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Lazko biobased waterborne pu - isgc - 2015 vfinal
1.
Copyright : photo
© Denis Lecuyer Synthesis of waterborne bio-based polyurethanes for coating applications Jevgenij Lazko, Loïc Poussard, Jérôme Mariage, Jean-Marie Raquez, Philippe Dubois Materia Nova Research Center, Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Avenue Copernic 1, 7000 Mons, Belgium Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMons), Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium e-mail: jevgenij.lazko@materianova.be Introduction References Functional Properties Characterization 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 500 1000 1500 Stress(MPa) Strain (%) P-H-0.5 P-H-1 V-H-0.5 V-H-1 V-I-0.5 V-I-1 0.0 0.5 1.0 0 5 10 5001000150020002500300035004000 Absorbance Wavenumber (cm-1) 1480158016801780 1000110012001300 Priplast P-H-0.5 P-H-1 Veopur V-H-0.5 V-H-1 11.522.533.544.55 [ppm] Priplast P-H-0.5 P-H-1 Veopur V-H-0.5 V-H-1 H OO O O N H O O O O N H O O N CO2 H O O N - N H+ b a d c e bcde a Synthesis and Structural Analyses Reference Mean diameter (nm) Zeta potential (mV) V-H-0.5 83.4 ± 1.1 -45.8 ± 2.4 V-H-1 70.9 ± 0.9 -55.0 ± 3.8 V-I-0.5 103.3 ± 0.9 -45.7 ± 3.4 V-I-1 60.3 ± 0.9 -45.5 ± 1.2 P-H-0.5 149.2 ± 1.8 -51.3 ± 0.9 P-H-1 120.0 ± 0.2 -63.2 ± 3.0 P-I-0.5 142.4 ± 1.6 -45.3 ± 1.7 P-I-1 146.6 ± 1.0 -54.8 ± 2.3 Reference E (Mpa) σb (Mpa) εb (%) Shore D (%) V-H-0.5 5.0 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.3 871 ± 81 8 ± 1 V-H-1 10.5 ± 2.3 6.9 ± 0.8 627 ± 49 24 ± 3 V-I-0.5 0.45 ± 0.03 0.23 ± 0.02 1496 ± 75 7 ± 1 V-I-1 0.65 ± 0.07 0.19 ± 0.04 721 ± 121 9 ± 1 P-H-0.5 35.7 ± 3.3 1.1 ± 0.2 48 ± 6 21 ± 2 P-H-1 99.0 ± 4.5 3.2 ± 0.6 15 ± 2 34 ± 1 Heterogeneous instable biphasic medium Homogeneous stable aqueous dispersion Reaction time The restrictions on volatile organic compounds (VOC) in coatings led to major technological progresses in the development of water-based formulations (1). Waterborne polyurethanes (WPU), in particular, have gained increasing attention as performant, non-toxic and environmentally friendly solutions (2,3). Moreover, both the economic and environmental aspects of WPU could be improved replacing petroleum based raw materials with renewable resources. Polyols extracted from abundant and low cost vegetal oils issued from major agro-industrial crops, represent precisely interesting bio-based alternatives (4,5). In the present work, the focus was made on functionalization of two commercially available bio-based polyols with similar low hydroxyl values: fully renewable fatty dimer functionalized polyol Veopur (Vandeputte Oleochemicals) and partially biobased amorphous polyester polyol Priplast (Croda). 1) 50 wt% MEK, 70°C, 5h 2) Addition of water 3) MEK removal Water dispersions of ionic hard segment functionalized polyurethanes HO OH CO2 - + HNEt3 NCOOCNHO OH ++ Tests were made with two aliphatic diisocyanates (diNCO): isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate (H12MDI). The DMPTEA salt, prepared by reacting triethylamine (TEA) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), was selected to be introduced as ionic chain extender. Reaction kinetics was followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) with a progressive disappearing of the absorption peak of the NCO groups (2700 cm-1), whose consumption stabilized at 70 % after 5 hours. The reaction medium was then dispersed in water, and the residual MEK removed at 40°C in a rotary evaporator. The final solid content of water dispersion was 20 wt%. Mechanical properties characterisations showed that WPU formulations especially based on fully renewable polyol Veopur and H12MDI could be considered as particularly promising materials for sustainable coatings. An appropriate choice of hard segment content might be used to meet specific requirements for various applications and supports (wood, metal, walls). The introduction of hydrophilic segments progressively brought amphiphilic properties to WPU, whose evolution can be easily followed during the reaction. Homogeneous and stable water dispersions, with the zeta potential clearly under -30 mV and the average particle size between 60 and 150 nm, were eventually obtained after 300 minutes reaction time. Casted WPU films were suitable for mechanical properties characterizations by tensile and hardness tests. For the whole set of studied polyols and diisocyanates, the results showed that a higher hard segment content induced a higher rigidity noted with Young modulus values and Shore D hardness. Moreover, stress-strain experiments revealed the polyol nature incidence, since formulations based on Priplast exhibited brittle behaviour with rubbery break compared to formulations based on Veopur which may be considered as elastomeric. According to 1H NMR analyses, the WPU hard segment content was highlighted by the increasing intensity of peaks corresponding to urethane moieties. Furthermore, the absence of the peaks at 3.5-3.6 ppm, assigned to CH2 in α position of the end- terminated hydroxyl function, indicated their full conversion into urethane segments. FTIR bands specific to urethane moieties in the final materials can be attributed to N-H stretching vibration (3340 cm-1), NH-CO stretching (1545 cm-1), C-O-C(O) stretching (1250 cm-1), their absorbances being directly proportional to the hard segment content. Conclusion & Prospects (1) K.-L. Noble, Waterborne polyurethanes, Progress in Organic Coatings 32 (1997) 131–136. (2) C. Fang et al., Synthesis and characterization of low crystalline waterborne polyurethane for potential application in water-based ink binder, Progress in Organic Coatings 77 (2014) 61–71. (3) J. Li et al., Structure, properties and application of a novel low-glossed waterborne polyurethane, Applied Surface Science 307 (2014) 255-262. (4) M. Desroches et al., From vegetable oils to polyurethanes: Synthetic routes to polyols and main industrial products. Polymer Reviews 52 (2012) 38-79. (5) C. Fu et al., A fully bio-based waterborne polyurethane dispersion from vegetable oils: From synthesis of precursors by thiol-ene reaction to study of final material, Progress in Organic Coatings 77 (2014) 53–60. Waterborne & bio-based Polyurethanes for Coatings Renewable resources Polyols from vegetal oils Reference Polyol diNCO Polyol / DMPTA /diNCO (mol) HS (wt%) V-H-0.5 Veopur H12MDI 1 / 0.5 / 1.65 21.7 V-H-1 Veopur H12MDI 1 / 1 / 2.20 28.2 V-I-0.5 Veopur IPDI 1 / 0.5 / 1.65 19.3 V-I-1 Veopur IPDI 1 / 1 / 2.2 25.6 P-H-0.5 Priplast H12MDI 1 / 0.5 / 1.65 20.8 P-H-1 Priplast H12MDI 1 / 1 / 2.20 27.2 P-I-0.5 Priplast IPDI 1 / 0.5 / 1.65 18.6 P-I-1 Priplast IPDI 1 / 1 / 2.20 24.7 WPU compositions and theoretical hard segment mass fraction
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