Maths project

1. MATHS
PROJECT

2. HISTORY OF
MATHEMATICIANS
NAME : Anusha Tripathi
ROLL NO : 12117
SCHOOL : NRI Global Discovery School
SUBMITTED TO : Mrs Dipti Pendor

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my Maths teacher Mrs Dipti Pendor
for their able guidance and support in
completing my project.
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I would also like to extend my gratitude to the
Principal Mam Mrs Archana Sharma who gave
me the golden opportunity of this wonderful
project, which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many
new things.

4. INDEX
• Introduction
• Srinivasa Ramanujan
• Brahmagupta
• Bhaskara I
• Shakuntala Devi
• Aryabhata
• C. R. Rao
• C. P. Ramanujan
• P. C. Mahalanobis
• Mahavira
• S. N. Bose
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5. INTRODUCTION
A Mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of Mathematics
in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are
concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models and change.
The study of Mathematics as a demonstrative discipline began in the sixth
century BC with the pythagoreans, who coined the term “mathematics” from the
ancient Greek µáθηµα (Mathema), meaning “subject of instruction”.
Mathematics is one of the oldest and most fundamental sciences.
Mathematicians use high level mathematics and technology to develop new
mathematical principles, understand relationships between existing principles,
and solve real-world problems. They expand mathematical knowledge by
developing new principles.
This presentation/project will give you description about the history of few of the
Great Mathematicians
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6. SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a brilliant mathematician who gets
credited even today for his contributions in the field of mathe-
matics.
Born in the year 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was an
exceptionally brilliant child who would outshine other children of
his age in solving equations. The circumstances of his family were
not good and they lived in poverty for most part of their lives,
thereby not giving the young Ramanujan an opportunity to pursue his passion-
mathematics-due to lack of proper resources
However the laborious Ramanujan found his inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of
elementary results in pure mathematics' by George S. Carr. A brilliant mathematician,
Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited today for his contributions in the field of mathematics.
It was due to sheer strength of determination and devotion that the immensely talented
mathematician could invent some of the most crucial equations for the field of
mathematical studies- game theory and infinite series. The infinite series for π is used in
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7. BRAHMAGUPTA
Brahmagupta was a seventh century Indian
mathematician and astronomer, best known for his
book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the first
text that treated zero as a number and gave references
for using it in calculations.
Born in the state of Rajasthan, most of his works were
in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent
language then. Known also as Bhillamalacarya, the
genius mathematician made immense contribution in the field of Arithmetic by not only
explaining how to calculate cube and the cube-root of an integer but also providing rules
for computation of square and square root.
Brahmagupta could not complete the use of zero in calculations relating to division but
he offered other calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; and 1 x 0 =0), for using the
digit zero.
Interestingly, previously calculations such as 3-4 entailed the answer called
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8. BHASKARA I
Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was a seventh century Indian mathematician
and astronomer credited with the invention of Hindu decimal system.
Born in Maharashtra, Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, written
in 629 CE, is the oldest known work, in Sanskrit language, on mathe-
matics and astronomy. He was a follower of Aryabhat.
His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya and Mahabhaskariya
The latter book, divided into eight chapters, dwells into mathematical
astronomy. The book is also credited to have given the approximation formula for sin x.
Relations between sine and cosine, and also between the sine of an angle >90° >180°
or >270° to the sine of an angle <90° have been given in this book.
The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of the planets
with each other and with bright stars, eclipses of the sun and the moon, risings and
settings, and the lunar crescent. Bhaskara I is also known for the Pell Equation ( 8x² + 1
= y² ).
Not much is known about Bhaskara I except that he was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra
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9. SHAKUNTALA DEVI
Shakuntala Devi was a remarkable lady known for superfast
calculations, something that had earned her the title of 'human
computer’.
Born in Bangalore in the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first
observed by her father when he was training her for remembering
numbers on the card for the circuses.
Shakuntala's father used to work in a circus. Soon after the father –
daughter duo were traveling to do street shows based on a young
Shakuntala's calculations' talent.
Shakuntala had by the end of year 1944 moved to London thereby traveling across the
world doing shows. After all the young prodigy was known to solve the most complex
equations within seconds. So much so that the professor of psychology at California
University, Arthur Jensen, had called her to the university in the year 1988 to study her
exceptional capabilities.
The world was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's talent. In the year 1980, her name was
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10. ARYABHATA
Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The
Elder, in order to distinguish him from another tenth century
mathematician of the same name, Aryabhata flourished in
Patliputra during Gupta dynasty.
Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician as well as an Astro-
nomer. This is so because not only had he discovered that the
Earth is spherical, which revolves around the Sun but also that
the number of days in a year is 365.
The two most prominent works composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the
Aryabhatasiddhanta.
The latter is a lost work now while Aryabhatiya was divided into three sections- Ganita
(Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), and Gola (Sphere). In Ganita, Aryabhata
has named the first 10 decimal places and given algorithms for obtaining the square and
cubic roots by using the decimal number system.
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11. C. R. RAO
Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, considered the doyen of
Indian Statistics, has works that have influenced various
fields from economics to demography to medicine.
Born in 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had developed interest
in the subject mathematics from a very early age. Evident
as this is from his earlier account narrating how his
father brought for him to solve a book titled 'Problems
for Leelavathi' that contained questions by a mathe-
matician for his daughter Leelavathi to solve. He explains
how his father would motivate the then eleven years old Rao to try solving five to ten
problems every day.
Rao had always keen interest in the subject and this is the reason why he could win for
himself the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship for both the years at intermediate level.
Even M.A, he graduated with first class honours from Andhra University in the year
1940. However it was his year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to be a
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12. C. P. RAMANUJAN
Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was a
gifted Indian mathematician, known for his
works on number theory and algebraic geo-
metry.
Born in the year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai)
, Ramanujan joined the prestigious Loyola
college in Madras (now Chennai) for finishing
intermediate and college studies after finishing
his high school in the year 1952.
C.P. Ramanujan is well known for his rejection of promotion to the position of an
Associate Professor at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai.
Believing this elevation to a higher position to be undeserving in nature, he later
accepted this post after persuasions by several of his friends and colleagues.
Passionate about the subject mathematics, the young Ramanujan was appreciated well
by his doctoral supervisor for in-depth knowledge of the subject.
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13. P. C. MAHALANOBIS
P.C. Mahalanobis was an Indian Mathematician, Statistician and
Scientist.
Not only is he considered the father of Statistics in India but also
the hand behind the establishment of Indian Statistical Institute
(ISI) in India in the year 1931. He was also instrumental in shaping
up of the Planning Commission of India.
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born in Kolkata in the year
1893. After completing his school education, he received his B.Sc in
Physics from Presidency College, Kolkata. Later he went to
Cambridge for further studies in Mathematics and Physics.
Mahalanobis is best known for his Mahalanobis Distance or D2-statistic- measure of
comparison between two different data sets. In simple words, it is a measurement used
for studies in population distribution.
Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) credits all the major statistical work done up till the 1930s
to P.C.Mahalanobis. Many findings of his early studies were of great impact for
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14. MAHAVIRA
Mahavira was a ninth century Indian mathematician known for
separating astrology from mathematics.
No exact information is available as to where he was exactly born, but it
is mentioned that it was probably the Mysuru state of Southern India.
Mahavira made significant contributions in the field of algebra. The
book written by him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed of mathematical
procedures such as basic operations, reductions of fractions, miscellan-
eous problems involving a linear or quadratic equation with one
unknown, the rule of three (involving proportionality), mixture
problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), and shadows
(similar right-angled triangles).
His work was highly acclaimed because of his contributions to the establishment of
terminology for concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and
semicircle.
Mahavira was the first mathematician to explain that negative numbers don't have
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15. S. N. BOSE
Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist and mathematician,
known most famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose had worked
directly with Albert Einstein for this project. A certain type of particle
named 'boson' or the 'God Particle' was assigned to Bose in recogni-
tion of the contributions made by Bose. Bose is therefore often
referred to as “The Father of the God Particle”.
Born in the year 1894 in Kolkata, Bose had always been an intelligent
child excelling in education at every turn. By the years 1913 and 1915
respectively, he had finished his B.Sc and M.Sc in Mathematics while
also at the same time outperforming his other classmates.
S.N.Bose enrolled himself at the University College of Science in the year 1917 for
further studies. It is during his tenure as a student there that Bose got to study theories
of Statistical Mechanics by American mathematician J.Willard Gibbs and theory of
relativity by Albert Einstein. Bose in collaboration with another bright fellow from his
batch started translating the works of Einstein into English from German and French
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16. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.wikipedia.org
• https://studentscholarships.org
• https://www.purdue.edu
• https://www.icbse.com