5. DEFINITION
Highly contagious A respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread from person to person through droplets
released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
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6. OUTBREAK
It was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in
Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
It was initially reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019.
On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global
health emergency.
On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, its
first such designation since declaring H1N1 influenza a pandemic in 2009.
Illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 was termed COVID-19 by the WHO, the
acronym derived from "coronavirus disease 2019.
7. MORPHOLOGY
Coronaviruses are enveloped, pleomorphic or spherical particles, 150 nm to 160 nm in size,
linked with constructive single stranded RNA, unsegmented, nucleoprotein, capsid, matrix,
and surface glycoprotein (S-protein).
Significant viral proteins are nucleocapsid protein (N), membrane (M), spike glycoprotein
(S), and envelope small membrane protein (E).
COVID-19 varies from further coronaviruses by encoding a supplementary glycoprotein that
Esterase and Hemagglutination (HE) properties.
8. Structural protein Function(s) of protein
Nucleocapsid protein (N)
Bound to RNA genome to make up
nucleocapsid
Spike glycoprotein (S)
Critical for binding of host cell receptors to
facilitate entry of host cell
Envelope small membrane protein (E) Interacts with M to form viral envelope
Membrane protein (M)
Central organizer of CoV assembly
Determines shape of viral envelope
Hemagglutinin-Esterase (HE) Forms a distinct inner fringe of short peplomer
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10. SYMPTOMS
Most common symptoms:
Fever
Cough
Tiredness
loss of taste or smell
Less common symptoms:
Sore throat
Headache
Aches and pains
Diarrhoea
Rash on skin,
Discolouration of fingers toes
Red or irritated eyes
11. Serious symptoms:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Loss of speech or mobility, or confusion chest
pain
Seek immediate medical attention if you have
serious symptoms.
People with mild symptoms who are otherwise
healthy should manage their symptoms at
home.
On average it takes 5–6 days from when
someone is infected with the virus for symptoms
to show, however it can take up to 14 days.
12. LIFE CYCLE OF COVID 19
1. Infection:
So the first thing a virus has to do is to find a way to attach itself to a cell so that
it can specifically get into the cell. That’s the Virus Receptor Interactions and for SARS-CoV-2
it binds to a protein called ACE-2(Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) that is on the surface of
some cells but not all cells.
2. Internalisation:
Viruses then have to get inside a cell and in case of SARS- Covid it has a sort of
membrane around it (Viral Lipid Membrane) that hides its genetic material from outside world.
Our cells have Same kind of membrane around them that hides their genetic material from
outside world.
13. 3. Membrane fusion and
Release of viral RNA:
The virus genome when
enters a cell start to find
something in the host cell
that is called ribosomes and
ribosomes is what turns
RNA into proteins.
14. 4. Translation:
It takes the sequence of RNA and then translates that into a protein
sequence. RNA is the mean that is used to express our genes. The more the viral
RNA that’s in the cell, the more that RNA will be translated into protein and faster
yeh virus can take over the cell. The RNA serves two purposes. It encodes the
genes that it has to complete its lifecycle but it also the way that send a message
out to the cell to say” Make More of my Gene”.
5. Packaging and assembly:
Then towards the end of the virus Cycle, the virus sends out its
protein to a particular places within the cell that are then places where the
proteins are concentrated and new virus particles are made.
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15. TREATMENT OF COVID 19
Self care
After exposure to someone who has COVID-19, do the following:
Call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline to find out where and when to get a
test.
If testing is not available, stay home and away from others for 14 days.
While you are in quarantine, do not go to work, to school or to public places. Ask someone
to bring you supplies.
Keep at least a 1-metre distance from others, even from your family members.
Wear a medical mask to protect others, including if/when you need to seek medical care.
Clean your hands frequently.
Stay in a separate room from other family members, and if not possible, wear a medical
mask.
Keep the room well-ventilated.
16. SELF CARE
If you share a room, place beds at least 1 meter apart.
Monitor yourself for any symptoms for 14 days.
Call your health care provider immediately if you have
any of these danger signs: difficulty breathing, loss of
speech or mobility, confusion or chest pain.
Stay positive by keeping in touch with loved ones by
phone or online, and by exercising at home.
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18. MEDICAL CARE
Scientists around the world are working to find and
develop treatments for COVID-19.
Optimal supportive care includes oxygen for severely ill
patients and those who are at risk for severe disease
and more advanced respiratory support such as
ventilation for patients who are critically ill.
Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that can help reduce
the length of time on a ventilator and save lives of
patients with severe and critical illness.
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