This document provides an overview of emulsion and dispersion technology, including guidelines for formulating emulsion systems. It discusses identifying the HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) value of emulsifiers to select the appropriate chemistry for a target emulsion. The document also profiles Croda's portfolio of non-ionic surfactants for emulsification, listing the chemical description, HLB value, physical form, and applications of each product.

1. Emulsion & Dispersion
Technology
www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com Industrial Chemicals
Innovative technologies for your emulsion

2. EmulsionTechnology Introduction 1
Identifying and Selecting an Emulsifier 2
Formulating Guidelines for Emulsion Systems 4
Non-ionic Surfactants & HLB System 5
Non-ionic Surfactants 6
l Ethoxylated Alcohols
l Ethoxylated Esters
l Esters
l Ethoxylated Castor Oils
l Poloxamers
l Other
Anionic Surfactants 10
l Phosphate Esters
l Sarcosines
l Sarcosinates
l Taurates
l Fatty Acids
Cationic Surfactants 12
Polymeric Surfactants and Dispersants 14
Silicone Emulsions 16
Silicone Emulsifiers 17
Low Water & Concentrated Silicone Emulsifiers 19
Contents

3. 1
EmulsionTechnology
Emulsion technology has always been a core area of Croda’s
business. Recognised as experts in this field, we have
produced a number of successful emulsion systems in a
broad range of applications.
Croda have a wide range of chemistries suitable for the
following emulsion systems:
l Water in oil
l Oil in water
l Water/oil/water
l Liquid crystal oil in water emulsions
l Silicone emulsions
Croda offer a range of non-ionic surfactants for use as
emulsifying agents, with expertise to support our customers
in the development of their products and formulations.
In addition to our extensive portfolio of non-ionic emulsifiers,
Croda also offers anionic and cationic surfactants which also
function as emulsifiers.
For specific demanding emulsion and dispersion applications,
customers should consider Croda’s range of polymeric
surfactants. These proprietary polymers provide an extra
degree of working flexibility in formulating, to stabilise the
emulsion systems by preventing coalescence of emulsified oil
or water droplets under more extreme conditions.
With our knowledge and experience, we can work with you
to create the right emulsion system for your application. Our
in-house experts can use their knowledge and expertise of
our product range to suggest the right chemistries for you.

4. 2
Once the different emulsifiers have been blended, they can
be used to identify the HLB value of the mixture to be
emulsified.
For this mixture it was found the HLB value was 12. Once
determined, emulsifiers with a HLB of 11 and 13 can be
used to confirm the optimum HLB.
When trying to create an emulsion there are a number
of options available to the formulator when selecting
an emulsifier. Some use trial and error; others use their
previous experience to select the best ingredients. These
methods will eventually lead to a conclusion, but may take
longer than necessary.
The best way to select an emulsifier is to identify the
emulsions HLB value (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance). The
table below can be used to create a set of emulsion systems
with a known HLB, a more detailed datasheet is available.
Identifying and Selecting
an Emulsifier
HLB SpanTM
80 TweenTM
80
4 100% 0%
6 83% 17%
8 65% 35%
10 46% 54%
12 28% 72%
14 9% 91%
15 0% 100%
HLB 4 HLB 6 HLB 8 HLB 10 HLB 12 HLB 14
HLB 11 HLB 12 HLB 13

5. 3
It was confirmed that emulsifiers with a HLB value of 12
produced the most stable emulsion for this mixture. Once
the HLB value has been determined, a range of different
chemistries can be evaluated to find the best fit for the
application or performance requirements.
After identifying C as the best chemistry for the emulsion,
the treat rate of the emulsifier can be optimised.
With fifteen blends and just over an hour’s work, the HLB of
the emulsion can be identified along with the best chemistry
and optimum treat rate.
This simple method will save time, money and effort. It
also shows how a combination of emulsifiers can be used
to create a stable system. This stops the need to search
for one emulsifier with the desired HLB. This can also help
when dealing with difficult systems to emulsify.
Surf A
15%
Surf B
15%
Surf C
15%
Surf C
8%
Surf C
4%
0
1 3 5 7 9
% Concentration of Emulsifier
HLB 12, Surf A
HLB 12, Surf C
How Stability of your Emulsion is Affected by HLB and
Concentration of Emulsifier
Stability
11 13 15
2
4
6
8
10

6. 4
Formulating Guidelines for
Emulsion Systems
In order to calculate how much of emulsifier (A) to blend
with emulsifier (B) to reach a given HLB of X, you can use
the following equation:
To calculate the required blend of SpanTM
60 and TweenTM
60
to emulsify a mixture with a required HLB of 10:
It is well established that combining a high and low HLB
emulsifier is often more effective than the use of one single
emulsifier. Combinations of a range of our emulsifiers can
therefore be used to develop various stable emulsions.
Through experimentation, it is important to establish the
required HLB of the material and the appropriate chemical
type of the emulsifier blend using the HLB selection
method given in this brochure. Selection of the appropriate
chemistry is as important as identifying the correct HLB.
For example, emulsifiers with an unsaturated alkyl chain,
such as an oleyl chain, have an increase affinity for oils
with unsaturated bonds. In this case a blend of SpanTM
80
(sorbitan oleate) and TweenTM
80 (ethoxylated sorbitan
oleate) would be recommended to emulsify these materials.
Similarly a blend of emulsifiers with saturated alkyl chains
for example SpanTM
60 (sorbitan stearate) and TweenTM
60
(ethoxylated sorbitan stearate) would be appropriate for
emulsifying saturated materials.
Most materials that are likely to be emulsified (e.g. base oils,
esters, silicone oils) have a published required HLB value.
For example, required HLB values of approximately 10 are
usually quoted for mineral oils.
In order to develop a stable emulsion of mineral oil, a blend
of TweenTM
and SpanTM
60, combined to give a HLB of 10,
could be evaluated at different concentrations. Further minor
adjustments will be required to optimise the formulation for
stability, viscosity, aesthetics etc.
% (A) = % (B) = 100 - % (A)
100 (X - HLBB
)
HLBA
- HLBB
% (TweenTM
60) =
% (SpanTM
60) = 100 - 51.5
= 51.5%
= 48.5%
HLB of TweenTM
60 = 14.9
HLB of SpanTM
60 = 4.7
100 (10 - 4.7)
14.9 - 4.7

7. 5
Non-ionic Surfactants and the
HLB System
The properties of non-ionic surfactants can be classified by
their HLB (Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Balance) value.
The HLB system was invented over 60 years ago by William
C. Griffin of the Atlas Powder Company (now owned by
Croda). It was designed as a large scale road map to good
emulsification performance when using non-ionic surfactants.
Below is the system developed to select a non-ionic
surfactant for a desired application based on its HLB value.
On the following pages are a summary our emulsifier
product portfolio, here we have highlighted the chemistries,
HLB (where available), product forms and a brief
application/function guide.
For more information on our products such as MSDS’s and
datasheets, please ask your sales rep or refer to our website
www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com.
Non-ionic surfactants are the main emulsifiers and
dispersants used in most market sectors, these can range
from:
l Silicone oils for use in adhesives, sealants, textiles and
others
l Construction for use as air entrainers, superplasticisers,
set retarders
l Advanced materials for use in applications such as catalyst
dispersion
l Technical and industrial fibres for use in the
manufacturing process
l Asphalt and bitumen for use road surfacing and roofing
l Natural and synthetic rubbers formation and stabilisation
of latexes
l Wax coatings for wax emulsions used in particle boards,
textiles, ceramics
HLB Use
1-3 Mixing unlike oils together, foam control
4-6 Stabilising water-in-oil emulsions, wetting
powders into oil
7-9 Wetting powders into water
7-10 Formulating self emulsifying oils
8-16 Stabilising oil-in-water emulsions
13-15 Making detergent solutions
16-20 Solubiliser (micro-emulsifying) into water/
Hydrotrope

8. 6
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Ethoxylated Alcohols
BrijTM
S2 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
4.9 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, co-emulsifier,
readily biodegradable
BrijTM
O2 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
5 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
dispersion aid, micro emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, antifoam, readily biodegradable
BrijTM
C2 Ethoxylated alcohol 5.3 Solid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
antifoam, dispersion aid, micro emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, readily biodegradable
BrijTM
O3 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
6.6 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
dispersion aid, solubiliser, antifoam
BrijTM
LT3 Ethoxylated alcohol 8 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for
powders, dispersion aid, antifoam, expected to be
biodegradable
BrijTM
O5 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
9 Semi solid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent for powders,
dispersion aid, solubiliser, micro emulsifier, NPE 4
replacement
BrijTM
LT4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, biodegradable
NatSurfTM
125 Natural ethoxylated
alcohol
9.6 Liquid Naturally derived water in oil emulsifier
BrijTM
L4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, NPE 4 replacement
SynperonicTM
13/5 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable
SynperonicTM
91/2.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, expected to be substantially
biodegradable
BrijTM
O10 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
12.4 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
wetting agent, NPE 8 replacement, readily
biodegradable
SynperonicTM
13/7-85 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.6 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
wetting agent, high foaming, NPE 9 replacement,
readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM
91/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, readily biodegradable
BrijTM
CS12 Ethoxylated alcohol 13.4 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
wetting agent, NPE 12 replacement, readily
biodegradable
NatSurfTM
265 Natural ethoxylated
alcohol
13.6 Liquid Natural oil in water emulsifier, detergent
SynperonicTM
91/8 Ethoxylated alcohol 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent, readily biodegradable
BrijTM
CS17 Ethoxylated alcohol 15 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
aqueous dispersant
BrijTM
O20 Ethoxylated fatty
alcohol
15.3 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
NPE 15 replacement, readily biodegradable
Non-ionic Surfactants

9. 7
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Ethoxylated Alcohols Continued
BrijTM
CS20 Ethoxylated alcohol 15.7 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, solubiliser, micro
emulsifier, NPE 15 replacement, readily biodegradable
BrijTM
CS25 Ethoxylated alcohol 16.2 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, solubiliser,
micro emulsifier, high foaming, wetting agent, NPE 20
replacement, readily biodegradable
Ethoxylated Esters
CithrolTM
4DL Ethoxylated diester 10 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, NPE 5
replacement
TweenTM
81 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
NPE 5 replacement
AtlasTM
G-1086 Ethoxylated sorbitol
ester
10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
NPE 5 replacement
TweenTM
65 Ethoxylated sorbitan
triester
10.5 Paste Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, NPE 6
replacement
TweenTM
85 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
11 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting agent,
NPE 7 replacement
MyrjTM
S8 Ethoxylated ester 11.1 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting agent,
ultimately biodegradable
CithrolTM
4ML Ethoxylated ester 13.1 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent
TweenTM
21 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
13.3 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
detergent, wetting agent
CithrolTM
6MS Ethoxylated ester 14 Paste Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier,
wetting agent, detergent
TweenTM
60 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
14.9 Semi solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE
13 replacement
TweenTM
80 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
CithrolTM
10MS Ethoxylated ester 16 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, solubiliser, micro
emulsifier
BrijTM
LT23 Ethoxylated alcohol 16.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, solubiliser,
micro emulsifier
TweenTM
20 Ethoxylated sorbitan
ester
16.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, oil solubiliser,
micro emulsifier, NPE 20 replacement, inherently
biodegradable
MyrjTM
S40 Ethoxylated ester 16.9 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
expected to be substantially biodegradable
MyrjTM
S100 Ethoxylated ester 18.8 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
ultimately biodegradable
Esters
SpanTM
85 Sorbitan triester 1.8 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer,
expected to be biodegradable
SpanTM
80 Sorbitan ester 4.3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting powders
into oil, antifoam, biodegradable
SpanTM
60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier, co emulsifier,
wetting powders into oil, antifoam, expected to be
biodegradable

10. 8
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Esters Continued
SpanTM
40 Sorbitan ester 6.7 Solid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
SpanTM
20 Sorbitan ester 8.6 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
powders into water, NPE 4 replacement,
ultimately biodegradable
NatraGemTM
S140 Polyol ester 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
NatraGemTM
E145 Polyol ester 14.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
NatraGemTM
S150 Polyol ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
Ethoxylated Castor Oils
EtocasTM
29 Ethoxylated castor oil 11.6 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
agent, NPE 7 replacement, ultimately
biodegradable
EtocasTM
32 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
EtocasTM
35 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.7 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
wetting agent, NPE 9 replacement, ultimately
biodegradable
EtocasTM
40 Ethoxylated castor oil 13 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, detergent,
wetting agent, NPE 10 replacement, ultimately
biodegradable
EtocasTM
200 Ethoxylated castor oil 18.1 Waxy
solid
Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier
Poloxamers
SynperonicTM
PE/L121 EO/PO block copolymer 0.5 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, wetting agent, defoamer,
demulsifier
SynperonicTM
PE/L101 EO/PO block copolymer 1 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, defoamer, wetting agent,
demulsifier
SynperonicTM
PE/L61 EO/PO block copolymer 3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, defoamer/low foaming,
solubiliser, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
PE/L31 EO/PO block copolymer 4.5 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, dispersing agent, wetting
agent, defoamer
SynperonicTM
PE/25R2 EO/PO block copolymer 6.3 Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer / low foaming, detergent,
wetting agent, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
PE/P105 EO/PO block copolymer 15 Paste Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, detergent,
defoamer
SynperonicTM
PE/L64 EO/PO block copolymer 15 Liquid Water soluble emulsifier, wetting agent,
detergent, foam reduction, friction modifier in
textiles, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
PE/L44 EO/PO block copolymer 16 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent,
defoamer, solubiliser, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable
Non-ionic Surfactants

11. 9
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Poloxamers Continued
SynperonicTM
PE/P84 EO/PO block copolymer 18.5 Paste Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, co-emulsifier,
solubiliser, micro emulsifier
SynperonicTM
PE/F127 EO/PO block copolymer 22 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, aqueous
dispersant, solubiliser
SynperonicTM
PE/F87 EO/PO block copolymer 24 Solid Water soluble oil in water emulsifier, dispersant,
solubiliser
SynperonicTM
PE/L92 EO/PO block copolymer - Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
agent, foam reduction, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
PE/F68 EO/PO block copolymer 29 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, dispersant, wetting agent
SynperonicTM
PE/F108 EO/PO block copolymer - Solid Water soluble, oil in water emulsifier, detergent,
dispersant, solubiliser
SynperonicTM
PE/L62 EO/PO block copolymer 7 Liquid Water soluble wetting agent, dispersant,
defoamer, detergent, expected to be ultimately
biodegradable
Others
SynperonicTM
T/1301 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 2 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer/
low foaming, wetting agent, solubiliser
SynperonicTM
T/701 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 3 Liquid Water in oil emulsifier, co-emulsifier, defoamer,
dispersant, ultimately biodegradable
MultitropeTM
1620 Polysaccharide 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, foaming
agent, wetting agent, biodegradable
SynperonicTM
T/904 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 14 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
agent, detergent, expected to be partially
biodegradable
SynperonicTM
T/304 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine 17 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, co-emulsifier, wetting
agent, solubiliser, micro emulsifier
SynperonicTM
T/908 Alkoxylated ethylene diamine >20 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous dispersant,
solubiliser, applications in catalysis, expected to
be partially biodegradable
SynperonicTM
LF/26 Alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, wetting agent, antistatic in
textile processing
SynperonicTM
LF/30 Alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, defoamer/low foaming,
wetting agent
SynperonicTM
NCA 810 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer/low foaming, detergent,
wetting agent, ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
NCA 830 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, detergent, wetting agent,
expected to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
NCA 850 Synthetic alcohol alkoxylate - Liquid Emulsifier, defoamer, detergent, wetting agent,
ultimately biodegradable
KemelixTM
3702X Polysorbate polyester - Liquid Green water in oil demulsifier
KemelixTM
3697X Ester - Solid Green water in oil demulsifier
KemelixTM
3725X Ester - Liquid Green water in oil demulsifier

12. 10
Croda also provides a wide range of anionic surfactants with
emulsion properties. Anionic surfactants can emulsify when
non-ionic surfactants do not perform to the required level.
Included in this range are:
l Phosphate esters CrodafosTM
and MultitropeTM
series,
products available in both acid and neutralised forms
l Sarcosines/sarcosinates CrodasinicTM
series, products
available in both acid and neutralised forms
l Taurates AdinolTM
Series
l Fatty acids PrisorineTM
and PrifacTM
series
For oil in water emulsions, the PrisorineTM
and PrifacTM
series require neutralisation with a suitable base (e.g.
triethanolamine or sodium hydroxide) to become water-
dispersible or water-soluble.
Co-emulsifiers, which modify the surface of the desired
phase and help emulsification and stabilisation, can also be
sourced from Croda’s range of esters, lanolin products and
fatty acids.
Anionic Surfactants
Product Name Chemical Description Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Phosphate Esters
CrodafosTM
810A Phosphate ester Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope and
antistatic functionality, biodegradable
CrodafosTM
CS2A Phosphate ester Solid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous dispersant, micro
emulsifier, electrolyte tolerant
CrodafosTM
O3A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, wetting agent, antistatic functionality, corrosion
inhibitor, antiwear additive
CrodafosTM
O5A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, wetting agent, antistatic functionality, corrosion
inhibitor, antiwear additive
CrodafosTM
T5A Phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope, antistatic functionality,
wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor, dispersant, solubiliser
MultitropeTM
1214 Alkoxylated phosphate ester Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, micro emulsifier, alkaline/
bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion inhibitor, ultimately
biodegradable
Alkylaryl Sulphonates
AtlasTM
G-3399 Alkyaryl sulphonate Liquid Emulsifier, oil soluble wetting agent, dispersant
Sarcosines
CrodasinicTM
C Sarcosine Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, acid and alkaline stable,
corrosion inhibitor, biodegradable
CrodasinicTM
L Sarcosine Solid Emulsifier, wetting agent, electrolyte tolerant, corrosion
inhibitor, biodegradable
CrodasinicTM
O Sarcosine Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, foaming agent,
electrolyte tolerant, corrosion inhibitor, biodegradable

13. 11
Product Name Chemical Description Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Sarcosinates
CrodasinicTM
CS30 Sarcosinate Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, high foaming, wetting agent, micro
emulsifier, alkaline/bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion
inhibitor, expected to be readily biodegradable
CrodasinicTM
LS30 Sarcosinate Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, high foaming,
wetting agent, micro emulsifier, alkaline/bleach/peroxide
stable, corrosion inhibitor, readily biodegradable
CrodasinicTM
LS35 Sarcosinate Liquid
CrodasinicTM
LS95 Sarcosinate Powder
CrodasinicTM
MS30 Sarcosinate Liquid Emulsifier, detergent, high foaming, wetting agent, micro
emulsifier, alkaline/bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion
inhibitor
Taurates
AdinolTM
CT24 Taurate Liquid Excellent detergent, wetting agent, dispersant
AdinolTM
CT95 Taurate Solid
Fatty Acids
PrifacTM
7996 Modified fatty acid Liquid Emulsifier in neutralised form, surfactant intermediate,
pigment wetting agent, dispersant, biodegradable
PrisorineTM
3501 Isostearic acid Liquid Emulsifier in neutralised form, surfactant intermediate,
dispersant agent for metallic formulations, lubricant,
oxidatively stable, expected to be biodegradable
PrisorineTM
3505 Isostearic acid (vegetable) Liquid
PrisorineTM
3508 Isostearic acid (vegetable) Liquid

14. 12
Croda provide a select number of cationic surfactants, their
positive charge gives them a range of unique properties and
benefits in a range of applications. Cationic surfactants are
compatible with non-ionic surfactants however due to the
positive charge most cannot be used in the presence of
anionics.
Cationic surfactants have a range of uses within industrial
sectors such as:
l Emulsifiers for bitumen emulsions due to their
compatibility with a range of aggregates
l General emulsion and dispersion technology
l Softeners and antistatic additives in textiles
l Surface antistatics
l Personal care formulations
Cationic
Surfactants

15. 13
Product Name Chemical Description Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
ArlasilkTM
EFA Phospholipid Liquid Oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, suitable
for use with anionics
ArlasilkTM
PTM Phospholipid Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, high HLB
co-emulsifier
AtlasTM
G-265 Ethoxylated fatty ammonium ethosulphate Liquid Emulsifier, dispersant, antistatic
and lubricant in textiles, bitumen
emulsifier
CrodaquatTM
1207 Ethoxylated alkylamine quaternary Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, electrolyte
tolerant
CrodaquatTM
TES Ethoxylated tallow alkylmonium ethosulfate Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, electrolyte
tolerant
IncromineTM
SD Fatty amidoalkyl dialkylamine Liquid Bitumen emulsifier
IncroquatTM
Behenyl TMC-25 Behentrimonium chloride Solid Oil in water emulsifier, antistatic
IncroquatTM
Behenyl TMC-85 Behentrimonium chloride Solid Oil in water emulsifier, antistatic
IncroquatTM
Behenyl TMS Behentrimonium methosulfate Solid Emulsifier
IncroquatTM
Behenyl TMS-50 Behentrimonium methosulfate Solid Emulsifier

16. 14
Polymeric
Surfactants
and
Dispersants
For specialist and demanding emulsion and dispersion
applications, customers should consider Croda’s range of
polymeric surfactants. These proprietary polymers provide
an extra degree of flexibility in formulating. They work
to stabilise the emulsion, preventing the coalescence of
emulsified oil or water droplets under more extreme
conditions. Some specific benefits of the range are:
l Versatility: a single surfactant is capable of emulsifying a
wide range of liquids. This can be very useful in
formulations where the oil has a varying composition,
such as a natural product or a processing side stream
l Electrolyte stability: tolerance of hard-water and
dissolved salts (these are normally disruptive influences on
emulsion stability)
l Thermal stability: copes with a wide range of storage or
processing temperatures
l Shear stability: very useful property in applications such as
textile lubrication and other high-speed industrial
processes, where the lubricant experiences high velocities
and shear fields
l High performance at low treat rates: consider
cost-in-use! There may be secondary benefits in using less
surfactant, especially in environmental loss applications,
but also in processing applications where the emulsion is
carried downstream into other parts of the manufacturing
process

17. 15
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
Polymeric Surfactants
AtlasTM
G-5000 Polymeric surfactant 17 Solid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous
dispersant, wetting agent, micro emulsifier
AtlasTM
G-5002 L Polymeric surfactant 17 Liquid Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous
dispersant, wetting agent, micro emulsifier
AtloxTM
4894 Polymeric surfactant 15.5 Gel Oil in water emulsifier, aqueous
dispersant, wetting agent, micro emulsifier
CirrasolTM
292X3 Polymeric surfactant - Waxy solid Water soluble emulsifier and dispersant
HypermerTM
1599-A Polymeric surfactant 5.5 Paste Oil soluble emulsifier and dispersant
HypermerTM
2296 Polymeric surfactant 5 Waxy solid Oil soluble/water dispersible emulsifier,
asphaltene dispersant
HypermerTM
A-70 Polymeric surfactant 6 Liquid Emulsion stabiliser, dispersant, resistant
to high ion concentrations and
temperatures
HypermerTM
B-261 Polymeric surfactant 8 Waxy solid Oil soluble emulsion stabiliser, dispersant
HypermerTM
LP-1 Polymeric surfactant - Liquid Oil soluble emulsifier, wetting agent,
dispersion and fluidisation of solid
particles in low polarity non-aqueous
systems
Non VOC Polymeric Dispersants
ZephrymTM
PD-2246 SF Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) - Solid NonVOC dispersant for organic and
carbon particles in low polarity non-
aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
PD-2206 Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) - Liquid NonVOC dispersant for organic and
inorganic and carbon particles in low
polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
3300-B Polymeric dispersant (anionic) - Liquid NonVOC dispersant for organic and
inorganic particles in aqueous, low
polarity non-aqueous and high polarity
non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
PD-3315 Polymeric dispersant
(slightly anionic)
- Liquid Dispersant for organic and inorganic and
carbon particles in aqueous systems and
high polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
PD-4913 Polymeric dispersant (non-ionic) 12 Liquid Dispersant for organic and inorganic
particles in aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
PD-7000 Polymeric dispersant
(slightly cationic)
- Liquid NonVOC dispersant for inorganic and
carbon particles in aqueous systems high
polarity non-aqueous systems
ZephrymTM
3300-B Polymeric dispersant - Liquid NonVOC dispersant for inorganic and
carbon particles in aqueous systems high
polarity non-aqueous systems

18. 16
Silicone compounds are very useful and offer a range of
benefits in a variety of applications such as:
l Adhesives and sealants
l Textile shining
l Silicone based defoamers
l Cosmetics and personal care
l Hydrophobic and release agents for paper
Silicone oils are quite difficult to handle because of their
viscosity and solubility with other organic and aqueous
components. Emulsifying the silicone provides a solution
to these issues, allowing you to deliver the silicone in a
workable medium and gain the performance advantages
silicone offers over alternatives.
Croda’s product range is designed to offer three distinct
advantages for silicone emulsions:
Stability
Between the production of the emulsion and its use in a
formulation, several months may pass. Creating a stable
emulsion system prevents coalescence and separation. We
can help you to find the right emulsifier or emulsifier system
to suit your needs.
Dilutability
In most cases, the silicone emulsion is not directly used
as such. Before its incorporation into the formulation, the
emulsion may require dilution. It’s compatibility with water
addition is critical. With Croda’s expertise in emulsion
technology we can help you select the right emulsifier for
you specific application.
Performance
Once the silicone is emulsified, it needs to perform as was
intended. The use of emulsifiers can inhibit this performance
and sometimes lead to unwanted by products. With Croda’s
broad portfolio of chemistries and product range, we can
find the right emulsifier to ensure your silicone emulsion
performs to the highest level.
Silicone Emulsions

19. 17
Non-ionic Surfactants: The Basis of Silicone Emulsion
With non-ionic surfactants being the main technology used
for emulsifying silicone compounds, Croda offers a wide
range of chemistries to suit your formulating needs.
Flexibility with Anionic Surfactants
For certain applications where non-ionic surfactants are not
suitable, anionic surfactants can be used in their place.
For silicone in water emulsions, the Prisorine and Prifac
series require neutralisation with a suitable base
(e.g. triethanolamine or sodium hydroxide) to becoming
water-dispersible or water-soluble.
Silicone
Emulsifiers
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
SpanTM
60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting powders into oil, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
BrijTM
S2 Ethoxylated alcohol 4.9 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, co-emulsifiers,
readily biodegradable
BrijTM
LT4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers, wetting
agent for powders, dispersion aid, biodegradable
BrijTM
L4 Ethoxylated alcohol 9.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifiers,
wetting agent for powders, dispersion aid, NPE 4
replacement
TweenTM
81 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 Replacement
AtlasTM
G-1086 Ethoxylated sorbitol ester 10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
SynperonicTM
13/5 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, expected to
be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
13/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 11.4 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, high foaming, expected
to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
91/2.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, expected to
be substantially biodegradable
EtocasTM
32 Ethoxylated castor oil 12.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
BrijTM
S10 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.4 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, wetting
agent, readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM
13/6.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, degreaser, wetting agent, high foaming,
expected to be ultimately biodegradable
SynperonicTM
13/7-85 Ethoxylated alcohol 12.6 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, high foaming, NPE 9
replacement, readily biodegradable
SynperonicTM
91/6 Ethoxylated alcohol 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, readily
biodegradable

20. 18
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
MultitropeTM
1620 Polysaccharide 13 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, foaming
agent, wetting agent, biodegradable
TweenTM
21 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 13.3 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent
SynperonicTM
91/8 Ethoxylated alcohol 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, readily
biodegradable
NatraGemTM
S140 Polyol ester 14 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
CithrolTM
6MS Ethoxylated ester 14 Paste Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent
NatraGemTM
E145 Polyol ester 14.5 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
TweenTM
80 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
NatraGemTM
S150 Polyol ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent electrolyte and pH
tolerant, ultimately biodegradable
BrijTM
S20 Ethoxylated alcohol 15.3 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, readily
biodegradable
TweenTM
20 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 16.7 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier, oil
solubiliser, micro emulsifier, NPE 20 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
BrijTM
LT23 Ethoxylated alcohol 16.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
solubiliser, micro emulsifier
MyrjTM
S40 Ethoxylated ester 16.9 Solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier,
expected to be substantially biodegradable
EtocasTM
200 Ethoxylated castor oil 18.1 Waxy solid Silicone emulsifier, oil solubiliser, micro emulsifier
CrodafosTM
810A Phosphate ester - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent,
hydrotrope and antistatic functionality,
biodegradable
CrodasinicTM
LS30 Sarcosinate (aq.) - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, high
foaming surfactant, wetting agent, micro emulsifier,
alkaline/bleach/peroxide stable, corrosion inhibitor,
readily biodegradable
Silicone Emulsifiers

21. 19
Formulating a silicone emulsion with a low content of water
or in its total absence requires specific emulsifiers, which will
perform in these extreme conditions. Croda offers a range
of innovative products designed to work in these demanding
applications.
It is a general rule that the higher the molecular weight of
the silicone is the more difficult it is to emulsify and less
ethoxylated alcohols are used (more sorbitan esters etc).
For water free emulsions (regardless the MW of the
silicones) it is preferred to use the products listed below.
Concentrates andWater
Free Silicone Emulsions
Product Name Chemical Description HLB Form
at 25°C
Application/Function
SpanTM
60 Sorbitan ester 4.7 Solid Silicone emulsifier, water in oil emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, wetting powders into oil, antifoam,
expected to be biodegradable
TweenTM
81 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 10 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
AtlasTM
G-1086 Ethoxylate sorbitol ester 10.2 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, NPE 5 replacement
TweenTM
80 Ethoxylated sorbitan ester 15 Liquid Silicone emulsifier, oil in water emulsifier,
co-emulsifier, detergent, NPE 15 replacement,
inherently biodegradable
CrodafosTM
810A Phosphate ester - Liquid Silicone emulsifier, emulsifier, detergent, hydrotrope,
antistatic functionality, biodegradable

22. 20
The Croda portfolio does not stop at the products listed
in our brochure. If a specific chemistry, HLB or any other
parameters are required, Croda, one of the world leaders
in emulsifier technology may have what you need for your
application.
Please contact your sales representatives or nearest Croda
office to discuss your requirements and let us find the right
solution for you.
Didn’t find
what you are
searching for?

23. ©2013 Croda Europe Ltd 02/13 ICB004V1.3
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith but no representation or warranty as to its completeness or
accuracy is made. Suggestions for uses or applications are only opinions. Users are responsible for determining the suitability of these products for their
own particular purpose. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made with respect to information or products including without limitation
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of any third party patent or other intellectual property rights
including without limit copyright, trademark and designs. Any trademarks identified herein are trademarks of the Croda group of companies.

24. Europe
Cowick Hall, United Kingdom
Email: crodaindustrialchemicals@croda.com
Americas
Atlas Point, New Castle
Email: crodaindustrialchemicals@croda.com
Asia Pacific
Singapore
Email: crodaindustrialchemicals@croda.com
For more information please visit: www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com
Industrial Chemicals