridor. Protests spread to 25
States in Nigeria
• Government announces the proscription of SARS with
Inspector General setting up a new Unit -SWAT in its
place which was rejected by the protesters
• The Youths makes a 5-point demand as condition for
ending protests
• Abuja Protests also intensified with hoodlums starting
to attack the #EndSARS protesters.
• Lagos witness the burning of a Police Station
• Benin witnessed a Prison break –Abuja saw the burning
of Vehicles at a Car-lot in Apo with other carnages
across the Capital
• Major #EndSARS events were held
across Nigeria with the one on the Lekki
Corridor being very prominent.
• There are protests in support of SARS in
Borno and some core Northern States.
• Curfew is declared in Edo State following
the release of Prisoners by Hoodlums in
the Edo jail break

14. Governor Sawoolu
Visited President Buhari
On the Issue
• Governor Babajide
Olusola Sawoolu visited
President Buhari to
intimate the President
of the demands of the
#EndSARS protesters

15. SARS
Proscription
Negotiation
• Government and the Police High Command moved to
negotiate with some of the leaders of the #EndSARS
movement led by Davido a Musician.
• The Group presented a 5-point demand which included
the release of all arrested #EndSARS protester.
• Lagos State also set up a Committee to address the
demands.

16. The 5 Point Demand
• The following demands were made:
• Release of all arrested Protesters
• Compensation and Justice for
victims of Police brutality
• Setting up of an independent body
to oversee prosecution of indicted
Officers
• Psychological evaluation of Police
Officers
• Increase in Police Salaries.

17. From 5-point to
7-point Demand
• Institutional Reforms
(SECURITY)
• Reduction in Cost of
Governance
• Constitutional Reforms
• Education Reforms
• Health Reforms
• Youth Affairs Reforms
• Public Office Reforms

18. Army
Declares
Operation
Crocodile
Smile as Crisis
Escalates
• The Nigerian military took over streets and strategic locations in the capital
Abuja on Monday amid ongoing protests in the country against the
controversial Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) police unit, local media
reported.
• The move comes a day before an annual exercise, Operation Crocodile
Smile, which the military said would be conducted Tuesday, the Daily Post
reported.
• In an earlier statement, the military said the operation was not targeted at
the #EndSARS protests, according to the report.
• In a related development, the government of Edo state has imposed a 24-
hour curfew statewide, the newspaper reported separately.
• The curfew took effect as of 4:00 p.m. Monday until further notice,
according to the report.
• “This decision has become necessary because of the very disturbing
incidents of vandalism and attacks on private individuals and institutions by
hoodlums in the guise of the End SARS protests,” the Daily Post quoted the
Secretary to the State Government, Osarodion Ogien, as saying in a
statement.
https://www.withinnigeria.com/2020/10/21/nigerian-army-reportedly-arrest-
soldier-in-viral-video-begging-colleagues-not-to-shoot-at-endsars-protesters/

19. 3. The High-
Point

20. Crisis Timelines
Date Issue High-points
October 20 -
10 2020
11 am – 9pm
• Lagos declares a curfew from 4pm on Tuesday October 20,
2020 – Wednesday October 21, 2020
• Governor urges everyone to stay indoors except essential
services workers and first responders.
• Governor postpones curfew till 9pm to allow people in traffic
get home.
• The LCC, owners of the Lekki Toll Plaza begin removing the
CCTVs at the Toll Plaza
• Lights at the Toll-gate were switched off.
• Army Shooting went on from 7pm till 9pm with scores
injured and others allegedly dead,
• Protesters at the Lekki Tollgate reject
order
• An Army Unit from Bonny Camp
Victoria Island storm the Lekki Toll-gate
around 7pm shooting at the Protesters
October 21,
2020
• Governor Sanwoolu in a Lagos Statewide address denies any
death from the shootings
• Angry Youth blame Bola Tinubu and the Governor Babajide
Sanwoolu for the shooting
• Killings, Looting and Arson begin in different places in Lagos –
Lekki, Oyingbo, Iju-Fagba, Lagos Island, Ketu.
• TVC a TV Station allegedly owned by Tinubu is set ablaze as
well as other buildings across the State by angry youths,
• Major #EndSARS events were held
across Nigeria with the one on the
Lekki Corridor being very prominent.
• There are protests in support of SARS
in Borno and some core Northern
States.
• Curfew is declared in Edo State
following the release of Prisoners by
Hoodlums in the Edo jail break

21. The Lekki Shooting
• With the protesters defying
the curfew order, it did not
take long before Soldiers
stormed the Lekki Toll-gate
and a shooting spree began.

22. The Lekki Shooting – How
it Happened
• By the evening of October 20 Staff of the Lekki
Concession Company were seen removing the
Close Circuit Television Cameras at the Toll-
plaza.
• The Power source of the Toll-plaza was later
switched off leaving the place in total
darkness.
• At about 7pm a detachment of Soldiers
approached protesters at the Plaza and
started shooting

23. 4. Post Crisis
Scenarios and
Resolution

24. Navigating the Complexities
Overall
Perception
Community
Connection
Security

25. 25
F Establish the FACTS
This is important since most crises are clouded with hearsay & assumption
A
ASSESS the situation
Assess the situation and risk and determine appropriate actions to mitigate identified risks based
on factual knowledge
C COMMUNICATE
Prepare a communication plan with details of who needs to be informed, how and when.
Costs: Assign a team member to track costs
T TIME
Timely implementation of communication and action plans.
S SUMMARY
Summarise all activity for due diligence, ensuring a record of decisions and reasons for decisions is
kept.
The FACTS Process
How Can We Prepare Better?

26. Understanding the Issues • Engaging Young People on their
pain-points:
• Economic Pressures
• Been Out of School
• Long Closure of Educational
Institutions
• Unemployment
• Harassment by Law Enforcement
Agents
• Lack of Opportunities
• Lack of clarity on what the
Future holds for them

27. Identifying the Subject
• POWER
• Government:
• Executive: Federal, States
• Legislature: Relevant Senate and House
Committees
• Judiciary
• Regulator
• International Organisations
• PRESSURE
• Media
• NGOs / CBO;s
• Human Rights Groups
• PATRONAGE
• Youth Groups
• Middle-aged Nigerians / Professionals
• Key Opinion Leaders

28. Targeting Critical Stakeholders
• 1. POLICY
• Help create the right environment for resolving the issues
• Create vents for release of strategic information and
attract direct and vicarious responses.
• 3. PRESSURE / COMMUNITY
• Facilitate dialogue with the aim being to foster a win-win
proposition in order to stave-off crisis .
• 4.MEDIA
• Create a platform for the telling of a crisp and convincing
story and engender continuous positive recall thereafter.

29. Thank You